• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.639-645
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• 2016

Yeongjong-do is seventh largest island in the west coast of Korea which is 4.8 km away in the direction of south-west from Incheon. The mudflat area around the Yeongjong-do has variable dimension according to tide level. In addition, Yeongjong-do is important area with high environmental value as wintering sites for migratory birds. The mudflat of Yeongjong-do is also meaningful region because it is used as place of education and tourist attraction. But, there are increasing concerns about preservation of mudflat area caused by artificial development such as land reclamation project and Incheon airport construction. In this paper, mudflat area was detected using Landsat 7 ETM+ images that United States Geological Survey (USGS) is providing the data in 16 days period. The false color composite was made from band 7, 5, and 3 that could dividing boundary between water and land for the purpose of appearance of boundary line in mudflat region. This area was calculated using results of classification based on false color composite images and was digitized through repetitive algorithm during research of period. Therefore, the change of northeastern area in Yeongjong-do was detected according to tide level during 16 years from 2000 to 2015 on the basis of providing period at tide station. This paper will expect as indicator for range of area in same tide level prior to the start of the research for preservation of mudflat. It will be also scientific grounds about change of mudflat area caused by artificial development.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.15-25
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify the environment of optimal location of the dwelling (hereafter referred as dwelling site) in the Neolithic Age found in Unseo-dong relics group, Yeongjong-do, Incheon from the geographical and geomorphological perspectives. For this purpose, micro-landform, altitude, gradient, distance from the river of water available for use and the difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use based on change of dwelling site over periods were analyzed targeting ground surface of hills where individual dwelling sites (a total of 68 sites) discovered in investigation area so far. As a result, it was shown that the Upper sideslope were selected as the primary dwelling location standard in investigation area where the Neolithic people lived upon selecting the dwelling site (or settlement). In addition, the ground surface of dwelling site had the altitude of 21-31m and slope of $5-10^{\circ}$ (gentle slope) as the secondary and it had distance of 514-549m from the river of water available for use and difference of 11-23m between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use. Thus, it was shown that the space to get water relatively easy from two places at the same time was the secondary dwelling location standard.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.109-118
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to clarify the optimum locational environment of Neolithic Age and Bronze Age dwelling sites in Yeongjong-do, Incheon in terms of geographical characteristics. To make this possible, the micro-landform location environment of individual dwelling sites has been analyzed targeting 145 dwelling sites of Neolithic Age and 47 dwelling sites of Bronze Age in which quantitative analysis is possible among the dwelling sites verified in the investigation area until now. As a result, the micro-landform of hills where Neolithic Age and Bronze Age dwelling sites are crowded the most has been determined as the upper side hollow (64 dwelling sites, 44.1%) and the crest slope (39 dwelling sites, 83%), respectively. This means that the optimum locational environment of dwelling sites has been changed as the times have progressed from Neolithic Age to Bronze Age in the investigation area and the location of micro-landform of hills also where dwelling sites are located also has relatively moved up a little seen in terms of geographical perspective.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.12-15
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• 2003

Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources(KIGAM) is operating Wonju Korea Seismic Research Station(KSRS), 29 regional seismic research stations and 5 Korea-China joint seismic stations in China. Also KIGAM is operating Korea Earthquake Monitoring System (KEMS) to archive the real-time data stream and to determine event parameters (epicenter, origin time, and magnitude) by the automatic processing and analyst review. To do this, KEMS used KIGAM's regional seismic network and other institute's network in a near real-time base. From Dec. 1, 2001 to Nov. 30, 2002, 3,827 seismic events were analyzed in a automatic processing procedure and finally 3,437 events were analyzed by analyst and archived. But problem is this event catalog includes not only natural earthquake, but also artificial events produced by the blast. More than 80 % events were concentrated in daytime and many events were concentrated in the confirmed blast sites, Pyeongyang, Pocheon, Yeongjong-do, Donghae city, etc. Because these artificial events are a major potential cause of error when estimating the seismicity of a specific region, discrimination procedure has to be developed in the first place.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.55-68
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• 2012

The west seacoast has approximately 83% of tidal flat in Korea. Gyeonggi-do and Inchon has 35.1%. This study was carried out to understand depositional environment and properties of tidal deposits that distributed in the Gyeonggi bay. On the basis of observation and description on mineralogical, geochemical, physical properties, detailed sedimentary unit has been respectively distinguished Based on. stratigraphic position, facies and unconformity, the intertidal zones are classified into four sedimentary units, and bedrock over the units has been developed in the order of Unit 4${\rightarrow}$Unit 3${\rightarrow}$Unit 2${\rightarrow}$Unit 1. The intertidal sediment deposits of Gyeonggi Bay were compared with those of west coast. In Cheongra area all strata of Unit 4-Unit 3-Unit 2-Unit 1 appear. In Yeongjong-do Unit 2-Unit 1, in Incheon Bridge and Songdo area Unit 4-Unit 3-Unit 1 are observed. In Daesan area Unit 4-Unit 3-Unit 1 are observed. Average clay mineral content ratio is 8.2% in Cheongra area, 2.9% in Yeongjong Island, 18.4% in Incheon Bridge, 24.6% in Songdo area.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.173-185
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• 2012

Authors performed pollen analysis in deposits at a coastal plain at Yeongjong-do Island located in Incheon, South Korea. Sampling site (7.2 m a.s.l.) belongs to the cool temperate deciduous broad-leaf forest. Environmental changes since 8,900 yrs B.P. reconstructed from pollen analysis are as follows; JS-I stage (c.a. 8,900~8,500 yrs B.P. ) was cool temperate northern mixed-forest which is comparable to the early PostGlacial pollen stage RI in Japan, in which Pinus and Quercus were dominant and Abies and Picea were also found. At that time, climate was relatively cooler and dryer than today. JS-II stage (sometime between 8,500~4,000 yrs B.P.) was Pinus-dominant coniferous forest, which is comparable to the mid-Post-Glacial pollen stage RII. Mixed forest of Pinus, Quercus and Carpinus was dominant in JS-III stage (c.a. 4,000 yrs B.P). We assumed that JS-II and JS-III stage were relatively warmer and more humid than JS-I stage, and were more like present conditions. JS-IV stage (sometime between 4,000~900 yrs B.P.) was Pinus-dominant coniferous forest which is comparable to the late Post-Glacial pollen stage RIII. JS-V stage (c.a. 900 yrs B.P. ~present) was second growth Pinus-dominant coniferous forest stage. During the last stage, non-arboreal pollen was more common than arboreal pollen and Fagopyrum appeared among the herbaceous plant, which indicates that it is comparable to the RIIIb stage which was the age of human interference. From the JS-V stage, humans in the study site started agricultural activities.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2009

Two naturalized species, Glyceria declinata $Br{\acute{e}}b$. and Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. are herein newly reported from Korea. Glyceria declinata, 'Yu-Reop-Yuk-Jeol-Bo-Ri-Pul', was found along the Seomjin River, Gurye-eup, Gurye-gun, Jeollanam-do, as well as along the Gwangjucheon River, Sa-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju. It is distinguished from G. acutiflora by spikelets 15-20mm long and obtuse lemma. Puccinellia distans, "Cheo-Jin-Mi-Kku-Ri-Gwang-I", was found in Yeongjong Island, Incheon, Yongyu Island, Incheon and Chojijin, Ganghwa-gun. It is distinguished from P. nipponica by lemmas 1.8-2.5mm long, ligule 1-2mm long and the lower branches of panicle usually reflexed after anthesis.

• ALGAE
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.317-329
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• 2022

Carotenoids are effective antioxidants that are found in various photosynthetic organisms. Marine microalgae are an advantageous bioresource for carotenoid production because they do not compete with other crops for freshwater and arable land. This study reports a newly isolated Dunaliella strain from the Geumhong Saltpan on Yeongjong Island, West Sea, Korea. The new strain was isolated and classified as Dunaliella salina through phylogenetic analysis and was named the OH214 strain (Deposit ID: KCTC14434BP). The newly isolated strain can survive in a wide range of NaCl concentrations (0.3-5.0 M NaCl), but grows well in 0.6 to 1.5 M NaCl culture medium. Under high-light conditions (500 ± 10 μmol photons m^-2 s^-1), the cells accumulated three times more β-carotene than under low-light conditions (50 ± 5 μmol photons m^-2 s^-1). The cells accumulated 2.5-fold more β-carotene under nitrogen-deficient (1 mM KNO₃) conditions (3.24 ± 0.36 ㎍ 10⁶ cells^-1) than in nitrogen-sufficient conditions (>5 mM KNO₃). The lutein content under nitrogen-deficient conditions (1.73 ± 0.09 ㎍ 10⁶ cells^-1) was more than 24% higher than that under nitrogen-sufficient conditions. Under the optimized culture condition for carotenoid induction using natural seawater, D. salina OH214 strain produced 7.97 ± 0.09 mg g DCW^-1 of β-carotene and 4.65 ± 0.18 mg g DCW^-1 of lutein, respectively. We propose that this new microalga is a promising strain for the simultaneous production of β-carotene and lutein.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.68-80
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• 2021

This study aimed to provide basic data such as the structure of the Carpinus turczaninowii community and characteristics of the habitat environment for ex situ conservation by analyzing the plant community structure of Carpinus turczaninowii, an island plant resource. For the community structure analysis, this study established 29 plots, sized 100㎡ each, in Seokmo, Yeongjong, Yeongheung, and Daebu islands. TWINSPAN was used for the classification of communities. The classification identified six communities. Group I was the C. turczaninowii-Quercus serrata community, group II was the C. turczaninowii-Pinus densiflora community, group III was the C. turczaninowii-Quercus mongolica community, group IV was the C. turczaninowii-Sorbus alnifolia community, group V was the C. turczaninowii typical community, and group VI was the C. turczaninowii-Quercus variabilis community. The species diversity was 0.90008~1.12868, the dominance was 0.17536~0.25665, and the similarity index was 17.1429~38.2979%. The result of correlation analysis of 7 environmental factors for 6 communities by RDA ordination showed a positive correlation between the crown density and litter layer and a negative correlation between the bare rock, soil hardness, and altitude on the 1st axis. On the 2nd axis, the bare rock and crown density showed a positive correlation, and the slope showed a negative correlation. In the C. turczaninowii-Quercus serrata community (I), the crown density and the litter layer were the environmental factors affecting the vegetation distribution. In the C. turczaninowii-Pinus densiflora (II) and C. turczaninowii-Quercus mongolica (III) communities, the slope was the factor affecting vegetation distribution. In the C. turczaninowii-Sorbus alnifolia (IV), C. turczaninowii typical (V), and C. turczaninowii-Quercus variabilis (VI) communities, the bare rock, altitude, and soil hardness were the factors affecting vegetation distribution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.13-29
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• 2021

A 3-D hydrodynamic model is applied in the Han River Estuary system, Gyeonggi Bay, to understand the mechanisms of salt transport. The model run is conducted for 245 days (January 20 to September 20, 2020), including dry and wet seasons. The reproducibility of the model about variation of current velocity and salinity is validated by comparing model results with observation data. The salt transport (FS) is calculated for the northern and southern part of Yeomha channel where salt exchange is active. To analyze the mechanisms of salt transport, FS is decomposed into three components, i.e. advective salt transport derived from river flow (QfS0), diffusive salt transport due to lateral and vertical shear velocity (FE), and tidal oscillatory salt transport due to phase lag between current velocity and salinity (FT). According to the monthly average salt transport, the salt in both dry and wet seasons enters through the southern channel of Ganghwa-do by FT. On the other hand, the salt exits through the eastern channel of Yeongjong-do by QfS0. The salt at Han River Estuary enters towards the upper Han River by FT in dry season, whereas that exits to the open sea by QfS0 in wet season. As a result, mechanisms of salt transport in the Han River Estuary depend on the interaction between QfS0 causing transport to open sea and FT causing transport to the upper Han River.