• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.108-117
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• 1994

Twenty nine children with autism and thirty children with mental retardation were examined for association between autism and chromosomal disorders including fragile X. The peripheral blood was cultured in Medium 199 with methotrexate and without methorexate for 70 hours. Thirty metaphase cells in each case were karyotyped in all samples. Chromosomal abnormalities were found in 11 cases(37.9%) of autistic disorder and 10 cases (33.3%) of mental retardation, but in none of fragile(X)(q27.3) from all cases. Chromosomal abnormalities were present on group A, C, D and X in autistic disorder and on group A, B, C, D, E and X in mental retardation. No specific chromosomal region was found in both autistic disorder and mental retardation. Types of chromosomal disorders were only fragile and/or gap but no numerical abnormality was present in all cases. Number of cells which revealed fragile sites were 31 cells(3.6%) out of 870 cells in autistic disorder and 29 cells(3.2%) out of 900 cells in mental retardation Number of cells which revealed gaps were 43 cells(4.9%) out of 870 cells in autistic disorder and 35 cells(3.9%) out of 900 cells in mental retardation. Autistic disorder may not be directly correlated with fragile X but with nonspecific chromosomal breakages from these data.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.39-43
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• 2023

Carrier-selective contacts (CSCs) solar cells are considerably attractive on highly efficient crystalline silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells due to their advantages of high thermal tolerance and the simple fabrication process. CSCs solar cells require a hole selective contact (HSC) layer that selectively collects only holes. In order to selectively collect holes, it must have a work function characteristic of 5.0 eV or more when contacted with n-type Si. The VO_x, NiO_x, and CuI_x thin films were fabricated and analyzed respectively to confirm their potential usage as a hole-selective contact (HSC) layer. All thin films showed characteristics of band-gap engergy > 3.0 eV, work function > 5.0 eV and minority carrier lifetime > 1.5 ms.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.452-458
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• 2002

Exposure to ultraviolet light (UV) induces apoptosis in mammalian cells, The caspase group of proteases is required for the appotosis. This pathway is initiated by a release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. Several Bcl-2 family proteins can regulate the release of cytochrome c by stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane. Here we show that expression of the endogenous bcl-xL was strongly downregulated in NIH3T3 cells within 2 h after UV-C irradiation, and that of bax was upregulated from 8 h after irradiation. Apoptosis was induced in more than 50% of the NIH3T3 cells 48 h after irradiation. Constitutive overexpression of bcl-xL in NIH3T3 cells protected the UV-induced apoptosis by preventing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the activation of caspase 9. There results suggest that downregulation of Bcl-xL is relevant to UV-induced apoptosis of tibroblasts.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.47-51
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• 2013

Current research trends of solar cells has focused on the high conversion efficiency and low-cost production technology. Passivation technology that can be easily adapted to mass production. Therefore, this study conducted experiments with aim of the following two methods for the fabrication of high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells. In the first task, an attempt is formation of local Al-BSF to a number of locally doped dots to increase the conversion efficiency of solar cells to reduce the loss of $V_{oc}$ overcome. The second major task, rear surface apply in $Al_2O_3/SiN_x$ stack layer, $Al_2O_3$ prominent negative fixed charge characteristics. As the result of task, Local Al-BSF and $Al_2O_3/SiN_x$ stack layer applied to the p-type single crystalline silicon solar cells, the average $V_{oc}$ of 644mV, $I_{sc}$ of 918mV and conversion efficiency of 18.70% were obtained.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.15 no.4 s.29
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• pp.199-204
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• 1976

Canna nosaic X bodies, which do not exist in tissues of the healthy plant and are originating in cells of virus infected Canna (Canna generalis BAILEY) with mosaic symptom, are easily observed under microscope through application of vital staining for 2-3 minutes with $1\%$ eosin of $H_2O$ solution added with slight amount of $CH_3COOH$ and distinguishing with N/5HCl followed by washing to inspect. The result of this experiment is summarized as following: 1) The X bodies are observed not only in epiermal cells of leaf of the mosaic virus infected Canna but in those of leaf sheath, stem, and root also, and it is expected that the X bodies are to exist in the flower cells of the disease infected Canna which were missed in this experiment. 2) Shape and nature of X bodies are not constant; in early stage of the disease development, the X bodies have equal contents and vague contour with their small size and round shape, but along with progress of the disease development they attain granular contents and clear contour with their increasing sige and defining shape in cytoplasm. In case of same individual pant, fully developed X. bodies. are increasing in cytoplasm in propoition to severity of mosaic and nettling of the diseased leaf. 3) The staining character of X bodies to eosin is more dense than that of nuclei; Xbodies are stained light red or red while nuclei are stained yellowish brown or light red. 1) It is assumed to be a result of cytoplasmic concentration around nucleus that X bodies are usunlly developed adjacent to nucleus and they are considered to be a cytoplasmic prodct. 5) Thus, I confirm that X bodies originsting in canna plant cells infected with mosaic virus aye multipling in the alive cells.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.75-82
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• 1968

The effects of x-irradiation on the utilization of glucose, succinate, citrate and $\\alpha$-ketoglutarate, on the response of the cell metabolism to $NaN_3$ and DNP, and on the uptake of lysine in the presence or absence of the metabolitesor the inhibitors were studied using HeLa cells and the results are summarized as follows: 1. 200r of x-irradiation had no immediate effect on the oxygen consumption of cells. 2. The oxygen consumption was greatly stimulated by succinate, $\\alpha$-ketoglutarate and citraed and in decreasing order and x-irradiation caused no remarkable change in this order. 3. The respiratory response of the cell to the metabolic inhibitors seems to be altered by x-irradiation. 4. The initial rate of the uptake of lysine was markedly retarded and the accumulation of lysine in the cell was decreased by irradiation. 5. Glucose increased the lysine uptake whereas succinate had no effect and citrate and $\\alpha$-ketoglutarate reduced the absorption. X-irradiation did not alter this tendency. 6. The inhibitory effects of $NaN_3$ and DNP on the lysine uptake were quite different from those seen in the oxygen consumption.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1994.07b
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• pp.1435-1438
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• 1994

The effects of Ge composition variation in $a-Si_{1-x}Ge_x:H$ alloy p-i-n solar cells on the physical properties and current density-voltage characteristics are analyzed by a new simulation modelling based on the update published experimental datas. The simulation modelling includes newly formulated density of gap density spectrum corresponding to Ge composition variation and utilizes the newly derived generation rate formulars which include the reflection coefficients and can apply to multijunction structures as well as single junction structure. The effects in $a-Si_{1-x}Ge_x:H$ single junction are analyzed through the efficiency, fill factor, open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, free carriers, trap carriers, electric field, generation rate and recombination rate. Based on the results analyzed in single junction structure, the applications to multiple junction structures are discussed and the optimal conditions reaching to a high performance are investigated.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1988.10a
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• pp.620-626
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• 1988

GaAs solar cells may be the most attractive and efficient power source of a satellite. GaAs is more radiation tolerant and less temperature sensitive than widely used silicon. $Al_{x}$ Ga$_{1-x}$ As/GaAs solar cells have been designed and fabricated by Liquid Phase Epitaxial method. GaAs solar cells, of which structure is about 0.2 .mu.m p$^{+}$ - window layer, 0.6-1.O .mu.m Ge-doped p-layer. 3.mu.m n-GaAs layer and n$^{+}$ - buffer layer, have been characterized as a function of operating temperature from 25 .deg.C to 130 .deg.C. Open circuit voltage decreases linearly with increasing temperature by 1.4-1.51 mV/ .deg.C while degradation of silicon solar cells is about 2.2-2.5 mV/ .deg.C, short circuit current does not increase much with increasing temperature. Relative efficiency decreases with increasing of temperature by about 0.21-0.29 %/ .deg.C. Efficiency degradation of silicon solar cells with temperature is known to be about 0.5%/ .deg.C and our results show GaAs solar cells may be an excellent candidate for concentrated solar cells.ells.

• Current Applied Physics
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1268-1274
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• 2018

We have investigated the effects of chemical rounding (CR) on the surface passivation and/or antireflection performance of $AlO_{x^-}$ and $AlO_x/SiN_x:H$ stack-passivated pyramid textured $p^+$-emitters with two different boron doping concentrations, and on the performance of bifacial n-PERT Si solar cells with a front pyramid textured $p^+$-emitter. From experimental results, we found that chemical rounding markedly enhances the passivation performance of $AlO_x$ layers on pyramid textured $p^+$-emitters, and the level of performance enhancement strongly depends on boron doping concentration. Meanwhile, chemical rounding increases solar-weighted reflectance ($R_{SW}$) from ~2.5 to ~3.7% for the $AlO_x/SiN_x:H$ stack-passivated pyramid textured $p^+$-emitters after 200-sec chemical rounding. Consequently, compared to non-rounded bifacial n-PERT Si cells, the short circuit current density Jsc of 200-sec-rounded bifacial n-PERT Si cells with ~60 and ${\sim}100{\Omega}/sq$ $p^+$-emitters is reduced by 0.8 and $0.6mA/cm^2$, respectively under front $p^+$-emitter side illumination. However, the loss in the short circuit current density Jsc is fully offset by the increased fill factor FF by 0.8 and 1.5% for the 200-sec-rounded cells with ~60 and ${\im}100{\Omega}/sq$ $p^+$-emitters, respectively. In particular, the cell efficiency of the 200-sec-rounded cells with a ${\sim}100{\Omega}/sq$ $p^+$-emitter is enhanced as a result, compared to that of the non-rounded cells. Based on our results, it could be expected that the cell efficiency of bifacial n-PERT Si cells would be improved without additional complicated and costly processes if chemical rounding and boron doping processes can be properly optimized.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.399-404
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• 2000

The adjuvant effect of a muramyl dipeptide (MDP) derivative, MDP-Lys(L18), on enhancing of antitumor immunity induced by X-irradiated tumor cells against highly metastatic B16-BL6 melanoma cells was examined in mice. Mice immunized intradermally (i.d.) with a mixture of X-irradiated B16-BL6 cells and MDP-Lys (L18) [Vac+MDP-Lys (L18)] followed by an intravenous (i.v.)inoculation of $10^4$ viable tumor cells 7 days after immunization, showed a significant inhibition of experimental lung metastasis of B16-BL6 melanoma cells. The most effective immunization for the prophylactic inhibition of tumor metastasis was obtained from the mixture of $100{\;}\mu\textrm{g}$ of MDP-Lys (L18) and $10^4$ X-irradiatied tumor vaccine. Furthermore, immunization of mice with Vac+MDP-Lys(L18), 3 days after tumor challenge, resulted in a significant inhibition of lung metastasis of B16-BL6 melanoma cells in an experimental lung metastasis model. Similarly, the administration of Vac+MDP-Lys(L18), 1 or 7 days after tumor removal, markedly inhibited tumor metastasis of B16-BL6 in a spontaneous lung metastasis model. When Vac+MDP-Lys (L18) was i.d. administered 3 days after subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of tumor cells ($5{\times}10^5/site$) on the back, mice treated with Vac+MDP-Lys(L18) showed inhibition of significantly tumor growth on day 20. These results suggest that MDP-Lys (L18) is able to enhance antitumor activity induced by X-irradiated tumor vaccine to reduce lung metastasis of tumor cells, and is a potent immunomodulating agent which may be applied prophylactically as well as therapeutically to treatment of cancer metastasis.