• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.794-798
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• 2001

$Y_{2-x}SiO_5:Ce_x^{3+}$(x=0.002∼0.04) phosphors were prepared by sol-gel process, amorphous crystal phase was observed in calcining dry gel at 800$^{\circ}$C, but pure $X_2$ type of type $Y_2SiO_5$ phase appeared from heat treatment above 1000$^{\circ}$C. Light absorption of tye $Y_2SiO_5$ host lattice occurred at 230∼360nm, and light absorption of the $Y_{2-x}SiO_5:Ce_x^{3+}$ phosphors was observed at 300∼400nm in adding $Ce^{3+}$. $Y_{2-x}SiO_5:Ce_x^{3+}$ phosphors showed maximum emission shoulder at 436nm. Maximum CL intensities of $Y_{2-x}SiO_5:Ce_x^{3+}$ were observed in adding 0.025 $Ce^{3+}$ and the phosphor showed x=0.161, y=0.124 in color coordinate of CIE1931.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2008

The effect of functional monomers on the acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) property was measured. Design of experiments in order to optimal peel adhesion was applied and commercial program (MINITAB) was used. Analysis was used to mixture design (special cubic model) in response surface methodology. Optimal monomer compositions was construed by 2-EHA (0.8861), EA (0.0639), MAA (0.03) and AAm (0.02). The estimated regression equation was as follows : $$y=54.8816x_1+80.7067x_2-44.4700x_3-99.0288x_1x_2+60.7706x_1x_3-441.030x_2x_3+974.341x_1x_2x_3$$.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.252-255
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• 2017

$Mo_xW_{1-x}Si_2$ heaters were fabricated by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) process and post sintering process. To validate the reliability of the $Mo_xW_{1-x}Si_2$ heaters, the accelerated life test (ALT) was conducted, and then lifetime to $Mo_xW_{1-x}Si_2$ heaters was estimated by using Minitab programs. Also, the failure analysis of $Mo_xW_{1-x}Si_2$ heaters after ALT was performed through electrical and structural properties. As the results, it was confirmed that the dominant failure mode of $Mo_xW_{1-x}Si_2$ heaters is the crack formation in heaters and the delamination of protective $SiO_2$ layers.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.97-100
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• 2004

Tetragonal $K_2NiF_4$-type $La_{2-2x}Sr_{2x}Cu_{1-x}Fe_xO_{4-y}$ solid-solution have been synthesized by citrate based sol-gel method. The valence state of iron was determined by Mossbauer spectroscopy and subsequent iodometric titration clearly showed that the copper ions in this solid-solution are in the mixed valence state Cu(II/III). When x ${\geq}$ 0.3, Fe(III) is competing with the mixture of Cu(II) and Cu(III) and $La_{2-2x}Sr_{2x}Cu_{1-x}Fe_xO_{4-y}$ exhibits a metallic character. No evidence for Cu(II)-O-Fe(IV) ${\leftrightarrow}$ Cu(III)-O-Fe(III) valence degeneracy was observed. In contrast, a small amount of Fe(IV) is observed with increasing x (x = 0.4 and 0.5), revealing a semiconducting behavior. These results suggest that the electronic interaction of Cu(III)-O-Fe(III) contributes greatly to the metallic character, while the electronic interaction of Cu(II)-O-Fe(IV) deteriorates the metallic character of $La_{2-2x}Sr_{2x}Cu_{1-x}Fe_xO_{4-y}$.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.855-866
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• 1995

We prove that if a nals X is reflexive, then $X = W_X + V_X$. We prove also that if an als X has a finite basis, then $X = W_X + V_X$ if and only if X is reflexive.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.497-506
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• 2009

This work studies about the composition polynomial f(g(x)) that preserves certain properties of f(x) and g(x). We shall investigate necessary and sufficient conditions of f(x) and g(x) to be f(g(x)) is separable, solvable by radical or split completely. And we find relationship of Galois groups of f(g(x)), f(x) and of g(x).

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.368-375
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• 2006

Single and complex metal oxide catalysts supported onto a commercial DT51D $TiO_2$ have been investigated for gas-phase TCE oxidation in a continuous flow type fixed-bed reaction system to develop a better design approach to catalysts for this reaction. Among the $TiO_2$-supported single metal oxides used, i.e., $CrO_x,\;FeO_x,\;MnO_x,\;LaO_x,\;CoO_x,\;NiO_x,\;CeO_x\;and\;CuO_x$, with the respective metal contents of 5 wt.%, the $CrO_x/TiO_2$ catalyst was shown to be most active for the oxidative TCE decomposition, depending significantly on amounts of $CrO_x\;on\;TiO_2$. The use of high $CrO_x$ loadings greater than 10 wt.% caused lower activity in the catalytic TCE oxidation, which is probably due to production of $Cr_2O_3$ crystallites on the surface of $TiO_2$. $CrO_x/TiO_2$-supported $CrO_x$-based bimetallic oxide catalysts were of particular interest in removal efficiency for this TCE oxidation reaction at reaction temperatures above $200^{\circ}C$, compared to that obtained with $CrO_x$-free complex metal oxides and a 10 wt.% $CrO_x/TiO_2$ catalyst. Catalytic activity of 5 wt.% $CrO_x-5$ wt.% $LaO_x$ in the removal reaction was similar to or slightly higher than that acquired for the $CrO_x$-only catalyst. Similar observation was revealed for 5 wt.% $CrO_x$-based bimetallic oxides consisting of either 5 wt.% $MnO_x,\;CoO_x,\;NiO_x\;or\;FeO_x$. These results represent that such $CrO_x$-based bimetallic systems for the catalytic TCE oxidation on significantly minimize the usage of $CrO_x$ that is well known to be one of very toxic heavy metals, and offer a very useful technique to design new type catalysts for reducing chlorinated volatile organic substances.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.643-649
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• 2018

Let M be a connected n-dimensional submanifold of a Euclidean space $E^{n+k}$ equipped with the induced metric and ${\Delta}$ its Laplacian. If the position vector x of M is decomposed as a sum of three vectors $x=x_1+x_2+x_0$ where two vectors $x_1$ and $x_2$ are non-constant eigenvectors of the Laplacian, i.e., ${\Delta}x_i={\lambda}_ix_i$, i = 1, 2 (${\lambda}_i{\in}R$) and $x_0$ is a constant vector, then, M is called a 2-type submanifold. In this paper we proved that a connected 2-type hypersurface M in $E^{n+1}$ whose postion vector x satisfies ${\langle}{\Delta}x,x-x_0{\rangle}=c$ for a constant c, where ${\langle}$, ${\rangle}$ is the usual inner product in $E^{n+1}$, is of null 2-type and has constant mean curvature and scalar curvature.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.309-318
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• 2006

Let X and Y be real Banach spaces and ${\varepsilon}\;>\;0$, p > 1. Let f : $X\;{\to}\;Y$ be a bijective mapping with f(0) = 0 satisfying $$|\;{\parallel}f(x)-f(y){\parallel}-{\parallel}{x}-y{\parallel}\;|\;{\leq}{\varepsilon}{\parallel}{x}-y{\parallel}^p$$ for all $x\;{\in}\;X$ and, let $f^{-1}\;:\;Y\;{\to}\;X$ be uniformly continuous. Then there exist a constant ${\delta}\;>\;0$ and N(${\varepsilon},p$) such that lim N(${\varepsilon},p$)=0 and a unique surjective isometry I : X ${\to}$ Y satisfying ${\parallel}f(x)-I(x){\parallel}{\leq}N({\varepsilon,p}){\parallel}x{\parallel}^p$ for all $x\;{\in}\;X\;with\;{\parallel}x{\parallel}{\leq}{\delta}$.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.59-61
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• 1978

Let $X_1$, $X_2$, ${\cdots}$, $X_n$ be i.i.d. uniform (0,1) random variables. Let $f_n(x)$ denote the probability density function (p.d.f.) of $T_n={\sum}^n_{i=1}X_i$. Consider a set S(x ; ${\delta}$) of lattice points defined by S(x ; ${\delta}$) = $x{\mid}x={\delta}+j$, j=0, 1, ${\cdots}$, n-1, $0{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}1$} The lattice distribution induced by the p.d.f. of $T_n$ is defined as follow: (1) $f_n^{(\delta)}(x)=\{f_n(x)\;if\;x{\in}S(x;{\delta})\\0\;otherwise.$. In this paper we show that $f_n{^{(\delta)}}(x)$ is a probability function thus we obtain a family of lattice distributions {$f_n{^{(\delta)}}(x)$ : $0{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}1$}, that the mean and variance of the lattice distributions are independent of ${\delta}$.