• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1303-1310
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• 2019

Objectives: Drug-induced Parkinsonism has similar symptoms to Parkinson's disease, but each has different causes. Drug-induced Parkinsonism accounts for the largest proportion of secondary Parkinsonism We report a outpatient case of drug-induced Parkinsonism after taking Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic. Method: With discontinuing of antipsychotic drug, modified Yigan-san extract was administered for 12 weeks, and acupuncture and electroacupuncture procedures were performed 20 times. Results: Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) score decreased from 23 to 3 during 59 days of treatment period without adverse events and worsening of depression. The Patient was highly satisfied. Conclusion: Modified Yigan-san and electroacupuncture (GB34) can be used as an treatment option in patients with drug-induced Parkinsonism.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2024

Introduction: In this case report, we describe the clinical effectiveness of Yigan-san-gami in improving symptoms in a patient with worsening Alzheimer's dementia after COVID-19 infection. Case presentation: Symptoms of dementia worsened in a patient with Alzheimer's disease after COVID-19 infection. Western medicines were added following neurological consultation. However, there was no medicinal effect. The patient was treated with Korean medicine (Yigan-san-gami) three times a day. We used daily charts, the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination-2 (K-MMSE-2), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), and Short Version Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS) to assess the patient's symptoms. Cognitive decline and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) improved following the treatment with Yigan-san-gami. Conclusion: The results suggest that Yigan-san-gami may be effective in improving symptoms of Alzheimer's disease that worsen after COVID-19 infection.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.263-274
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• 2017

Objectives: To identify the current status of Korean medical practice pattern, diagnosis and treatment of dementia through recognition survey, and to use it as a preliminary data for various dementia research. Methods: Questionnaires were developed through expert meetings. The disease was defined as dementia and mild cognitive impairment, and areas were designated to practice pattern, diagnosis and treatment. From December 18, 2016-January 18, 2017, 221 respondents, including 36 neuropsychiatrists of Korean Medicine and 185 general physicians (including other medical specialists) were included. Results: 1. In both groups, the most commonly used KCD (Korean standard classification of disease and cause of death) were in the order of Unspecified Alzheimer's Dementia (F00.9), Mild Cognitive Impairment (F06.7), and Unspecified Dementia (F03). 2. The most commonly used pattern identification were zang-fu and qi-blood-yin-yang in both groups. 3. Diagnostic evaluation tools were mainly conducted by MMSE, radiologic examination, K-DRS, GDS and CDR in both groups. 4. Both groups reported using acupuncture and herbal medicine mainly. 5. In both groups, the acupuncture method was used extensively in the order of Body, Scalp, and Sa-Am. 6. Neuropsychiatrists used a variety of herbal medicines such as Wonjiseokchangpo-san (Yuanzhushichangpu-san), Yukmijihwang-tang (Liuweidihuang-tang), Palmijihwang-won (Baweidihuang-won), Sunghyangjungki-san (Xingxiang Zhengqi-san) and Ondam-tanggami (Wendan-tangjiawei). General physicians used a variety of herbal medicines such as Ondam-tanggami (Wendan-tangjiawei), Bojungikgi-tang (Buzhongyiqi-tang), Yukmijihwang-tang (Liuweidihuang-tang). 7. Neuropsychiatrists used a variety of Korean herbal preparation products (benefit and non-benefit) such as Ekgan-sangajinpibanha (Yigan-sanjiachenpibanxia), Yukmijihwang-tang (Liuweidihuang-tang), Jodeung-san (houteng-san), Palmijihwang-won (Baweidihuang-won). General physicians used a variety of Korean herbal preparation products such as Bojungikgi-tang (Buzhongyiqi-tang), Banhabaegchulcheonma-tang (banxiabaizhutianma-tang), Yukmijihwang-tang (Liuweidihuang-tang), Ekgan-sangajinpibanha (Yigan-sanjiachenpibanxia), Palmijihwang-won (Baweidihuang-won). Conclusions: By confirming awareness of Korean medical doctors treating dementia in clinical fields and understanding differences between neuropsychiatrists of Korean medicine and general physicians, it can be used to understand guideline users' needs and confirm clinical questions during development of future clinical practice guidelines for dementia.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.341-347
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• 2017

This case report presents a 31-year-old male intellectual disability patient with problem behavior such as food refusal and temper tantrums. He was treated with the Korean traditional herbal medicine (Yokukan-san-gami) continuously for 56 days. The effects of the treatment were measured by the frequency of his problem behavior and the score of the Korean version of Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). After treatment, his challenging behavior became reduced, and his ABC score had been decreased by 24.6%. The findings from this case suggest that the Korean traditional herbal medicine (Yokukan-san) could be effective for challenging behavior in patients with intellectual disabilities.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.381-388
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• 2016

Objective: This clinical study reports on the effect of Korean medicine on a patient with drug-induced Parkinsonism.Method: We used herbal medicine (Yigan-san), acupuncture, moxibustion, pharmacopuncture, and bee venom acupuncture to treat a patient with drug-induced Parkinsonism during hospitalization for 11 days. We observed the changes of symptoms using the unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS), the abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS), and the Beck depression inventory (BDI).Results: After treatment, the patient’s symptoms showed improvement in tremor, gait disturbance, and general condition. The UPDRS, AIMS, and BDI scores were also improved after treatment.Conclusion: This clinical case study suggests that traditional Korean medicine treatment could be effective in the treatment of drug-induced Parkinsonism.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.17-27
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• 2018

Objectives: Ukgan-san does not appear in Traditional Korean Medicine classics. However, it has been used in research and clinical applications in Korea. In this paper, we are aiming to examine the records concerned with Ukgan-san to the present, and announce the present usage state in Korea. Methods: We searched and summarized the contents of previous medical books about Ukgan-san. In order to investigate the current status of utilization of Ukgan-san in Korea, a bibliographic database of Korea, a database of clinical researches, and a database of pharmaceuticals of the Korea Food and Drug Administration were searched. Results: As a result of searching Ukgan-san related documents, Ukgan-san has been developed in China (Ming dynasty). However, its clinical application has been expanded by modern Japanese kampo medicine doctors. In Korea, cases of Parkinson's disease, other movement disorders, and psychiatric disorders have been reported, and randomized controlled trials had been done and planned. In addition, some extracts which are consisted of Ukgan-san are also available. Conclusions: In Korea, Ukgan-san has been influenced by Japan and has been used for clinical and research purposes. The utilization rate in Korea is still small, but the utilization rate will increase according to the results of clinical studies.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.287-293
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to report the clinical effectiveness of the complex Korean medicine therapy on a patient with BPSD (Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia) due to suspected Alzheimer's disease. Methods: We experienced an age 73 female who complained of a depressive mood, insomnia, and accompanying symptoms such as abnormal behavior. During treatment, the patient received acupuncture and herbal medicine. The clinical effects were evaluated through KGDS (Korean Form of Geriatric Depression Scale) and subjective statements of the patient. Results: After the complex Korean medicine therapy, the treatments ameliorated overall symptoms that the patient complained about. The patient was more positive and slept better after the treatment. No specificities or adverse effects were reported during treatment. Conclusions: This study suggests the possibility of treating patients with BPSD with complex Korean medicine therapy.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.178-191
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• 2013

Objectives : In this study, we made an effort to investigate the protective mechanism of Ukgan-san (UGS) extracts on hypoxia-induced C6 glial cell death. Methods : The cell viability was assessed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MMT) assay and cell morphological changes were analysed with microscope after staining with crystal violet (CV). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was assessed by flow cytometer after staining with 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA). We also analyzed expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) and p53, processing of procaspase-3 and procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) by western blot method. Results : We estimated the elevated cell viability by UGS extract on $CoCl_2$-induced C6 glial cells. UGS attenuated $CoCl_2$-induced ROS formation in C6 glial cells and also showed a protective activity compared to antioxidants and exhibited abrogation of LDH-released by $CoCl_2$. UGS suppressed the typical apoptotic cell death markers, caspase-3 and PARP activation. UGS inhibited $CoCl_2$-induced HIF-1${\alpha}$ expression which is known as a major regulator for hypoxia-induced cell death, and suppressed p53 expression. Conclusions : These results suggest that UGS extract contains protective constituents for hypoxia-induced C6 glial cell death.