• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.369-376
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• 2011

A non-quadratic anisotropic strain rate potential was introduced as a conjugate potential of the yield stress potential Yld2000-2d to describe anisotropic behavior of sheet metals, in particular, aluminum alloy sheets under plane stress state. This strain-rate potential takes into account the anisotropic yield stresses and R-values measured along the directions measured at 0, 45 and 90 degrees from the rolling direction, as well as the balanced biaxial yield stress and strain-rate ratio. The convexity of the strain-rate potential was completely proven. The strain-rate potential was applied for two anisotropic aluminum alloy sheets, AA6022-T4 and AA2090-T3. The results verified that the strain rate potential properly described the anisotropic behavior of aluminum alloy sheets and was closely conjugate of Yld2000-2d under the plane stress state.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.291-294
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• 2005

Recently, the usage of aluminum alloy is rapidly increasing in automobile industry to achieve weight reduction for fuel efficiency. However, design of forming process of aluminum is more difficult than steel because of poor formability and severe springback. Since applications of finite element analysis for the design of sheet metal forming process are actively performed, it is required to conduct proper consideration of aluminum material behavior. In this study, a plane stress yield function Yld2000(Yoon et al., 2000), proven to describe well the anisotropic behavior of aluminum alloy, is implemented for FE analysis. One element test is considered to verify the validity of implementation of Yld2000 model. In addition, cylindrical cup drawing test is performed to verify earing shape of a drawn cup.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.595-600
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• 2011

This paper investigates the effect of strain rate on the anisotropic deformation behavior of advanced high strength steel sheets. Uniaxial tensile tests were carried out on TRIP590 and DP780 steel sheets at strain rates ranging from 0.001/sec to 100/sec to determine yield stresses and r-values at various loading angles from the reference rolling direction. R-values were determined by the digital image correlation technique. Hill48 and Yld2000-2d yield functions were tested for their capability to describe the plastic deformation anisotropy of the materials. Initial yield loci were constructed using the Yld2000-2d yield function, which adequately described the anisotropic behavior of the materials. The shape of the initial yield loci was found to change with different strain rate, and the anisotropic behavior decreased with increasing strain rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.304-307
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• 2006

A plane stress yield function YLD2000(Yoon et al., 2000) is applied to the finite element analysis S/W Z-Stamp because it is required to conduct proper consideration of aluminum alloy which has anomalous behavior. In the previous study, verification of the yield function and developed S/W is implemented. In this paper, two real parts of automobile body are additionally considered to verify the validity of Z-Stamp. The one is the benchmark problem #2 of Numisheet 2005 and the other is a small member part. In case of benchmark problem, formability simulation result and try-out result are compared with each other. In case of the small member part, formability analysis is implemented to predict the problem during the developing time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.304-307
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• 2008

In order to evaluate the effect of permanent softening behavior on springback prediction, 2D-draw bending simulations were compared with experiments for friction stir welded DP590 steel sheets. To account fur the nonlinear hardening behavior, the combined isotropic-kinematic hardening law was utilized with and without considering the permanent softening behavior during reverse loading. Also, the non-quadratic orthotropic yield function, Yld2000-2d, was used to describe the anisotropic initial-yielding behavior of the base sheet while anisotropic properties of the weld zone were ignored for simplicity.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 2009

In order to better predict the springback for friction stir welded DP590 steel sheet, the combined isotropic-kinematic hardening was formulated with considering the permanent softening behavior during reverse loading. As for yield function, the non-quadratic anisotropic yield function, Yld2000-2d, was used under plane stress condition. For the verification purposes, comparisons of simulation and experiments were performed here for the unconstrained cylindrical bending, the 2-D draw bending tests. For two applications, simulations showed good agreements with experiments.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.15 no.8 s.89
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• pp.574-580
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• 2006

Anisotropy has an important effect on the strain distribution in aluminum alloy sheet forming, and it is closely related to the thinning and formability of sheet metals. Thus, the anisotropy of the material should be properly considered for the realistic analyses of aluminum sheet forming processes. For this, anisotropy can be approached in two different scales: phenomenological and microstructural (polycrystal) models. Recent anisotropic models (Yld2000-2d; Barlat et al.[1] 2003, Cuitino et al.[2] 1992) were employed in this work. For the simulation using shell element, the method which can impose plane stress condition in the polycrystal model is developed. Lankford values and yield stress ratios are calculated along various directions. As planar anisotropic behavior, a circular cup deep drawing simulation was carried out to compare the phenomenological and microstructure models in terms of earing profile.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2016

In the current study, spring-back of DP980 steel sheet was numerically evaluated for U-bending using a yield function with a hardening model. For spring-back prediction, two types of yield functions - Hill'48 and Yld2000-2d - were considered. Additionally, isotropic hardening and the Yoshida-Uemori model were used to investigate the spring-back behavior. The parameters for each model were obtained from uniaxial tension, uniaxial tension-compression, uniaxial tension-unloading and hydraulic bulging tests. The numerical simulations were performed using the commercial software, PAM-STAMP 2G. The results were compared with experimental data from a U-bending process.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.494-499
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• 2009

The time-dependent constitutive law was utilized based on viscoelastic-plasticity to predict the time-dependent spring-back behavior of aluminum alloy 6022-T4 sheets. Besides nonlinear viscoelasticity, non-quadratic anisotropic yield function, Yld2000-2d, was used to account for the anisotropic yield behavior, while the combined isotropic-kinematic hardening law was used to represent the Bauschinger effect and transient hardening. For verification purposes, finite element simulations were performed for the draw-bending and the results were compared with experimental results.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.144-149
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• 2017

In order to characterize the macroscopic mechanical response of ultra-thin (0.1 mm thick) ferritic stainless steel sheet at various loading paths, a crystal plasticity finite element method (CP-FEM) was introduced. The accuracy of the prediction results was validated by comparing with the experimental data. Based on the results, the forming limit diagram (FLD) was predicted using a modified Marchinicak-Kuczinski model coupled to a non-quadratic anisotropic yield function, namely, Yld2000-2d. The predicted FLD was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.