• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.231-237
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• 1994

Three concentrations of P (0.33, 0.43 and 0.54%) and two concentrations of Ca (0.60 and 0.97%) in ration dry matter were evaluated for effects on dry matter intake and on milk yield and composition using 24 Holstein cows. Cows were arranged in a $3{\times}2$ factorial experiment as an incomplete randomized block design with three 28-day periods. Each cow consumed at least one ration with each concentration of Ca. Dry matter intake, yield of 3.5% Fat Corrected Milk, and milk composition were not affected by concentration of P, but milk yield was greater when lowest concentration of P was fed (22.8 vs. 22.1 kg/day; p<0.07). Cows fed rations containing 0.60% Ca had greater milk (22.7 vs. 21.9 kg/day; p<0.02) and 3.5% Fat Corrected Milk yields (p<0.03) and slightly greater protein content than when fed 0.97% Ca. Dietary Ca:P ratios between 1.1:1 and 2.9:1 had no effect on dry matter intake, milk yield, or composition. Concentrations of P in plasma were within the normal range for all rations. Because cows had high dry matter intake, mean daily intakes of both P and Ca were greater than required for their level of milk yield.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2333-2337
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• 2007

The practical studies on the method of particle contamination control for yield enhancement in the cleanroom were carried out. The method of the contamination control was considered, which is composed of data collection, data analysis, improvement action, verification, and implement control. The composition analysis for data collection and data analysis was used in the cellular phone module packaging lines. And this method was evaluated by the variation of yield loss between before and after improvement action. In case that the composition analysis was applied, the critical sources were selected and yield loss reduction through improvement actions was also investigated. From these results, it is concluded that the composition analysis is effective solutions for particle contamination control in the cleanroom.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.433-438
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• 2005

This investigation was undertaken in order to elicit the relationship between the extent of ultrafiltration processing of whey and its effect on composition and yield of resultant whey protein concentrate (WPC). Cheddar cheese whey was fractionated through ultrafiltration to an extent of 70, 80, 90, 95, 97.5% and 97.5% volume reduction followed by I stage and II stage diafiltration. After each level of ultrafiltration, the composition of WPC was monitored. Similarly, the initial whey was adjusted to 3.0, 6.2 and 7.0 pH levels and ultrafiltration was carried out to elicit the effect of pH of ultrafiltration on the composition. Further, initial whey was adjusted to different levels of whey protein content ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 per cent and subjected to ultrafiltration to different levels. The various range of retentate obtained were further condensed and spray dried in order to assess the yield of WPC per unit volume of whey used and the quantity of whey required to produce unit weight of product. With the progress of ultrafiltration, there was a progressive increase in protein content and decrease in lactose and ash content. The regression study led to good relationships with $R^2$ values of more than 0.95 between the extents of permeate removed and the resultant changes in composition of each of the constituents. Whey processed at pH 3.0 had significantly a very low ash content and high protein content as compared to processing at 6.2 and 7.0. The yield of WPC per unit volume of whey varied significantly with the initial protein content. Higher initial protein content led to higher yield of all ranges of WPC and the quantity of whey required per unit weight of spray dried WPC significantly reduced. Regression equations establishing the relationship between initial protein content of whey and the yield of various types of WPC have been derived with very high $R^2$ values of 0.99. This study revealed that, the yield and composition of whey can be monitored strictly by controlling the processing parameters and WPC can be produced depending on the food formulation requirement.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.957-967
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• 2016

The present study was conducted to investigate effect of dietary protected amino acid on milk yield and composition in dairy cow using meta-analysis. Total 21 research papers were employed in analysis, and mixed model was used for the analysis of effects. Effect of protected methionine (PM) and combination of protected methionine and lysine (PML) were investigated under two different levels of dietary crude protein (CP, <18% and >18%). For performance of dairy cow, milk yield, milk composition including milk fat and protein content and yield and 4% FCM (fat corrected milk) production were used for analysis. In case of milk yield, a trend of increment was found at PM supplementation at low CP (P=0.055). However, the effect of PM at high CP was detected as not significant (P>0.05). In case of milk protein, inclusion of PM at low CP showed significant decrement (P<0.05). However, there was no significant effect of MP on milk protein at high CP (P>0.05). Supplementation of MP at high CP level showed significant increment of milk fat (P<0.05). MP supplementation represented significant increment of 4% FCM production (P<0.05) regardless of dietary CP levels. Effects of PML on milk yield and composition at both of low and high dietary CP were not significant in this study. However, it seem to be that there was a possible positive effect of MPL application at high dietary CP on performance of dairy cow.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 1989

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of animal stable manure on the dry matter yield, botanical composition, crude protein content rates, in vitro digestibility and soil characters with treatments, which were divided into cattle manure, swine manure and poultly excreta of 375 and 750kg/lOa, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. A comparison made on the grass yield for one year period following the termination of the experiment did not indicate any signification in the yield of dry matter difference between chemical fertilizer treatment and 750kg/10a of organic manure. 2. Botanical composition was not shown an increasing of weed or bare land in organic manure of 375 and 750kg/lOa application during the whole period of growth. 3. Crude protein content and in vitro digestibility were shown an increasing tendency according to the increase of organic manure application. 4. Crude protein yield in organic manure of 750kg/10a was not a large difference compared with chemical fertilizer treatment. 5. Soil composition of organic manure had higher than the soil composition of chemical fertilizer treatment, which was shown an increasing tendency according to the increase of organic manure. 6. Therefore, It was suggested that the effect of organic manure on dry matter yield, botanical composition was similar to chemical fertilizer treatment and soil composition of organic manure had higher organic matter, available phosphate, potassium and C.E.C than the soil composition of chemical fertilizer treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2004

The effect of eight varieties of grain and forage type whole crop rice (Oryza sativa L Japonica) each harvested at four stages of maturity were investigated for morphology and yield, proportion of botanical fractions, fermentatability and chemical composition in an $8{\times}4$ factorial experiment. All crops were sown in 1997 at Saitama Prefecture, Japan under identical condition and harvested on 10, 22, 34 and 45 days after flowering in 1998. Total DM yield of forage type varieties was similar to that of the highest yield of grain type varieties. However, while yield of forage type varieties was attributed to higher proportion of straw than head, the reverse was in the case of grain type varieties. Yield in line with the proportion of head increased (p<0.001), but in contrast proportion of straw decreased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. Silage fermentability of grain type varieties was better than forage type varieties. Fermentability improved with the increase (p<0.001) in maturity suggesting that the moisture content should be reduced to improve fermentation quality. Forage type varieties contained higher (p<0.001) ash, crude fat (EE), organic cell wall (OCW) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), but contained lower crude protein (CP), organic cell content (OCC), CP in OCC and nitrogen-free cell wall extract (NCWFE) than the grain type varieties. The ash, CP, EE, Oa (60% digestible OCW), Ob (40% digestible OCW), OCW, ADF and acid detergent lignin (ADL) decreased (p<0.001), but OCC and NCWFE increased (p<0.001) with the increase in maturity. It is concluded that stage of maturity not only increases yield and proportion of head, but also improved the fermentation quality and increases quality chemical composition (except CP) of whole crop rice. Forage type varieties may be as good as grain type varieties in terms of yield, but fermentation quality and chemical composition may not be as good as that of grain type varieties.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing additional sucrose, in the form of black sugar (BS), into the diet of Holstein dairy cows on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, and milk composition. Eight Holstein dairy cows ($741{\pm}65.8kg$ body weight) were divided into two groups, including the control and BS groups. Animals in the control group were offered a total mixed ration (TMR) ad libitum, and the BS group was offered TMR with 300 g of BS/head/d. After two weeks of adaptation period, the animal performance, including DMI, milk yield and milk composition, was measured. Cows supplemented with BS appeared to consume more feed than that by the controls (i.e., 17.08 and 18.28 kg/d for the control and BS groups, respectively). However, there were no significant differences between treatments. Milk yield or milk composition, such as milk fat, milk protein, lactose, solids-non-fat, total solids and pH, did not differ between treatments. However, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the concentration of milk urea nitrogen (MUN). The MUN concentration of the BS group was approximately 15% lower than that of the control group (i.e., 18.75 vs. 16.05 mg/dL for the control and BS groups, respectively), which suggests improved nitrogen metabolism in the animals. The somatic cell count was numerically lower in the cows of the BS group compared to those in the control group. However, a significant difference was not noted due to the substantial amount of variation among cows. In terms of the trace mineral composition for milk, the concentration of Cu from BS animals was higher (p<0.05) than that of the control animals. In summary, supplementing the diets of dairy cows with BS marginally affected animal performance and improved nitrogen metabolism. The level of supplementation and other factors, such as animal variation were discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to compare chemical composition, TDN yield of corn-soybean intercropping and corn monocropping forage plants at different harvesting time and obtained the following results. 1. In both cropping systems, the content of chemical composition of forage were changed same pattern in growing stage. The content of crude protein in corn-soybean intercropping forage at yellow stage increased more than that of corn nonocropping forage, while the crude fat in corn monocropping forage plants increased than that of corn-soybean intercropping forage plants at mature stage. 2. The crude fiber, crude ash, ADF content of forage plants in both cropping system decreased same pattern in growing period, however, NFE content of forage increased with maturity. 3. TDN yield of corn-soybean intercropping and corn monocropping forage plants at yellow stage obtained similar results and TDN yield per 10a in intercropping and monocropping were 1006.lkg and 978.6kg, respectively. 4. Consequently, corn-soybean interaopping system could be increased crude protein yield without decreasing of dry matter yield in comparison with corn monocropping system for corn silage.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.31 no.6 s.261
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• pp.522-530
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• 2007

The practical studies on the method of particle contamination control for yield enhancement in the cleanroom were carried out. The method of the contamination control was proposed, which are composed of data collection, data analysis, improvement action, verification, and implement control. The partition check method and the composition analysis for data collection and data analysis were respectively used in the main board and the cellular phone module production lines. And these methods were evaluated by the variation of yield loss between before and after improvement action. In case that the partition check method was applied, the critical process step was selected and yield loss reduction through improvement actions was observed. While in case that the composition analysis was applied, the critical sources were selected and yield loss reduction through improvement actions was also investigated. From these results, it is concluded that the partition check and the composition analysis are effective solutions for particle contamination control in the cleanroom production lines.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.305-316
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• 2013

The strategy for increasing the palatability of Hanwoo beef through fattening could lead to a decline in yield grade. The aim of this study was to examine the meat quality traits of Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle from carcasses of Hanwoo steers at different yield grades. A total of 246 Hanwoo steers was divided into the following yield grades: A (n=77), B (n=76) and C (n=93). Meat quality traits, including proximate composition, cholesterol content, nucleotide content, dipeptide content, creatine and creatinine, free amino acid content, fatty acid composition, instrumental meat color, pH, water holding capacity, drip loss, cooking loss, and sensory qualities of the LD muscle from the 3 yield grades of Hanwoo carcasses were measured. The decline in yield grade from A to C resulted in an increase in crude fat and cholesterol content as well as a decrease in inosine 5'-monophosphate and aspartic acid in the LD muscle (p<0.05). In terms of fatty acid composition, the LD muscle from yield grade A had higher SFA and PUFA and lower MUFA content than that from yield grade C (p<0.05). However, the ratio of PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 did not differ among LD muscles from the 3 yield grades. There were no significant differences among other meat quality traits in relation to the yield grade. In conclusion, we suggest that the changes of substances related with health and flavor can be considered in order to obtain better quality Hanwoo beef.