• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.179-192
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the injury prevention behaviors of school-age children using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and sought to identify the associated factors. Methods: A sample of 199 students in Grades 3 to 6 and their parents participated in the study. Measures were used to assess injury prevention behaviors, intentions, and parental influence. The data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Results: The findings showed that a stronger intention toward injury prevention behavior, living in an urban area, and higher involvement of parent's to prevent injuries were significantly associated with higher levels of injury prevention behaviors among the children. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of intention, parental influence, and urban residence in promoting injury prevention behaviors among school-age children. The findings suggest the need for tailored interventions targeting these factors to promote prevention of injuries among children. Further research is needed to develop comprehensive strategies to prevent injuries in this population.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.101-126
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• 2006

In this comparison of the relative effects of children's separation from their parents, socio-emotional adjustment was assessed by emotional and behavioral problems and emotional intelligence. Subjects were 502 elementary school children separated from their parents(162 in Yanbian and 340 in Korea) and their caregivers. Data analysis was by frequency, t-test, and multiple regression controlled by gender and grade in school. Caregivers living with children and their parenting efficacy were significant variables for the development of socio-emotional adjustment in Korean-Chinese children in Yanbian, but reasons for parent-child separation, caregivers' psychological and behavioral characteristics, and SES were significant variables for children in Korea. Implications are that regional differences should be considered in understanding and supporting the development of children's socio-emotional adjustment.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.77-96
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was the development of a scale to assess the daily hassles of school age children. The subjects were 398 third and sixth grade children selected from elementary schools in Seoul, Inchon, Taejon, Kwangju and Pusan. Instruments included a questionnaire composed of a 96-item Daily Hassles Coping Scale, demographic questions, a 27-item Children's Depression Inventory, the 42-item Han & Yoo Daily Hassles Scale for Children, and a 30-item Children's Behavior Check List for mothers. Mean, %, ${\chi}^2$, Cramer's V, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis and Pearson's r were used for data analysis. 82 items from the 96-item Daily Hassles Coping Scale were selected through the item discriminant method. (Cramer's V discriminant coefficients ranged from .36 to .79). Five factors were extracted from the lst and 2nd factor analyses. Subscales were "parent-related," "friend-related I," "study-related," "friend-related II," and "teacher-related" stress. Criterion validity of the 82-item scale was confirmed through significant correlations with the Children's Depression Inventory (r=.55) and the Han & Yoo Daily Hassles Scale for Children (r=.22). Internal consistency of this scale was high, including internal reliability of subscales. These results confirm this scale as a valid and reliable measure of daily hassles of school age children.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.115-130
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• 2013

This study reviews the current status of Korean first graders, their experience with early care and education (ECE) programs, and their participation in private and after-school education. The research also examines how school adjustment during the first grade is related to family income, types of ECE programs, and participation in private and after-school education. Using the first year data of the Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) 2010, this study analyzes 752 first graders who attended only one of two types of ECE programs (child care centers or kindergartens), after which two 25% income extremes were examined. The analysis demonstrates that children from low-income households attended child care centers more often, while children from high-income households attended kindergartens more often. For both low-income and high-income groups, child care centers had a lower starting age and longer attendance periods than did kindergartens. High-income household children started attending ECE programs earlier, experienced more private and after-school education, and received a larger number of private and after-school educational lessons. For the second research purpose, children from low-income families showed better peer relations in school adjustment, while children attending child care centers showed better teacher relations than children attending kindergartens. Children with after-school education also exhibited better peer relations. These findings show the importance of government support for early learning, especially for low-income families and offer a foundation for developing private education polices for early childhood before and after school entry.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.737-744
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• 2009

Metabolic syndrome (MS) in children and adolescents has become a global public health problem. MS among Korean children and adolescents has been increasing significantly over the past decade. This paper aims to provide the currently available information on the MS in children and adolescents. This review focuses on the definition, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology and pathophysiology which may be helpful for the pediatrician in early identification and management of the MS in children and adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.491-506
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• 2013

The allergenic food labeling system for 12 foods has been operated in Korean school food service since 2012. This study was conducted to evaluate the food allergy status of Korean elementary school children's and their parents' perceptions of allergenic food labeling system. The parents of school aged(6-9yr olds) children in Gyeongbuk area were recruited to assist in this survey. Surveys were conducted by 404 parents. The prevalence of food allergy was 18.1%(73 students) and about one-half of the food allergic children had a family history of allergies, in particular, maternal family history. The major symptoms were related to skin and the major allergenic foods were mackerel, eggs, milk, wheat, crab and tomatoes. The parents eliminated the allergenic food from diet of 43.8% of the children with food allergy. Participants had an average knowledge score of 68% correct. The average knowledge score was higher for parents with food allergic children than for parents with intact children(p<.05). Over 61% of the respondents were not satisfied with allergenic food labeling system operated in school food service. The requirements for the allergenic food labeling system were the front-of-package labeling, conspicuous description and insert of warning sign. The parents estimated that the most important effect of the allergenic food labeling system was the improvement of psychological and physical health in children with food allergy. Because the only prevention method for food allergy is the restriction of allergenic food, the institutional device to expand the food labeling to unpackaged food as well as packaged food and to make people trust the food labeling should be prepared.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to discover about the parenting anxiety of working mother and full-time mother with elementary school children, and to find ways to support them. All the study participants were 20 mothers with elementary school children. Data was collected from June 23, 2017 to July 8, 2017. Data was collected using in-depth group interviews. Parenting anxiety felt by working mothers is 'sorry about the child', 'burden on the role of parents', and 'difficulty in caring', 'Reemployment and career disconnection'. The conclusion is as follows. First, it is necessary to reduce the burden of raising children on elementary school children of both working and full-time mothers. Second, practical support plans are needed for working mothers and full-time mothers of elementary school children. Third, practical support plans are needed for working mothers and full-time mothers with elementary school children.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.84-90
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• 2011

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to describe the relationship of mothers' parenting attitude as perceived by the child to self-esteem, and school adjustment of school age children with Tetrology of Fallot (TOF). Methods: In this study a self-administered questionnaire survey was used to collect the data. The participants included 38 children who were registered in a pediatric cardiology clinic in one tertiary medical center. Their ages were between 11 and 15 years. They were diagnosed with TOF, and had no other congenital problems. Data were collected from November 1 to November 30, 2009. After obtaining telephone consent from the mothers and children, questionnaires were mailed to 64 participants and 38 questionnaires were returned. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) WIN 15.0 version. Results: There was a significant correlation between perceived parenting attitude, self-esteem, and school adjustment of children with TOF. Conclusion: Children who perceive their mothers' parenting attitude to be more positive also report higher self-esteem and better school adjustment. These findings are similar to other studies done with healthy school age children. However, parents of children with TOF may require different parenting approaches to foster positive self-esteem and school adjustment.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.10
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• pp.63-72
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate Korean elementary school children's extracurricular activities by gender, grade and area from a sample of 3,608 children in six Korean provincial areas except Jeju-do. They responded to the questionnaire developed by the researchers. Data were analyzed by frequency and percent using the SPSS PC 15.0 program. Results were as follows: Firstly, 3,337 children(92.5%) participated in extracurricular activities, and the rest(7.5%) did not. This result illustrates that the majority of Korean elementary school children are taking part in at least one or more out-of-school activities. Secondly, the average number of extracurricular activities in which elementary school children participated was 8.48 and the average time allotted was 655.24 minutes; each child took about 8 activities and spent approximately 10 hours per week. Thirdly, main extracurricular activities in which children participated were to go to educational institutes, to take art/physical education lessons, and to study self-learning materials. Lastly, what elementary school children wish to do most in their spare time was to play the computer games, to take a rest, to enjoy family and friend relationships, and to watch the television.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.495-503
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the social competence of school-aged children according alcohol consumption by their parents. Methods: The participants were 558 5th grade elementary school students. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from September 17 to October 2 2013, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Stepwise multiple regression analysis with the SPSS PC+ 21.0 program. Results: Participants were classified into three groups according to alcohol use; Non-use parent group (52.7%), social use parent group (31.0%), and problem use parent group (16.3%). Participants whose parents were problem users had significantly lower scores on emotional awareness and expression (F=14.45, p<.001), social support (F=5.82, p=.003), and social competence (F=16.33, p<.001) compared to students in the other two groups. In school-aged children with parents who were alcohol abusers, the variables that predicted social competence was friend support (66.0%). Conclusion: These results emphasize the importance of focusing on the crucial role of peer support in the development of social competence in school-aged children of parents who abuse alcohol. Further, for these children, interventions aimed at improving social support and children's emotional awareness and expression may be most beneficial.