• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.217-218
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• 2005

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.366-372
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• 1993

The aim of this study was to find out the rapid fermentation of soy sauce from koji hydrolyzate using column type reactor packed with immobilized yeast cells. Each immobilized cell of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii BH-90 and Candida versatilis BH-91 in the packed column type reactor produced 2.8% ethyl alcohol and 18mg/l 4-ethylguaiacol over 96 hours under the optimal condition. Continuous fermentation was performed by immobilized Z. rouxii BH-90 packed in column type reactor. Immobilized Z. rouxii BH-90 produced 2.30~2.85% ethyl alcohol during 30 days, and decreased gradually from 40 days to 80 days. Also C. versatilis BH-91 produced 4-ethylguaiacol at the constant rate of 16~18mg/l and decreased gradually after 40 days. Final product of soy sauce contained 2.8% ethyl alcohol and 18mg/l 4-ethylguaiacol. However, amino acid compositions of final products were consisted of predominantly glutamic acid, leucine, arginine, aspartic acid, lysine and valine, which were more than 50% of total amino acid.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.14-20
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• 1989

A strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY-366 was isolated to produce a strong sucrose-hydrolyzing enzyme. After entrapment of yeast cell invertase with alginate, enzymatic properties of immobilized cells were investigated. The results are as follows. 1. The optimum pH of invertase in immobilized cells and non- immobilized cells was 6.0 and 5.0, and pH stability of invertase in immobilized cells and non- immobilized cells was 6.0 and 5.0, respectively. 2 Activation energy of immobilized cells was 4.7 kcal/mol. 3 The immobilized preparation exhibited high resistance to heat and urea Induced denaturation. 4, The bead size less than 2 mm in diameter was desirable. 5. In spite of repeated use, the enzyme activity of immobilized cells was inhibited slightly in batch reaction, and a small column of the immobilized preparation could hydrolyze relatively high concentration of sucrose almost quantitatively to more than 6 days.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2009

This study was conducted to improve biological degradation efficiency of toluene as a model volatile organic compound (VOC) using yeast Candida tropicalis and to suggest an effective method for bioreactor operation. The yeast strain was immobilized with polyethylene glycol (PEG), alginate, and powdered activated carbon (PAC). The yeast-immobilized polymer media were used as fluidized materials in an airlift bioreactor. Polymer media without PAC were also made and operated in another airlift bioreactor. The two bioreactors showed toluene removal efficiencies ranging 80-96% at loading rates of $10-35 g/m^3-hr$, and the bioreactor containing the polymer media with PAC achieved higher removal efficiency. Protein contents in the liquid phase showed that the bioreactor using the yeast-immobilized polymer media with PAC had a higher rate of microbial growth initially than that without PAC. In addition, the microbial growth rate inside of the polymer media with PAC was five times higher than that without PAC. Consequently, the polymer media containing the yeast strain and PAC could enhance removal efficiencies for VOCs, and the immobilization method improve microbial activity and stability for a long-term operation of biological systems.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.438-443
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• 2000

맥주의 숙성기간을 단축시키기 위해 네 종류의 고정화용 담체를 활용한 고정화 효모 반응기를 시험하였다. 전발효가 끝난 Green Beer (GB)를 효모를 제거하고 열처리할 경우 처 리온도가 높을수록 전구체인 $\alpha$-acetolactate의 diacety 1로의 전 환율이 낮고 전환속도도 빨라 $70^{\circ}C$이상의 온도에서는 4분이면 충분하였다 GB 중의 산소농도는 전구체에서 DA로의 변환율에 매우 큰 영향을 끼쳤는데 그 농도가 낮을수록 전환율이 낮았으며 0.1 ppm 이하의 농도에서는 거의 대부분의 전 구체가 DA이외의 물칠로 전환되었다. 열처리한 전발효 맥주 를 HAN, G-2, FLO, GDC 담체 column에 $\alpha$, 체류시간 80-150분으로 통과시킬 경우 diacety I 농도를 상품 맥주의 품질로 적합한 0.1 ppm이하로 떨어뜨릴 수 있어서 시험한 담체 모두 맥주 숙성용 효모고정화용 답체로의 실용화 가능 성이 있었다. 이 때 세라믹 담체 column의 경우 GDC 담체 column에 비해 미발효된 잔당의 발효에 의한 새로운 DA 전 구체의 생성이 많았다. 위와 같은 방법으로 생산한 맥주를 공장에서 기존의 방법으로 생산한 맥주와 맛을 비교한 결과 미세한 차이가 있으나 불쾌한 느낌을 주는 이취등은 발견되지 않아 고정화 효모 반응기에 의한 고속 숙성공정의 현장적 용 가능성이 높음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2014

We evaluated a more practical and cost-effective immobilization carriers for ethanol production using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Three candidate materials-rice hull, rice straw, and sawdust-were tested for their cell-adsorption capacity and operational durability. Derivatizations of rice hull, rice straw, and sawdust with the optimal concentration of 0.5 M of 2-(diethylamino)ethyl chloride hydrochloride (DEAE HCl) resulted in > 95% adsorption of the initial yeast cells at 2 hr for DEAE-rice hull and DEAE-sawdust and in only approximately 80% adsorption for DEAE-rice straw. In addition, DEAE-sawdust was found to be a more practical carrier for immobilizing yeast cells in terms of operational durability in shaking flask cultures with two different speeds of 60 and 150 rpm. Furthermore, the biosorption isotherms of DEAE-rice hull, -rice straw, and -sawdust for yeast cells revealed that the $Q_{max}$ of DEAE-sawdust (82.6 mg/g) was greater than that of DEAE-rice hull and DEAE-rice straw. During the 404-hr of continuous column reactor operation using yeast cells immobilized on DEAE-sawdust, no serious detachment of the yeast cells from the DEAE-sawdust was recorded. Ethanol yield of approximately 3.04 g/L was produced steadily, and glucose was completely converted to ethanol at a yield of 0.375 g-ethanol/g-glucose (73.4% of the theoretical value). Thus, sawdust is a promising practical immobilization carrier for ethanol production, with significance in the production of bioethanol as a biofuel.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.199-203
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• 1986

Wood chip을 support로 충전한 관형발효조에 Saccharomyces formosensis 효모용액을 통과시켜 고정화한 관형발효조에서 연속 발효실험을 수행한 결과 wood chip은 support로서 높은 효모 고정화율을 나타내었다. 관형발효조에서 발효실험시 유량 및 농도의 변화시 정상상태에 도달하는데 약 60시간 소요되었고, 정상상태에서 ethanol수율은 0.473-0.483로서 회분식 발효조 경우보다 높은 값을 나타냈다. 정상상태에서 ethanol생산성 (공간체적 기준)은 ethanol농도 61.4-65.7 g/l 범위에서 24.4-19.1g EtOH/$\ell$.hr를 나타내어 다른 고정화법에 의한 것과 비슷하게 높았다. 관형발효조에서 410시간 연속 발효운전시 오염현상이 없었고 효모생존율은 88-93%로 유지되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.154-159
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• 1993

본 연구는 간장의 속성발효를 하기 위하여 Pediococcus halophilus R-22, Saccharomyces rouxii R-60과 Candida etchellsii H-50의 균체를 고정화하여 충진한 column형 reactor에 정어리 분해액을 주입하면서 연속적으로 속성발효를 시도하였다. Column형 reactor에서 P. halophilus R-22의 고정화 균체의 연속적 속성 발효시 유산의 생성은 발효 25일까지는 $0.62{\sim}0.64%$이었고 30일 이후부터는 약간 감소하였다. S. rouxii R-60 고정화 체의 연속적 속성 발효시 시작일부터 35일까지는 ethylalcohol이 $2.1{\sim}2.5%$로 거의 일정하게 생성되었고 40일 이후에는 약간 감소하였다. C. etchellsii H-50 고정화 균체의 발효에서는 35일까지는 4-ethylguaiacol의 함량이 $14{\sim}16\;mg/l$로 거의 일정하게 생성되었으나 발효 40일 이후 약간 감소하였다. Column형 reactor의 발효에서 얻은 어간장의 성분을 분석한 결과 총질소는 1,721.6 mg%, 아미노태 실소는 1,584.1 mg%, 유산은 0.75%, ethylalcohol은 2.7%, 4-ethylguaiacol은 18.2 mg/l이었다.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 1999년도 학술발표회 진행표 및 논문초록
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• pp.44-44
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• 1999

Yeast cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) was cloned and overexpressed in E. coli, and purified by a Ni$^{2＋}$-affinity column. HoloCcP was obtained by reconstituting apoCcP with Mn$^{3+}$-protoporphyrin IX (MnPP). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of spin-labeled holoCcP showed a slightly more immobilized signal than spin-labeled apoCcP.(omitted)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1434-1444
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• 2013

We established a two-step production process using immobilized S. cerevisiae and P. stipitis yeast to produce ethanol from seaweed (U. pertusa Kjellman) hydrolysate. The process was designed to completely consume both glucose and xylose. In particular, the yeasts were immobilized using DEAE-corncob and DEAE-cotton, respectively. The first step of the process included a continuous column reactor using immobilized S. cerevisiae, and the second step included a repeated-batch reactor using immobilized P. stipitis. It was verified that the glucose and xylose in 20 L of medium containing the U. pertusa Kjellman hydrolysate was converted completely to about 5.0 g/l ethanol through the two-step process, in which the overall ethanol yield from total reducing sugar was 0.37 and the volumetric ethanol productivity was 0.126 g/l/h. The volumetric ethanol productivity of the two-step process was about 2.7 times greater than that when P. stipitis was used alone for ethanol production from U. pertusa Kjellman hydrolysate. In addition, the overall ethanol yield from glucose and xylose was superior to that when P. stipitis was used alone for ethanol production. This two-step process will not only contribute to the development of an integrated process for ethanol production from glucose-and xylose-containing biomass hydrolysates, but could also be used as an alternative method for ethanol production.