• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.324-336
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI on alteration in gene expression in a hypoxia model using cultured rat cortical cells. Methods : E18 rat cortical cells were grown in a Neurobasal medium containing B27 supplement. On 12 DIV, Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI(20 ug/ml) was added to the culture media and left for 24 hrs. On 11 DIV, cells were given a hypoxic insult $(2%\;O_2/5%\;CO_2,\;37^{\circ}C,\;3\;hrs)$, returned to normoxia and cultured for another 24 hrs. Total RNA was prepared from Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI-untreated (control) and -treated cultures and alteration in gene expression was analysed by microarray using rat 5K-TwinChips. Results : For most of the genes altered in expression, the Global M values were between -0.5 to +0.5. Among these, 1143 genes increased in their expression by more than Global M +0.1, while 1161 genes decreased by more than Global M -0.1. Effects on some of the genes whose functions are implicated in neural viability are as follows: 1) The expression of apoptosis-related genes such as Bad (Global M = 0.39), programmed cell death-2(Pdcd2) (Global M = 0.20) increased, while Purinergic receptor P2X(P2rxl) Global M = -0.22), Bc12-like1(Bc1211)(Global M = -0.19) decreased. 2) The expression of 'response to stress-related genes such as antioxidation-related AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma 1 gene (Prkag1) (Global M = 0.14), catalase gene (Global M = 0.14) and Heme Oxygenase(Hmoxl) increased. 3) The expression of Fos like antigen 2 (Fos12) expressed in neurons that survive ischemic insult increased (Global M = 0.97). Conclusions : these data suggest that Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI increases the expression of antiapoptosis- and antioxidation- related genes in a way that can not yet be explained.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2015

Pachymic acid는 복령에서 분리된 lanostane-type인 triterpenoid의 일종이다. 최근 pachymic acid가 항암 및 항염증 효능과 산화적 스트레스에 대한 항산화 효능 등과 같은 약리적인 효능이 있는 것으로 밝혀지고 있으나, 그에 대한 구체적인 분자생물학적 기전 연구는 매우 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 pachymic acid의 항암활성 및 관련 기전 조사의 일환으로 T24 인체 방광암세포 모델을 이용하여 pachymic acid에 의한 apoptosis 유발 여부를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 pachymic acid는 T24 세포의 증식을 유의적으로 억제시켰으며, 이는 apoptosis 유발과 연관성이 있음을 다양한 방법으로 확인하였다. Pachymic acid에 의한 apoptosis 유도에는 pro-apoptotic 인자들의 발현 증가와 anti-apoptotic 유전자 산물들의 발현 감소가 동반되었으며, MMP의 소실과 tBid의 발현 증가가 관찰되었다. 아울러 pachymic acid는 extrinsic 및 intrinsic apoptosis 경로의 개시에 관여하는 caspase-8 및 -9의 활성뿐 만 아니라, caspase-3의 활성도 증가시킴으로서 PARP와 같은 기질 단백질의 단편화를 초래하였다. 따라서 pachymic acid는 항암활성을 지니는 천연생리활성 물질로서의 잠재력이 매우 높음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.879-884
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• 2004

일품벼 유래 돌연변이 품종의 호화, 노화 및 취반 특성들이 원품종인 일품벼와 현저한 차이를 나타내었다. 외관은 백진주, 설갱이 불투명한 배유 특성을 나타내었고 고아미2호는 상당히 심한 심복백의 특성을 나타내었다. 아밀로스 함량은 백진주가 6.42%로 반찹쌀의 특성을 나타내었으며 고아미2호는 33.96%로 매우 높았다. RVA에 의한 쌀가루 현탁액의 호화 특성은 일품쌀에 비해 백진주는 강하점도치가 높은 반면, 치반점도치는 낮은 특징을 보였다. 그러나 고아미2호는 강하점도치가 현저히 낮았고 치반점도치는 두드러지게 높은 특징을 보였다. DSC와 rheometer를 이용한 전분의 노화도는 고아미2호 > 설갱 ${\fallingdotseq}$ 일품쌀 > 백진주의 순으로 낮아졌다. 밥의 물리적 특성 중 백진주와 설갱이 유의적으로 높은 찰기를 나타내었다. 토요식미계로 측정한 식미지수는 일품쌀 > 백진주 > 설갱 > 고아미2호의 순으로 낮아졌다. 관능평가에서의 식미는 백진주에서 가장 양호하게, 고아미2호에서 가장 나쁘게 평가되었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.132-137
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Allium hookeri on growth performance, bone strength, and blood biochemical profiles in growing broiler chickens. Twelve hundreds of one-day old Arbor Acres male broilers were divided into 6 treatments with 4 replicates and 50 birds per replicate (n=200 chicks/treatment). Chickens fed basal diet (Control), basal diet with commercial X (Positive control) at 0.05% of diet, or each one of the experimental diets (L3, L5, R3, R5) supplemented with the powder of A. hookeri leaf or root at 0.3 and 0.5% of diet respectively for 5 weeks. At the 5th week of feeding the diets, body weight, tibia strength, and blood biochemical profiles including antibody titers were measured. Dietary A. hookeri (L3, L5, R3, R5) significantly increased final body weight than the control group. And the dietary leaf of A. hookeri effectively increased the growth performance than dietary root of A. hookeri. Interestingly dietary leaf of A. hookeri improved tibia strength than the control group and L3 showed the highest value. The antibody titers against infectious bursal disease (IBD) increased with the addition of dietary leaf of A. hookeri compared with positive control, R3, and R5 groups. But there was no significant difference in serum biochemical parameters such as albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, Ca, P, total protein, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. These results suggest that A. hookeri can be used as a good supplement to improve growth performance and health by increasing bone strength and antibody titer against IBD without any anti-nutritional or toxic effects in growing broilers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.19.1-19.7
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• 2016

Background: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.]) is a legume cultivated throughout most tropical countries and is valued as food and feed for human and livestock respectively. The search for an improved cowpea variety has been on-going with the aim of improving traits such as grain yield, drought and pest resistance. But no information exist on the feeding value of these improved varieties. Phosphate (P) fertilizer application is recommended to augment grain yield in grain legumes but data on the effect of P fertilizer on haulm quality is limited. Results: Two separate experiments were conducted to determine the effect of P fertilizer dose on the nutritive value of haulms from different cowpea varieties (V). In experiment 1, effect of three P doses (30, 60 and 90 kg $P_2O_5/ha$) on in vitro gas production (IVGP) characteristics, concentrations of digestible organic matter (DOM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of haulms from five cowpea varieties (Zaayura-SARC 4-75, Songotra-IT97K-499-35, Hewale-IT93K-192-4, IT99K 573-1-1 and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2) were investigated using the $3(P){\times}5(V)$ factorial treatment arrangements in a completely randomized design. In experiment 2, the effects of two P doses (30 and 90 kg $P_2O_5/ha$) and two varieties (Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Hewale-IT93K-192-4) on the voluntary feed intake, live weight, haematology and carcass characteristics of Djallonke lambs were also assessed using a $2(P){\times}2(V)$ factorial treatment arrangement. The $V{\times}P$ interaction significantly affected CP, NDF and ADF with CP concentration increasing with increase in P doses in Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2. Whilst an increase (P < 0.05) in NDF was observed in Songotra-IT97K-499-35and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2 as P doses increased, the other V only increased from P dose 30 to 60 kg/ha and declined at P dose 90 kg/ha. The ADF decreased (P < 0.05) with increase in P dose for all V with the exception of Songotra-IT97K-499-35. There was a significant V effect on DOM with the highest reported in Zaayura-SARC 4-75 (43.44 %). Daily DM intake, carcass length and blood urea nitrogen of the lambs were significantly affected by the V x P interaction. There was a significant V effect on globulin and P effect on live weight at slaughter, dressed weight, chuck, leg, loin, rib and flank and liver and lungs. Conclusion: It can be concluded that nutrient concentrations of cowpea haulms were positively influenced by different P dose and varieties with favorable effects on growth, haematology and carcass composition of lambs. Varieties Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Hewale-IT93K-192-4 at P dose at 90 kg/ha are recommended to enhance growth performance and carcass yield of Djallonke lambs.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.335-340
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• 2004

본 시험은 충청남도 당진군에 소재한 대호간 척지내 시험포장에서 전작물로 벼 재배된 곳을 밭으로 전환하여 공시 초종으로 옥수수 2품종 (수원19호, P3156), 수수$\cdot$수단그라스 2품종 (Jumbo, Speedfeed) 그리고 청예용 피 1품종(제주재래종)를 2002년에서 2003년까지 2년간 수행되었다. 각 작물재배구의 계절별 토양 염류토는 각 작물구 모두 생육초기에는 낮게 유지한 후 기온상승과 함께 약간 높아지는 경향을 보이다가, 장마 후 수확기에는 다시 낮아졌다. 건물수량은 사료용 피가 가장 높았으며 수수x수단그라스 교잡종 그리고 옥수수 순으로 나타났다. 조단백질 함량은 $수수\cdot$수단그라스 교잡종이 가장 높았으며, NDF 함량과 ADF 함량은 사료용 피>수수$\cdot$수단그라스 교잡종>옥수수 순으로 높았으며, 식물체 중 나트륨(Na) 함량은 사료용 피가 옥수수나 수수$\cdot$수단그라스 교잡종 보다 매우 높게 나타났다. 간척농지를 밭으로 전환하여 시험한 결과는 사료가치는 다소 낮지만 생육상황, 건물생산성면에서 사료용 피가 가장 적합한 여름철 사료작물이라 사료된다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.32.1-32.6
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• 2016

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of two different sizes of extruded pellets (EP) ($EP_1$ - 3 mm or $EP_2$ - 5 mm) and a moist pellet (MP) in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, reared in semi-recirculation system. A total of 450 fish with an average initial weight of $5.0{\pm}0.2g$ (mean ${\pm}$ SD) were fed one of the three experimental diets in triplicate groups. At the end of a 6-week feeding trial, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency of fish fed EP diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed MP (P < 0.05). Water quality parameters like turbidity, total ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorous from tanks of fish fed $EP_1$ and $EP_2$ were significantly lower than those from tanks of fish fed MP. Blood plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glucose concentration were significantly higher in fish fed MP diet compared to fish fed EP diets (P < 0.05). Whole body crude protein contents in fish fed EP diets were higher than those from the fish fed MP diet. Whole body amino acid content like threonine, aspartic acid, serine, tyrosine, and cystine were found to be significantly higher in fish fed EP diets than those in fish fed MP diet. In considering overall performance of olive flounder, $EP_2$ diet could be recommended for the successful aquaculture of this important fish species.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권12호
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• pp.61-78
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• 2005

This study was peformed to assess the relationships among bone mineral density(BMD), nutrient intake and lifestyle factors in postmenopausal women. A trained nutritionist examined the interviewed usual dietary intake and physical activity of 85 subjects in Chungnam with a questionnaire interview, and BMDs of the lumbar spines($L_2-L_4$), femoral necks(FN), ward's triangles(WT) and trochanters(TR) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The BMDs(T-score) of $L_2-L_4$, FN, and WT were $0.996g/cm^2(-1.601),\;0.697g/cm^2(-1.697)$, and $0.793g/cm^2(-1.512)$, respectively, which were assessed as osteopenia by T-score,. and TR was normal at $0.718g/cm^2(-0.675)$. Subjects included 85 in Chungnam were divided into three groups according to the BMD measurement of the $L_2-L_4$ and FN assessed by T-score. The percentages of the osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal groups were $32.9\%,\;42.4\%$ and $24.7\%$ respectively. The average age was significantly the highest of the osteoporosis group than in the other two osteopenia or normal groups(P<0.001). Among lifestyle factors, the BMD of lifestyles was significantly related with exercise but it was not significant with medication., salt. intake, bone fracture, coffee consumption, drinking and smoking. The nutrient intake of the subjects was most nutrient intake adequate to the Korean RDA level for most nutrients excepting energy intakes and calcium. The BMD of lumbar spines $L_2-L_4$ showed significant positive association with the intake of most nutrients except carbohydrate, especially in the normal group. The Higher BMD levels were found for those with high intake of protein and vitamin B1. The BMDs of $L_2-L_4$, and FN were positively correlated with showed energy expenditure, exercise, miscellaneous activity, per weekend and week(P<0.05) in normal group but that was showed negatively correlated in the osteopenia group. Therefore, this study confirmed that one of the most effective ways to minimize bone less in postmenopausal women is to maintain an adequate intake of calcium and other nutrients and regular physical activity.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1026-1032
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• 1996

쌀(품종 : 추청벼)의 수침온도$(7^{\circ},\;15^{\circ},\;20^{\circ}30^{\circ}C)$와 수침시간($2{\sim}4$시간)에 따른 이화학적 성질의 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 쌀의 수침시간이 길어짐에 따라 침지액의 pH는 감소하였으며 그 정도는 수침온도가 높을수록 컸다. 고형분의 손실량은 수침온도 $7^{\circ}C$에서는 3.8% 정도, 수침온도$15^{\circ},\;20^{\circ}C$와 $30^{\circ}C$에서는 4.0% 정도로서 수침시간에 따른 차이가 없었다. 단백질은 수침온도에 관계없이 수침 2시간에 현저히 감소하였고, 지방질은 수침 2시간 후에 약간 감소하고 그 이후에 큰 변화를 보이지 않았으나 회분은 수침시간에 따라 직선적으로 감소한 다음 일정한 값을 보였다. 수침한 쌀의 물결합능력은 수침온도 $15^{\circ}C$이상에서 처음에는 증가하다가 어느 시간 이후 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 수침한 쌀의 팽윤력은 수침온도 $7^{\circ}C$에서는 대조구와 차이가 없었으나, 수침온도 $15^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 약간 높은 값을 보였으며 동일한 수침온도에서 수침시간에 따른 변화는 없었다. 쌀가루-요오드 복합체의 625 nm에서의 흡광도는 대조구보다 약간 높았으며, 최대흡수파장은 대조구 558 nm보다 높은 570 nm이었다. 수침한 쌀가루의 아밀로그래프에 의한 호화개시 온도는 수침온도 $7^{\circ}C$에서는 대조구와 같았으나 수침온도 $15^{\circ}C$이상에서는 수침시간에 관계없이 대조구보다 $1.5^{\circ}C$ 낮았다. 최고점도는 모두 대조구보다 높았으며, 동일한 수침온도에서는 수침시간이 길어짐에 따라 증가하였다. 점도붕괴도는 수침한 시료가 모두 대조구보다 큰 값을 보였고 setback은 모두 대조구보다 낮았다. 아밀로그래프의 최고점도의 대수값은 수침온도에 관계없이 일정 수침시간 범위내에서 직선적인 관계를 보였고, 점도증가 속도 상수와 수침온도의 관계로부터 구한 활성화 에너지는 2,320 cal/mole, $Q_{10}$값은 1.14이었다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2015

Objectives : Sparganii Rhizoma is frequently used in traditional herbal medicine for treatment of blood stasis, amenorrhea and functional dyspepsia and has been reported to exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-proliferation and anti-angiogenesis peoperties. In this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effect and underlying mechanism of Sparganii Rhizoma water extract (SRE) against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in hepatocyte. Methods : To determine the effects of SRE on oxidative stress, we induced synergistic cytotoxicity by co-treatment of arachidonic acid (AA) and iron in the HepG2 cell, a human derived hepatocyte cell line. Results : Treatment of SRE increased relative cell viability and altered the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bcl-xL, Bcl-2 and procaspase-3. And SRE also inhibited the mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive reactive oxygen species production induced by AA+iron. In addition, SRE activated of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a potential target for cytoprotection, by increasing the phosphorylation of AMPKα at Thr-172. Morever, SRE increased phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a direct downstream target of AMPK. Conclusion : These results indicated that SRE has the ability to protect against oxidative stress-induced hepatocyte damage, which may be mediated with AMPK pathway.