• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.168-177
• /
• 1986

Bioassay-directed isolation has yielded some cytotoxic substances against L1210 cell from the Korean traditional medicine. These include 5,2'-dihydroxy-6,7,8,6'-teramethoxyflavone $(IV,\;scutellaria\;root,\;ED_{50}\;=\;1.7\;{mu}g/ml)$, 7-geranyloxycoumarin $(XXXII,\;poncirus\;fruit,\;10.2\;{mu}g/ml) $and panaxydol $(I,\;white\;ginseng,\;0.03\;{mu}g/ml)$. IV, XXXII and their derivatives were synthesized in the purpose of in vivo tests and for observation of structure-activity relations. Among the flavone derivatives, 5,2',6'-trihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy flavone (XVIII), 5-hydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-6'-benzyloxyflavone (XVII) and 5,8-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone (X) showed the cytotoxicity which has no correlation to the flavone structures. Of the coumarins synthesized, 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin (XXVI), 6-7-dihydroxycoumarin (XXIX) and 6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin (XXXI) showed considerable activities. Acetylated XXXI has moderate activity $(ED_{50}=17.2\;{mu}g/ml)$. Monobydroxycoumarins or their methyl and allyl ether were inactive. IV inhibits the growth of the solid form of S-180 by 70% at 40 mg/kg and shows T/C of 166% on the ascitic S-180 at 40 mg/kg. It strongly inhibits the activity of the membrane bounded ATPase from L1210 cell. The most cytotoxic fraction of the antitumor materials studied is the one from the trichosanthes root showing $ED_{50}=0. 0003\;{mu}g/ml$ against L1210 cell. This fraction, obtained from ethyl acetate extract, showed T/C of 130 and 135%, on ICR mice bearing S-180 and $BDF_1$ mice bearing L1210 at 10 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg, respectively.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.539-545
• /
• 2012

To evaluate of the ultrasonographic changes in hemiplegic and unaffected knee joints of hemiplegic ambulators with recent onset stroke. Twenty patients (40 knees) with prevalence duration of 14-39 weeks (mean 24.70 weeks) after a stroke insult were included. All participants were walking independently without leg dragging, had no previous knee injury. There were significant differences in intercondylar cartilage thickness and pes anserinous tendinopathy (PAT) between hemiplegic and unaffected knees (p<0.05). There were no differences in cartilage thickness of medial condyle and lateral condyle, patellar tendinitis/bursitis, suprapatellar effusion, synovitis, joint space narrowing, and Baker's cyst of ultrasonographic findings and x-ray findings in hemiplegic knee compared to the control except PAT (p<0.05). In hemiplegic knee, medial or lateral condylar cartilage thickness was significantly correlated with body weight, intercondylar cartilage thickness, and PAT (p<0.05). PAT was significantly correlated with Brunnnstrom stage and condylar cartilage thickness (p<0.05). Knee pain was significantly correlated with lateral condylar cartilage thickness (p<0.1). The hemiplegic knee had more ultrasonographic abnormalities including PAT and more cartilage thickness preservation in patient with recent onset stroke. Intraarticular sonographic findings including cartilage thickness was significantly correlated with extraarticular findings including PAT and a symptom of knee pain.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.48-58
• /
• 1988

This study was undertaken to observe the formation behavior of ferro- magnetic phase in Mn-Al-Cu Alloys. The alloy selected for this investigation was 70% Mn-29% Al-1% Cu. This pre-allyed pig was prepared to the cylinderical castings using an Induction furnace after homogenizing at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 2hr, the specimens were cooled by cooling methods. Subwequent isothermal heat treatments were followed at $550^{\circ}C$ for various periods of time at predetermined(1-1000min). The formation behavior of ferromagnetic phase was investigated by measurements of magnetic properties of the specimens at each stage of heat treatment, and optical microscopic esamination and X-Ray diffraction analyses were also employed. By this basic experimental results, the conclusions are as follows 1) In order to obtain much amount of ferromagnetic phase, the optimum average cooling rate was about 7.35-$16.4^{\circ}C$/sec($1100^{\circ}C$-$600^{\circ}C$). 2) We verified the decomposition of {\tau} phase to {\beta} -Mn and {\gamma} , as the specimens were homogenized at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 12hr, then heat-treased at $550^{\circ}C$ for 1-1000min. 3) A condition of optimum heat treatments in Mn-Al-Cu permanent mag-netic alloys showed that after homogenizing at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 2hr, the speciments were cooled in air or furnace(A) and subsequent heat treatments at $550^{\circ}C$ for 1-30min. The maximum magnetic properties were measured as follows: Air cooling; Br=1200(Gause), bHc=100(oe), (BH)max=0.07(MGOe) Furnace cooling(A);Br=950(Gauss), bhe=80(Oe), (BH)max=0.05(MGOe)

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect pf flexibility of hip flexor muscles on a conventional deadlift movement. Method: Eighteen healthy male were participated in this study and were divided into normal group (NG: age: 24.0±1.8 yrs, height: 174.5±2.37 cm, body mass: 74.4±5.5 kg, 1RM: 138.0±23.8 kg) and restricted group (RG: age: 24.6±1.7 yrs, height: 171.5±5.3 cm, body mass: 74.0±5.7 kg, 1RM: 137.5±18.3 kg) by Thomas test, which measure flexibility of hip flexor muscles. A 3-dimensional motion analysis with 8 infrared cameras and 3 channels of EMG was performed in this study. A two-way ANOVA (group x load) with repeated measure was used for statistical verification. The significant level was set at α=.05. Results: RG revealed significantly increased muscle activation in erector spinae on 70% and 90% of 1RM and decreased muscle activation in gluteus maximus on 90% of 1RM compared to NG (p<.05). For the muscle activation ratio for agonist to synergist, erector spinae showed the difference in 90% of 1RM while hamstring was observed differences in all loads (p<.05). Conclusion: Our results indicated that hip flexibility affects conventional deadlift movement. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the flexibility of the hip flexor muscles before performing the movement and, as needed, to train to address the lack of flexibility.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.310-317
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This descriptive research was carried out to identify how high school students' attitude to death and their meaning of life were affected by hospice volunteering and death education. Methods: This study is based on a structured questionnaire designed for 180 high school students who were given death education while doing volunteer work at non-profit hospice hospitals and another 288 high school students not doing any hospice volunteer work. The collected data was processed by the SPSS 20.0 program and then analyzed by $x^2$ test, t-test and ANOVA test. Results: High school students' attitude to death and their meaning of life showed significant differences depending on whether or not they had volunteered at hospice hospitals. The group with hospice volunteering experience tended to be more negative about death and have a higher meaning of life compared to those without hospice volunteering experience. Students with proper hospice recognition made up 52.4%, those who expressed hopes to receive hospice-care themselves if necessary accounted for 70.5%, and those who said they would like to take care of their family members either at home or at a hospice center if any of them got incurably sick comprised 59.0%. Those who thought dignified death is to be with one's family or any other meaningful person were 47.6% and 18.5% of the students thought that 'thinking they had led a meaningful life' was the core of a dignified death. Conclusion: Given the above results, it became clear that hospice volunteering and death education can affect high school students' meaning of life and their attitudes toward death.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.123-132
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the effects of gargling using normal saline or essential oil on oral bacterial colonization of the subjects who did transoral endotracheal intubation for general anesthesia. Methods: A repeated measures, non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used in this study. The subjects of the study included 58 people; the gargling group with normal saline (n=19); the gargling group with essential oil (n=20); and the control group (n=19). Data were collected from University hospitals in a Korean province from August 13-31, 2012. The collected data were analyzed with $X^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA and Scheff$\acute{e}$ test using SPSS 19.0. Results: Although statistically significant differences among the three groups did not appear in the change of the aerobic bacterial colony before and after the experiments, the aerobic bacterial colony of the gargling group with normal saline ($71.58{\pm}143.39$) and the group with essential oil ($6.95{\pm}332.07$) have increased less compared to the control group ($145.42{\pm}385.01$). The change of the anaerobic bacterial colony before and after the experiments, the control group was ($167.58{\pm}483.58$) and the gargling group with essential oil was ($169.70{\pm}291.60$) and increased, while the gargling group with normal saline ($-42{\pm}331.09$) reduced, but statistically significant differences have not appeared. Conclusion: These findings indicated that oral gargling with normal saline is effective in reducing anaerobic bacterial colonization.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.188-193
• /
• 2018

Background: Previous studies have noted that the simultaneous use of sulfonylureas and antimicrobials, which is common, could increase the risk of hypoglycemia. In particular, an age of 65 years or older is a known risk factor for sulfonylurea-related hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients. Therefore, we performed this study to determine the potential risk of hypoglycemia from the concurrent use of antimicrobials and sulfonylureas. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort from 2013. The eligibility criteria included patients of 65 years of age or older taking a sulfonylurea with 25 different antimicrobials. Different risk ratings of severity in drug-drug interactions (potential DDIs), level X, D, or C in Lexi-$Interact^{TM}$ online, and contraindicated, major, or moderate severity level in $Micromedex^{(R)}$ were included. SAS version 9.4 was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 6,006 elderly patients with 25,613 prescriptions were included. The largest age group was 70 to 74 (32.7%), and 39.7% of patients were men. The mean number of prescriptions was 4.3 per patient. The most frequently used antimicrobials were levofloxacin (6,583, 25.7%), ofloxacin (6,549, 25.6%), fluconazole (4,678, 18.0%), and ciprofloxacin (2,551, 9.8%). Among sulfonylureas, glimepiride was prescribed most frequently, followed by gliclazide, glibenclamide, and glipizide. Conclusion: Of the antimicrobials with a high potential of hypoglycemia, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, fluconazole, and ciprofloxacin were used frequently. Thus, the monitoring of clinically relevant interactions is required for patients concurrently administered sulfonylureas and antimicrobials.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.97-108
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study attempted to identify the effectiveness and substantiality of a dementia education program for family caregivers of the demented elderly. Methods: This quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent control pretest-posttest design was carried out from April 15 to July 29 in 2012 with 137 subjects divided into an experimental group (n=70) and a control group (n=67). This study examined the subjects' general characteristics, and evaluated their nursing method four times, respectively, before the intervention, right after the intervention, and 2 and 4 weeks after the intervention, and then analyzed collected data through t-test and $x^2$-test. Results: In the experimental group that had received the dementia education, the nursing method score was significantly higher right after the intervention (t=8.33, p<.001) and 2 weeks after the intervention (t=8.01, p<.001) than before the intervention, but their score 4 weeks after the intervention was not significantly different from that of the control group (t=1.08, p=.28). Conclusion: The dementia education was found to be effective in improving the nursing method of family caregivers of the demented elderly. This study implies that further follow-up dementia education is necessary between 2 and 4 weeks to maintain the effectiveness.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.102-105
• /
• 1992

Introduction : Isothiazolinone product is one of new preservatives used in cooling tower, paper mill, and general industrial waters.l) It is also effective in controlling bacteria and fungi in the manufacture and storage of dispersed pigments, such as kaolin clays, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate and others\ulcorner Its broad-spectrum activity, excellent physical and chemical compatibility with anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants and most organic and inorganic compounds and low toxicity at recommended use levels provide formulators with an effective, economical, and environmentally acceptable alternative to other commercial biocides. It dose not contain or generate formaldehyde and is easy to formulate (1.5% solution is supplied as an aqueous solution), so that it gains advantage over the other preservatives. The active ingredients of the isothiazolinone product are unchlorinated compound (2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) and chlorinated one (5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one). Methods preferred for the analysis of preservatives are chromatographic methods, especially high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Although several methods were satisfactory in respect to separation, no offical method has been published for the isothiazolinone components. This study was performed to search for an alternative method in order to show flexible operating conditions of HPLC and to reduce assay time.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.70-91
• /
• 2005

Purpose: Long-term care facilities have a responsibility to provide care service that enables residents to maintain their maximal functional capacity and quality of life. Also their needs must be reflected to the service programs. In oder to provide an adequate service, we should assess the elderly's physical, psychological and social health status and the need. In addition to this, the long-term care facilities must be defined clearly by the type of services. This study would contribute to conduct appropriate services in public long-term care policy for the older population in the future. This study would provide informations of long-term care facilities' services and older persons' needs for long-term care. Method: To achieve this objectives, this paper investigates the types, service programs of long-term care institutes and job descriptions of workers. The subjects were consisted of 150 long-term care institutes. 150 institutes of long-term care facilities were drawn from all over the country by a nonrandom, convenience sampling. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, $x^2$-test using SPSS program. The instruments of this study were self-reported questionnaires for long-term care institutes. The data were collected from March 1, 2004 to may 31, 2004. Results: Service programs of long-term care institutes were not enough for residents' demands. The job descriptions among nurse, social worker and physical therapist were not clearly defined. The nurse's main role was medication and checking vital sign(49.7%), that of social worker's was observation and supervising (31.2%). The most significant problems were lacking of diverse service programs for residents. Conclusion: Considering these findings and conclusion, the needs of long-term care services should be provided by individual physical and psychological level. And the professional manpower for elderly should be educated in multi disciplines.