• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2023

Leuzea chinensis (S. Moore) Susanna (Asteraceae), a previously unrecorded species in Korea, was found in Yeongdeok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do. Symplocos nakaharae (Hayata) Masam. (Symplocaceae), which had been recorded in the literature but whose native habitat was yet to be identified, was found in Geojedo Island, Gyeongsangnam-do. It was confirmed that Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. (Onagraceae) grew naturally on the islands of Jeollanam-do. Detailed morphological descriptions and geographical distribution of the three taxa are provided.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.153-171
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• 2018

This study focuses on the investigation of geologic distribution and stratigraphy in the eastern part of Yeongdeok-gun, based on Lidar imaging, detailed field survey, microscopic observations, SHRIMP and LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb age dating, and a new geological map has been created. The stratigraphy of the study area is composed of the Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks consisting of banded gneisses of sedimentary origin and schists ($1841.5{\pm}9.6Ma$) of volcanic origin, Triassic Yeongdeok plutonic rocks ($249.1{\pm}2.3Ma$) and Pinkish granites ($242.4{\pm}2.4Ma$), Jurassic Changpo plutonic rocks ($193.2{\pm}1.9Ma{\sim}188.8{\pm}2.0Ma$) and Fine-grained granites ($192.9{\pm}1.7Ma$), Formations [Gyeongjeongdong Fm, Ullyeonsan Fm. (~108 Ma), Donghwachi Fm.] of the Early Cretaceous Gyeongsang Supergroup and acidic volcanic rocks and dykes erupted and intruded in the Late Cretaceous, Miocene intrusive rhyolitic tuffs ($23.1{\pm}0.2Ma{\sim}22.97{\pm}0.13Ma$) and sedimentary rocks of the Yeonghae basin, and the Quaternary sediments. The Triassic Pinkish granites, Jurassic Changpo plutonic rocks and Fine-grained granites are newly defined plutonic rocks in this study. Miocene intrusive rhyolitic tuffs bounded by the Yangsan Fault, which was first discovered in the north of Pohang city, are believed to play an important role in the understanding of the Miocene volcanic activity and the crustal deformation history on the Korean Peninsula. It is confirmed that The NNE-SSW-striking Yangsan Fault penetrating the central part of the study area and branch faults are predominant in the dextral movement and cutting all strata except the Quaternary sediments.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Investigations of distribution status and extinction threat evaluation of the Korean endemic species, Iksookimia yongdokensis were undertaken from 2017 to 2018. Among the 22 streams and 97 sampling sites investigated during the study period, samples of I. yongdokensis were collected from 9 streams at 37 sites (from Daejongcheon Stream of Gyeongju-si to Songcheon Stream of Yeongdeok-gun). The appearance of I. yongdokensis was relatively common in streams such as Hyeongsangang River (15 stations), Yeongdeok Oshipcheon Stream (4 stations), Gokgangcheon Stream (4 stations), Chuksancheon Stream (3 stations) and Daejongcheon Stream (3 stations). The main habitat of I. yongdokensis was in pools on flat-land in streams of clean water with slow velocity, and with pebble, gravel and sand bottoms. Previous records of the appearance of I. yongdokensis, indicate they were first seen at seven stations including Jangsacheon Stream, but they were not present in Songcheon Stream. Compared to our results there is evidence as noted for a 38.9% reduction in occupancy within 3 generations (10.5 years), and a decline inhabitat quality. Therefore, I. yongdokensis is now considered vulnerable (VU A2ace) based on the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. The main reasons for the decline were assumed to be dry weathering in the river, the introduction and diffusion of exotic fish species Micropterus salmoides, and river refurbishment project.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.350-356
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• 2014

Bobsikhae and Bellflower tea-added Bobsikhae samples were prepared. Their general ingredients and useful ingredients were analyzed. Among the general ingredients of the two samples, the crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, and carbonhydrate contents, but not the water, were found to have been higher in the Bellflower tea-added Bobsikhae. To summarize all the results of this study by comparing Bobsikhae with Bellflower tea-added Bobsikhae that used the Bellflower root with edible and medicinal values, their general ingredient contents were similar, but the lactic acid bacteria all tended to be higher in the Bellflower tea-added Bobsikhae. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the overall taste and general acceptability were better in the Bellflower tea-added Bobsikhae than in the Bobsikhae. Thus, the Bellflower tea-added Bobsikhae is considered ideal for further commercialization. However, it was determined that further studies will be required to show if the bioactive substance would be influenced by the fermentation in the production progress of the Bellflower tea. Such findings and their application to the product development are expected to contribute much to the popularization of Bobsikhae.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1397-1405
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• 2010

Mass mortalities of cultivated organisms have occurred frequently in Korean coastal waters causing enormous losses to cultivating industry. The preventive measures require continuous observation of farm environment and real-time provision of data. However, line hanging aquaculture farm are generally located far from monitoring buoys and has limitations on installation of heavy equipments. Substituting battery pack for solar panels and miniaturizing size of buoy, newly developed system can be attached to long line hanging aquaculture farm. This system could deliver measured data to users in real-time and contribute to damage mitigation and prevention from mass mortalities as well as finding their causes. The system was installed off Gijang and Yeongdeck in Korea, measuring and transmitting seawater temperature at the sea surface every 30 minutes. Short term variation of seawater temperature, less than one day, in Gijang from June to July 2009 corresponded tidal period of about 12 hours and long term variation seemed to be caused by cold water southeast coast of Korea, particularly northeast of Gijang. Seawater temperature differences between Gijang station and the other station that is about 500 m away from Gijang station were $1^{\circ}C$ on average. This fact indicates that it is need to be pay attention to use substitute data even if it is close to the station. Daily range of seawater temperature, one of crucial information to aquaculture, can be obtained from this system because temperature were measured every 30 minutes. Averages of daily range of temperature off Gijang and Yeongdeok during each observation periods were about $2.9^{\circ}C$ and $4.7^{\circ}C$ respectively. Dominant period of seawater temperature variation off Yeongdeok was one day with the lowest peak at 5 a.m. and the highest one at 5 p.m. generally, resulting from solar radiation.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.122-137
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to present the characteristics of tree growth and the status of the ecosystem in Yeongdeok Docheon-ri Docheon forest, which was designated as Natural Monument No. 514. Results showed that most of the soil properties were generally within desirable levels except for some properties. The forest was composed of 503 trees. Major trees included Zelkova serrata, Celtis sinensis, Cornus walteri, Diospyros lotus, Hemiptelea davidii, and Evodia daniellii. In particular, trees such as Zelkova serrata, Celtis sinensis, and Cornus walteri showed D.B.H ranging from 10cm to 70cm. These trees appeared to be major tree species since the beginning of Docheon forest's existence. The wild birds observed from the site were from 18 families, 20 species, and 95 individuals. Also were found 1 mammal species, 1 reptile species, and 1 amphibian species. A dead Aix galericulata (designated Natural Monument No. 327) was found in the forest. The annual tree diameter growth of the sample trees was 2.3mm per year on average. The average age of the overstory trees was approximately 101 years, and the oldest tree was estimated to be 300~400 years old.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.142-154
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• 2023

As the importance of the environment has been recognized worldwide, the need to calculate and reduce carbon emissions has been drawing an increasing attention throughout various industrial sections. Thereby the discipline of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) involving raw material preparation, production processes, transportation and installation has been established. There is a clear research gap between the need and the practice for Korean Case of renewable energy industry, particularly wind power. To bridge the gap, this study conducted LCA research on wind power generation in the Korean area of Yeongdeok, an example of a domestic onshor wind power complex using SimaPro, which is the most widely used LCA system. As a result of the study, the energy recovery period (EPT) of one wind turbine is about 10 months, and the GHG emitted to generate power of 1 kwh is 15 g CO₂/kWh, which is competitive compared to other energy sources. In the environmental impact assessment by component, the results showed that the tower of wind turbines had the greatest impact on various environmental impact sectors. The experience gained in this study can be further used in strengthening the introduction of renewable energy and reducing the carbon emission in line with reducing climate change.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.428-437
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• 2013

Physico-chemical water quality parameters and the phytoplankton communities from 12 sites in Oship-stream, Songchunstream, and Namdae-stream, located Gyeongsangbukdo Uljin-gun, Yeongdeok-gun, and Pyeonghae-eup respectively, were investigated from April 2009 to February 2010. Oship-stream, which is an open estuary, was easily affected by ocean current compared to that of Songchun-stream and Namdae-stream. OS3 and OS4 conductivity was higher with a season average of 3,397 ${\mu}s/cm$. The streams were mesotrophic to hypertrophic. Biological oxygen demand (BOD) was about 3mg/L, which was level 2 on the water quality ratings, but a concentration of 5mg/L in April 2009 indicated increased pollution due to drought. A total of 118, 117, and 124 phytoplankton taxa were found in Oship-stream, Songchun-stream, and Namdae-stream, respectively. The apparent dominant species in the polluted waters included Cryptomonas ovata, Fragilaria construens var. venter, Oscillatoria limnetica, O. limosa, and Phormidium tenue. All of Oship-stream, SC2 and SC4 of Songchun-stream, and ND3 of Namdae-stream were eutrophic as a result of standing crop analysis. BOD was highly correlated with chlorophyll-a content(r=0.52). Phosphorus concentration and proliferation of phytoplankton were thought to most affect BOD concentration in all three streams.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.6 no.spc
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• pp.185-214
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• 2017

The genus Phyllopodopsyllus T. Scott, 1906 is nearly cosmopolitan and contains around 60 valid species, but has not been previously recorded in Korea. One of the reasons is probably the paucity of research in marginal habitats, such as marine interstitial. I describe two new species here. Numerous specimens of both sexes of P. kitazimai sp. nov. were collected from a beach near Yeongdeok, while only two females of P. busanensis sp. nov. were collected from a beach near Busan. The new species differ in numerous macro-morphological characters, such as the segmentation and armature of the antennula, armature of the mandibula, maxillula, maxilliped, and the first three swimming legs, as well as the shape of the caudal rami and the female genital field. However, they show very little difference in the number and position of cuticular organs (pores and sensilla) on all somites, which might prove these rarely used micro-characters to be useful in the reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships in this group of harpacticoids. Both species have their closest relatives in Japan. Phyllopodopsyllus kitazimai is morphologically most similar to P. punctatus Kitazima, 1981, but can be distinguished by much longer third exopodal segments of the third and fourth swimming legs. Phyllopodopsyllus busanensis shares the largest number of morphological similarities with P. setouchiensis Kitazima, 1981, but can be distinguished by shorter caudal rami. A key to species is also provided.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2011

Problems that arise from the use of groundwater can be minimized by connecting surface water with groundwater. We investigated the groundwater level at Osibcheon, Yeongdeok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk Province, and performed borehole investigation. We then used the SWAI-MODFLOW model to analyze variations in groundwater level and discharge amount. We also discuss how to assess the potential of groundwater dams in Korean by analyzing the hydrogeological properties of the candidate site.