• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제18권
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• pp.124-155
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• 1975

To obtain the fundamental informations on the varietal improvement of peanut and to study the ecological variations of the important agronomic traits and to the relationship between the traits studied, an investigation was made on varietal classification of 489 introduced on the basis of their morphological and ecological differences at Crop Experiment Station, Suweon in 1968, and the other study conducted at some location as above in 1969 was to investigate the ecological variations of the materials in accordance with changes of seeding date using classified varietal group under 5 different seeding times from April 16 to July 7 with twenty days interval. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Peanut varieties tested were classified into Spanish, Virginia Erect, Virginia Runner, Southeast Runner. Valencia and Semirunner, on the basis of plant type, flowering time, number of grains per pod and grain size. 2. Characteristics of varietal group classified are as followings. (1) Spanish; erect, small grained and early maturing type. (2) Virginia Erect; erect, large grained and late flowering type. (3) Virginia Runner; runner, large grained and late maturing type. (4) Southeast Runner; runner, small grained and early maturing type. (5) Valencia; erect, small grained and early flowering type with 3-4 grains per pod. (6) Semi runner; semirunner, large grained and late flowering type. 3. Flowering period in respective varietal group was consistently shorted by delayed seeding date and the degree of shortening was more serious in late flowering varietal group. 4. Number of branches per plant was generally decreased in late seeding date in respective group. However, Spanish and Virginia Runner exhibited lower number of branches in the first seeding rather than the second seeding and the lowest number of branches was found in Spanish while the highest were Virginia Erect in all seeding date. 5. Shelling ratio was high in Spanish and Southeast Runner in any seeding date and decreased remarkedly by seeding after May. 6. Number of pod per plant in all varietal groups was remarkedly decreased by delayed seeding date and the degree of decreasing was more serious in large grain varietal group. 7. The higher pod weight per plant was found in second seeding date rather than first seeding and pod weight per plant was decreased obviously in all late seeding after the second. Therefore, among the cultivars tested, Southeast Runner noted the highest pod weight per plant while Virginia Runner showed the lowest. 8. Grain number per plant expressed the similar tendency as the pod weight per plant but was low in large grain group and high in small grain group in all seeding date employed. 9. 100 grain weight was heaviest in second seeding and was decreased remarkedly after the second and even the first seeding date. 10. Yield per 10a noted considerable variations in accordance with seeding date in all groups classified. However, the yield was increased in second seeding date (May 7) and decreased in the others. 11. Length of main stem and branches were exceptionally decreased in the first seeding date compare to the second in Spanish while other varieties were tend to be same between the indicated seeding date, but. these two traits were strikingly decreased in all seeding after the second. This tendency, however, strongly suggested the importance of environmental effects on peanut growth in terms of their changes due to the different seeding date. 12. Highly significant positive correlations were showed between yield and yield componets such as pod weight per plant, 100 grain weight and the number of grains per plant in all varietal groups except, Virginia Runner. However, the other characters were almost not correlated with yield and differences in correlation coefficients among the seeding dates were found. 13. Path coefficients estimated for yield components to yield was higher in number of grains per plant pod weight per plant and 100 grain weight in terms of direct effect and the other components were negligible in all varietal groups. 14. Heritabilities estimated were generally high in pod number per plant, shelling ratio, 100 grain weights and number of grains per pod and the other traits were relatively low.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.395-405
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• 2003

In the conventional metallothermic reduction (MR) process for obtaining tantalum powder in batch-type operation. it is difficult to control morphology and location of deposits. On the other hand, a electronically mediated reaction (EMR) process is capable to overcome these difficulties and has a merit of continuous process, but it has the defect that the reduction yield is poor. MR-EMR combination process is a method that is able to overcome demerits of MR and EMR process. In this study, a MR-EMR combination process has been applied to the production of tantalum powder by sodium reduction of $K_2$TaF$_{7}$. The total charge passed through external circuit and average particle size (FSSS) were increased with increasing reduction temperature. The proportion of fine particle (-325 mesh) was decreased with increasing reduction temperature. The yield was improved from 65% to 74% with increasing reduction temperature. Considering the charge, impurities, morphology, particle size and yield, an reduction temperature of 1,123 K was found to be optimum temperature for MR-EMR combination process.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2005

In MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System), packaging induced stress or stress induced structure deformation becomes increasing concerns since it directly affects the performance of the device. In the decoupled vibratory MEMS gyroscope, the main factor that determines the yield rate is the frequency difference between the sensing and driving modes. The gyroscope, packaged using the anodic bonding at the wafer level and EMC (epoxy molding compound) molding, has a deformation of MEMS structure caused by thermal expansion mismatch. This effect results in large distribution in the frequency difference, and thereby a lower yield rate. To improve the yield rate we propose a packaged SiOG (Silicon On Glass) process technology. It uses a silicon wafer and two glass wafers to minimize the wafer warpage. Thus the warpage of the wafer is greatly reduced and the frequency difference is more uniformly distributed. In addition. in order to increase robustness of the structure against deformation caused by EMC molding, a 'crab-leg' type spring is replaced with a semi-folded spring. The results show that the frequency shift is greatly reduced after applying the semi-folded spring. Therefore we can achieve a more robust vibratory MEMS gyroscope with a higher yield rate.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.361-367
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• 2020

Researching the influence and role of CEO overconfidence to dividend policy is important for stock market investors. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the relationship between CEO overconfidence and dividend policy in industrial enterprises in Vietnam. Data collected from 222 industry enterprises listed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2018. Data is collected on financial statements of listed companies. GLS model with panel data is used to analyze regression results. The results show that CEO overconfidence has dividend yield higher than CEO non-overconfidence. At the same time, the dividend payout ratio of enterprises has no difference between CEO overconfidence and CEO non-overconfidence. The results also showed that revenue growth has a positive impact on dividend yield in small enterprises, but negative impact on dividend payout in large enterprises. Research results by firm size have similar results with the general analysis for all enterprises. At the same time, the analysis of ownership type shows that CEO overconfidence has a positive impact on dividend yield of non-state enterprises without affecting other types of enterprises. From these results, the authors also made a number of recommendations to help investors choose businesses to invest in accordance with their strategies.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

The soot yield has been studied by a premixed propane-oxygen-inert gas combustion in a specially designed disk-type constant-volume combustion chamber to investigate the effects of pressure, temperature and turbulence on soot formation. Premixtures are simultaneously ignited by eight spark plugs located on the circumference of chamber at 45 degree intervals in order to observe the soot formation under high pressures. The eight flames converged compress the end gases to a high pressure. The laser schlieren and direct flame photographs for observation field with 10 mm in diameter are taken to examine into the behaviors of flame front and gas flow in laminar and turbulent combustion. The soot volume fraction in the chamber center during the final stage of combustion at the highest pressure is measured by the in situ laser extinction technique and simultaneously the corresponding burnt gas temperature by the two-color pyrometry method. The pressure and temperature during soot formation are changed by varying the initial charge pressure and the volume fraction of inert gas compositions, respectively. It is found that the soot yield increases with dropping temperature and rising pressure at constant equivalence ratio, and that the soot yield of turbulent combustion decreases in comparison with that of laminar combustion because the burnt gas temperature increases with the drop of heat loss.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2022

[¹⁸F]FDG is known as the most widely used radiopharmaceutical in the imaging field of nuclear medicine worldwide. With the introduction of PET equipment, the demand for [¹⁸F]FDG has increased and the production volume has also increased. However, in order to increase production, the use of ¹⁸F radioisotope must be increased or [¹⁸F]FDG must be synthesized in high yield. Therefore, in order to meet the high yield and purity of radiopharmaceuticals, a radiopharmaceutical automatic synthesizer was required. As the use of [¹⁸F]FDG increased, automated synthesizer manufacturers supplied various types of radiopharmaceutical automated synthesizers to the market. In this study, we developed a commercialized [¹⁸F]FDG radiopharmaceutical automatic synthesizer (sCUBE FDG) using a disposable cassette type that complies with GMP developed by FutureChem, a leading radiopharmaceutical company. We used sCUBE FDG to verify the production process, radiopharmaceutical's quality (radiochemical purity, etc.), and radiochemical yield of [¹⁸F]FDG. As a result of optimizing the automatic synthesis process and synthesizing a total of 30 times, the production time was 35 ± 3 minutes and the average production yield was 65.6%.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.290-294
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• 2002

The present work describes the improvement of an erythritol-producing strain to lower the formation of glycerol, which is a characteristic by-product of the strain and could cause difficulties in the recovery and purification of the final product. The yeast-like fungi Moniliella suaveolens var. nigra, isolated previously in the same laboratory from beehives, was mutated by exposing it to a 4 g/L NTG solution. From a total of 2000 mutated strains, Em6j30-14 was selected as the one having the most desirable properties. Cultivating the strain for seven days in 300 mL flasks containing 30 mL of a 400 g/L glucose medium resulted in an erythritol yield of 43%. The glycerol yield was 5%, which is a value 50% lower as compared with the wild type. However, attempts to reproduce the above results in a 5L-fermenter failed, resulting in a similar erythritol concentration but a much higher formation of glycerol. Possible reasons for such a different behaviour could be oxygen limitation or the aggregation of cells, but the exact mechanism could not yet be identified. Foam formation, which is another major problem in large-scale fermentation, tended to be much lower for the mutant strain.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.41-44
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• 2001

This study aimed to identify the flowering and fruiting characteristics of 2 varieties (Chunpoong and Yunpoong), 3 superior lines (KG103, KG104, KG105) and Hwangsookjong selected for development of varieties of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. The flowering date of Yunpoong and KG103 line showed earlier than any other lines or variety. Fertility ratio of KG104 was higher than others and the lowest with KG103 showing over 60% in all varieties and lines tested. On the fruiting type of lines, ratio of single ovary type of Chunpoong and KG105 was higher than double ovary type while Yunpoong, KG104 and Hwangsookjong were formed more double ovary type. Seed yield of KG104 per stem was the highest but Yunpoong showed the highest per kan (90 ${\times}$ 180 cm). Seed size of KG103 was the biggest among the lines tested, meanwhile that of Chunpoong and Hwangsookjong were smaller.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1997

Appropriation of partial substitution of concentrate mixture by urea-molasses-mineral block (UMMB) lick supplements for 20 lactating crossbred cows in 2nd and 3nd lactation was studied. Animals fed on wheat straw ad lib. and Berseem (Trifolium alaxandrium) fodder @ 1.5 kg/d on dry matter basis. Animals of control group were given concentrate supplement, while in treatment groups 10% of the concentrate requirement was substituted with 3 different types of UMMB lick type A ($T_1$), type B ($T_2$) and type C ($T_3$). CP content of the ration was 15%. Total dry matter intake (DMI) was about 1.0 kg/kg of fat corrected milk (FCM) yield and was not significantly different between control and treatment groups. Digestibility of neither proximate principles nor cell wall constituents were deviated on UMMB licks partial supplementation. FCM yield was increased by 140, 410 and 460 g/d, in $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$, respectively, in comparison to control group but differences were statistically invalid. Though fat per cent was reduced, fat yields were remain constant among treatments. Milk composition was unaltered except significant difference (p < 0.01) in non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content. Gross-N and digestible-N conversion was significantly higher (p < 0.01) with $T_1$, $T_2$ and $T_3$ than control group. Energy utilization efficiency for milk production was only 36%. Result demonstrated that UMMB licks could be partial supplemented up to 10% of the concentrate requirement of crossbred cows yielding on an average 14kg/d without any adverse effect on feed intake, nutrient utilization and mild production. Comparatively, UMMB lick type B and C was proved better than type A and also economically viable.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1987

These experiments were conducted at the upland of Livestock Farm, Seoul National University, Suweon to determine the growth characteristics, winter-hardiness and forage yield of selected southern and northern-types of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) in comparison with the Korean native rye over two seasons, 1977-78 and 1980-8 1. During the 1977-78 season, most southern-type rye varieties except Explorer and Abruzzi headed 2 to 6 days earlier than the Korean native rye and 6 to 10 days earlier than northerntype rye varieties Rymin and Puma, while in 1980-81 southern-type rye varieties headed 5 to 7 days earlier than the Korean native rye, therefore, the Korean native rye seemed to be medium in maturity. There were no significant differences in winter-hardiness among different rye varieties with the exception of the lowest winter survivals of Wintergrazer 70, Explorer and triticale, and Gator, Explorer and Florida Black during the 1977-78 and 1980-8 1 seasons, respectively. Southern-type rye varieties tended to yield more forage than northern-type and the Korean native rye varieties when harvest was made in the later part of April. During 1977-78 season, Vita-Graze, Elbon and Athens Abruzzi rye varieties produced significantly more forage than the Korean native rye, but in 1980-81 Wrens Abruzzi rye produced significantly more forage than the Korean native rye. Based on the results of the two seasons, southern-type rye varieties,Vita-Graze, Athens Abruzzi, Elbon and Wrens Abruzzi could be recommended as a source of green forage for livestock in April in middle-northern parts of Korea.