• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1407-1413
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• 2005

Korean households' expenditures on the eating -out have been steadily increasing except for the foreign exchange crisis period. This paper aimed to examine the eating-out expenditures of salary and wage earners's households by educational attainment of household head. We modeled the demand function of eating-out in terms of income and price, examining the responsiveness of eating-out demand to changes in income and price using econometric methods such as regression, rolling regression and impulse response. This paper showed that coefficients of income and price tended to decrease as the income rises in the long-run. Specifically, the higher the educational attainment of household head is, the smaller the coefficients of income and price we. The impulse response analysis also indicated that while price shocks decreased the demand for eating-out, income shocks tended to increase tile demand for eating-out in all the educational attainments. Furthermore income shocks were much greater and last longer than price shocks at all educational attainments of household heads.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.105-117
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• 2020

Agaricus blazei Murill (Almond mushroom) has many beneficial effects, such as anti-cancer, immuneenhancement, and anti-obesity. Also, its skin benefits have been reported for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and whitening. In order to elucidate these effects, many studies have been conducted. In this study, we reconfirmed the skin efficacy of the extract of the mushrooms mushrooms. The Agaricus blazei extract showed inhibition of melanin synthesis, enhancement of collagen synthesis, and up-regulation of gene expression (hyaluronan syntahase-2, 3 and aquaporin-3) at 100 ㎍/mL. and identified the ingredients from the extract. We further investigated them to find an applicability as cosmetic ingredients. The ingredients were confirmed comparison of their spectroscopic data with literature values. They were identified as being ergosterol (1), 5-dihydroergosterol (2), cerevisterol (3), cerebroside B (4), cerebroside D (5), adenosine (6), and benzoic acid (7). Among these compounds, we evaluated skin efficacy for two cerebrosides and three ergosterol derivatives that have not been reported its efficacy. As a result, 5-dihydroergosterol (2) inhibited melanogenesis in B16F10 and promoted collagen biosynthesis in human dermal fibroblast. In addition, cerevisterol (3), cerebroside B (4), and cerebroside D (5) inhibited NO production in RAW 264.7 cell. In particular, cerebroside D (5) increased the expression of hyaluronan synthase-2 and aquaporin-3 genes in HaCaT. These results suggest that Agaricus blazei extract and isolated compounds can be used as cosmetic ingredients.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.481-486
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• 2017

The study aimed to compare the whitening efficacy of a strip and gel containing 2.9% hydrogen peroxide, using a tooth whitening light activator. The whitening effect was compared through in vitro and in vivo studies. In the in vitro study, we used stained hydroxyapatite (HAP) specimens as artificial teeth. HAP specimens were made using HAP powder and polyvinyl alcohol solution, and stained by modified Stookey's method. A whitening gel and whitening strip were applied to the respective specimens for 20 minutes, with a light activator. The color changes were measured using a colorimeter. In the in vivo study, one group (test 1) used the gel with a light activator and the other group (test 2) used a strip with the same activator for 15 minutes a day, for four consecutive days. An organoleptic evaluation using a Vita shade guide and instrumental evaluation using a Shade eye-NCC (Shofu Co., Japan) were performed. The color change values (${\Delta}E^*$) in the in vitro study revealed the strip with the light activator to be more effective than the gel with the same activator (p<0.001). In the in vivo study, even though there was no significant difference between the groups with respect to the ${\Delta}E^*$, using either the Shade eye-NCC or the Vita shade guide, the change in yellowness (${\Delta}b^*$) was statistically significant (p=0.024). In conclusion, test 2 group that used 2.9% hydrogen peroxide strip with a light activator, showed a tendency towards increased whitening than test 1 group that used the gel with the same activator; however further studies are needed to validate the above finding.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.987-994
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• 2015

This study examines how single-person household expenditure patterns are different with respect to age and income groups using Tobit model. The expenditure data of the national household survey from 2006 to 2012 were used. The results show that income elasticities of all items are greater than 1 except for food & beverage, housing, water, electricity & gas, and Communication. Income elasticities are significantly different among consuming items. Additionally the income elasticities are also different between various age and income groups of single-person households. Therefore governments and businesses have to take this into account when devising their policies or strategies regarding single-person households. Especially, businesses need to adopt a strategy targeted at single-person households with high income and buying power such as unmarried professional people. As the number of single-person household increases the proportion of expenditures on necessities such as beverage, food, and energy is expected to decrease while that on services increases. Consequently policy responses are required to prepare for the expansion of service industries such as health, hospital, and housekeeping services.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2018

According to Statistics Korea, South Korea has entered the realm of the "aging society" with the rapid development of the country's population. Researchers anticipate that the extremely high (73%) ratio of real estate property to total assets for mid-age to aged households in South Korea that do not have a fixed income may cause serious problems in the future. For example, the real estate market in South Korea may be bombarded with properties listed for sale, causing the average property price to drop due to the abundant supply. Although this prediction may be reasonable, this concept has excluded the idea of pension (which is crucial as it can be considered a consistent and fixed income) due to the limited amount of available data thereon; as such, it is important to include this factor to improve the pertinent research. Thus, this research was conducted using the data from the $3^{rd}$ and $5^{th}$ Korea Retirement and Income Study. For the study results, it was found that variables such as net asset, gender, education, and number of family members have the same impact as that found in the previous studies. To extend from here, two new factors were introduced: the existence of pensions and the amount of pension received by a household. From there, it was found that the existence of a consistent and fixed income such as a pension has led to an increase in housing consumption, the area of interest of the authors.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.857-889
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• 2022

Home theft and burglary are prevalent in Dhaka city. Internet of things (IoT), in contrast, is commonly recognized as among the most advanced home security systems. However, the factors that attract young people to use IoT for household security have yet to be examined. Consequently, the purpose of this article is to validate the attitude-social influence-self-efficacy (ASE) model with personal innovativeness and perceived trust. We collected data from Dhaka citizens aged 15 to 24 using a purposive sample technique and 370 valid responses were chosen for the study. According to the analysis, all of our proposed hypotheses were found significant with a 73.6% variance. Furthermore, the effects of attitude and social influence were shown to be the highest and lowest, respectively, and trust and innovativeness were both nearly strong main predictors of ASE. Significantly, since this is one of the few studies in the technology adoption domain using this model, a solid foundation for IoT adoption for security purposes is established.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2009

Onto the world-fastest ageing of society, the world-lowest fertility rate prompted a development of various policies and programs for a betterment of the population in Korea. Since the vulnerability of young children of low socio-economic class to malnutrition was clearly shown at the in-depth analysis of the 2001 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, an effort to devise supplemental nutrition care program for pregnant/breastfeeding women, infants and preschool children was initiated. The program was designed to offer nutrition education tailored to fit the needs of the participants and special supplementary foods, using USDA WIC program as a benchmark. Based on the dietary intake of those age groups, target nutrients were selected and their major food sources were searched through nutrient content of foods and dietary pattern analysis. As a result, we developed 6 kinds of food packages using combinations of 11 different food items. The amount of each item in a food package was determined to supplement the intake deficit in target nutrients. Nutrition education in $NutriPlus^+$ aims to improve the nutrition knowledge, attitude, and dietary behaviors of the participants, and is provided through group lessons, individual counseling sessions and home visits. Breastfeeding is promoted with top priority in education for the health of both mother and baby. The eligibility guidelines were set for residency, household income, age, pregnancy/breastfeeding and nutritional risk such as anemia, stunting, underweight, and/or inadequate nutrient intake. Income eligibility was defined as household income less than 200 percent of the Korean poverty guidelines. A pilot study to examine the feasibility of program implementation was run in 3 public health centers in 2005 and expanded to 15 and 20 in the following 2 years. The result of 3-year pilot study will be reported separately along with the ultimate nationwide implementation of the $NutriPlus^+$ in 2008.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.5 s.219
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• pp.89-98
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to seek for a direction of child-care development through the basic concepts of home economics which have taken charge of much parts of the studies in child-care in the early years. When the problem of child-care is studied in view of the developmental process or the basic concepts of home economics, it is summed up as follows; First, on the basis of human ecological approach, when we study child-care, it needs to emphasize the mutual relationship between the macro-environment in connection with home and child-care. The study of child-care have to find out the relationship between the micro-environment in connection with children and the macro-environment in connection with home. And on the basis of this study, we must endeavor to build up the desirable environment of child-care. Second, on the basis of the concept of Institutional household, we mud be concerned about the developmental stages of young children, and emphasize 'the principle of love and care'. This means that the institution of child-care must be considered as a place which enlarges the merits of home and complements the defects of home through the strengthener of the function of home. Third, on the basis of healthy family, child-care service must support and complement the function of bringing of home in view of 'total healthiness of home'. Child-care service must be offered to be able to be chosen according to the total conditions of family such as the employment of mother, the family life cycle, the life style, the socioeconomic status of family.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.31-42
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• 2008

Research outcome shows the following: 1. Estimation by the year 2015 on the number of the aged people and on the number of the household of living alone and living with spouse only, per age-cohort by 5 years, per basic self-govern-ins local groups and the city of Daegu. The result is supposed to serve as meaningful basic material in building up future policies in many areas for the aged people living in their homes. 2. Estimation varies according to the areas and the age-cohorts. In urban areas, increase of the numbers of the households of the aged people living alone and living with spouse only is estimated in every age-cohort. In rural areas, variance between two age-groups, old-old and young-old, is observed. Both of the numbers of the households for the aged living alone and the aged living with spouse only have increased continuously by the year 2005. But the hither-to increase tendency is estimated to reverse itself to a decrease starting from the younger within the young-old age group, and the ratio of the old-old age-group in rural population will sharply increase starting from the year 2005. Such increase in the number of the aged people in need of the housing and the social support requires the increasing policy consideration for the issue of housing for the aged living in their homes. In spite of the decreasing tendency in the number of the aged people living alone and living with spouse only in rural areas, still there will continue to be more number of such households than in urban area for the time being. The government of Gyeongsangbuk-Do should pay more consideration to the old-old aged living alone and living with spouse only in rural areas, while being prepared for the sharply increasing households for the aged living alone and living with spouse only in urban areas.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.879-888
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• 2017

Recently, the Smart household appliances to provide Smart services have been actively spreaded by providing IoT(Internet of Things). Also, the appliances which Wi-Fi and Bluetooth can directly control are preferred. But until now, the most household appliances are based on IR(InfraRed) and the each procotols of them are different. In this paper, to solve these problems, we suggested the system to control both smart appliances and general appliances by using Smart phone. The system is "Wi-Fi to IR" gateway which receives the Wi-Fi signal to convert to IR signal and transmit it. Also, we made the remote control function in specific brands' appliances possible to most brands without limitation and tried to control not only one remote controller for one TV brand but also for all brand without limitation.