• 한국인구학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.139-161
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• 2002

1980년대말 남녀고용평등법의 제정으로 성차별적 고용관행에 대한 제도적 제재가 선언된다. 1980년대 후반까지 결혼퇴직제가 보편화되었었고 이러한 관행은 여성의 경력 단축과, 임금이나 업무배치에 부정적 영향을 미쳤다. 1980년대 후반부터 가속화된 여성 고용에 대한 사회제도적 변화가 고학력 여성의 노동시장참여에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는가를 본 연구에서는 살피려고 한다. 구체적으로 젊은세대에서 교육효과는 어떻게 변화하였으며, 결혼이나 가족이라는 여건이 이들 세대에서는 취업과 관련하여 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 검토하려고 하였다. 이것을 위해 여성개발원의 2001년 취업실태조사 자료가 이용되었다. 노동시장참여와 관련하여 젊은세대에서 어떤 변화가 보이고 있다. 본 연구에서 알 수 있는 것은 교육효과의 변화이다. 이전 세대의 부정적 교육효과는 사라지거나 긍정적인 것으로 나타나고 있다. 물론 아직도 교육효과가 미약하게 나타나고 있지만, 이러한 변화는 주목할 만하다. 전반적으로 가족 여건이라는 것이 여성이 일하는 것을 어렵게 하고있다. 기혼여성의 경우 미혼여성과는 달리 여성 자신의 일에 대한 태도가 노동시장 참여에 영향을 미치지 않는다. 놀라운 것은 가족이라는 맥락에서는 일에 대한 여성자신의 의견은 중요하지 않지만, 남편의 의견은 중요하게 나타난다는 것이다. 이것을 통해서 아직도 젊은세대에서도 여성의 의견이 남편의 의견에 종속되고 있다는 것을 것을 알 수 있다. 34세 이하 젊은 세대 여성을 고려할 때, 가족이라는 맥락에서는 교육효과도 크게 약화되는 것을 알 수 있다. 펄은 세대에서도 대졸이상의 학력이라는 것이 결혼하지 않았을 때는 여성의 일과 관련하여 의미 있게 작용하지만, 가족이라는 맥락에 처하면, 별 의미가 얼다. 물론, 젊은 세대에서 교육과 관련된 긍정적인 변화가 엿보이기는 하지만, 과거 세대와 마찬가지로 여전히 결혼이나 가족의 여건은 여성취업에 부정적으로 영향을 미치고 있으며 고학력 여성의 경우 이것의 영향을 더 많이 받는다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.331-342
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• 2019

Objectives: This study examines the intake of food and nutrients of children according to the employment and working hours of their mothers. Methods: The married women in the source data from the 6th National Health and Nutrition Survey were classified into full-time working mothers, part-time working mothers and housewives according to the working type and the data on their children from 3 to 18 years old were analyzed using SAS 9.4. Results: The group from 3 to 5 years old was the smallest group with 682 children (20.2%), followed by the group from 6 to 11 years with 1,345 children (39.8%) and the group from 12 to 18 years old with 1,355 children (40.1%). The lowest rates for having no breakfast and dinner were observed in the group with housewives (p<0.05). The calcium and phosphorous intakes were the highest in the group with housewives at 61.9% and 126.8%, respectively, and the lowest in the group with full-time working mothers at 54.7% and 115.3%, respectively (p<0.05). The group with full-time working mothers had the highest rate in the calcium and iron intake less than the dietary reference intake at 74.9% and 30.0%, respectively. It indicated that the group with full-time working mothers did not have sufficient nutrients as compared to the other two groups. Moreover, the group with the part-time working mothers showed the high vitamin A intake ratio of 41.4% (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study found evidence of a negative association between mother's employment status and children's diet quality. The employment and economic activity of married women will continuously increase in the future. Therefore, a national nutrition policy is required to provide quality nutrition care for children in the households.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2002

A uniform is generated in the course of confirming a singular mode of dress that is adopted by a community for a specific purpose. In particular, women's uniform has a close relations to their position in the community they belong to. And women's uniform has closely been associated with finding ways into their communities over the centuries, and is part of women's development process. Women's history of using organized uniforms has not been longer than men's. Their realm of activities began to be enlarged due to the World War, and women's uniform has gradually settled down and moved toward diversity. The origin of many uniforms worn by today's women can be traced back to the end of the last century, and this fact indicates that women started to find their ways into many new fields at that time. There has been a lot of changes until current women's uniforms come out. It's intended in this study to contribute to designing more creative and productive women's uniform, by taking a careful look at typical early uniforms for service personnels, nannies, nurses and soldiers that are an indication of their work and working environment.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2008

Recently, there are many research of musculoskeletal disorders in manufacturing industry because of increasing interest of that disorders, but the research is still lacking in the small business and service industry. So we researched relationship between working characteristics and subjective symptoms associated with musculoskeletal disorders by get information of 145 hairdresser about working hour, work record, position and working pattern. The results of this research show that there are many musculoskeletal disorders of hairdressers' neck, shoulder, arm, knee and also close relationship between working characteristics and subjective symptoms associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Besides, some parts of subjective symptoms have an effect on other parts of body. This information contributes to future reference and a precautionary measure about musculoskeletal disorders for hairdressers.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.191-204
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data necessary for improvement by closely examining factors of having influence upon dental technicians' turnover. Questionnaire survey was conducted of 204 dental technicians who work at dental hospitals, clinics and dental laboratory rooms in Daegu area. The following conclusions were obtained. The satisfaction with job was high in job position in more than co-representative, in the whole and other task, and in less than 9 hours as for working hours. In the satisfaction with working environment, dissatisfaction was high in women, in the working career with 7~9 years, in chief level as for the job position in charge, in being responsible for porcelain in case of the duty field, and in more than 10 people as for the number of employees. The higher satisfaction with job satisfaction and working environment led to the lower turnover intention. Turnover intention was low in case of having ventilation fan & dust collector desk and in case of being well ventilated inside the workshop. As the above results, it is considered to be necessary for arranging institutional device of protecting dental technicians' health and reducing turnover through improving working environment such as forming comfortable environment of using the dust-collecting facilities and the ventilation facilities, wearing suitable individual protective gear and arranging the rest space.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.77-93
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• 2019

Recently, office workers are increasingly aware of the right to disconnect because of the pressure from strong connections with Internet messengers. In this study, we examined the reason why the perception of the right to disconnect increases and how to deal with it. This research model is that smart working and psychological attachment from work affect right to disconnect, and that open communication and gender moderate the intensity of these effects. To verify this research model, survey questionnaires were distributed to workers in smart working environments, and 400 data were collected and analyzed using Smart-PLS. As results of data analysis, it was verified that smart working and psychological attachment from work had a significant influence on right to disconnect, that open communication group had a lesser effect of psychological attachment from work on right to disconnect than closed communication group, and that women had a lesser effect of psychological attachment from work on right to disconnect than men. Organizations need to maintain a desirable level of right to disconnect in order to improve the quality of working life. But, if it is impossible, They need to change the way of communication more openly so as to absorb the burden of strong connection by Internet. And they need to perform task assignment or stress relief policy reflecting gender characteristics.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.463-495
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to obtain a fundamental data for developing a policy concerning women and child rearing and a parent education program for young parents who are around their childbirth, a period crucially important both for the parents in terms of the role adjustment, career management, and family finance, and for the infants in terms of its physical and psychological well-being. The subjects were 509 mothers before and after childbirth currently living in the Metropolitan City of Daejeon. Data were obtained through questionnaires and interviews in two major areas of pregnancy-delivery-childcare and parent education. Data were analyzed using SAS, mostly through frequency analysis, percentiles, t-tests, and F-tests. Results of descriptive analyses were organized along the following areas and issues: Pregnancy(family planning, regular check-ups, difficulties, prenatal education, costs, etc.); delivery(type of delivery, delivery related experience, costs, clinic/medical institute of choice, worries/problems, help/supports, etc.); postpartum care(place, kinds of help and helper, costs, postpartum care facilities, etc.); childcare circumstances(place, carer, time schedules, childcare centers or facilities feeding and weaning, etc.); husband's attitudes and involvement in the overall process; working mothers(maternity leave, temporary retirement for child rearing, etc.); and, parent education(family planning, pregnancy, delivery, postpartum care, child rearing, areas or issues needing parent education, facilitative and hindering factors to ideal parenting, etc.). Differences between groups of pregnant mothers and postpartum mothers, working- and non-working mothers, groups of different income levels, mothers and fathers of different educational levels, mothers of first pregnancy(or childbirth) and experienced mothers were also analyzed. Several conclusions with suggestions were drawn in relation to the need for strong implementation as well as developing of policies on women and childcare and for developing a new parent education program for parents before and after childbirth.

• Architectural research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2020

This paper reports problems of current working environment on construction site in South Korea from a female laborers' point of view and proposes solutions to improve the environment. To investigate and analyze the problems, a questionnaire survey and a focus group interview were conducted with 341 engineers and 557 laborers. Among them female engineers and female laborers were 51 and 136 respectively. Findings are the facilities related with welfare facilities such as lavatories, shower rooms, lounges and changing room, etc. for women were not sufficient and even not installed only for women because all of the planners for the facilities were men and The Standard of Estimate does not consider gender distinction. The data on the trade and the number of female laborers were not recorded and this study confirmed the number and the proportion of female laborers according to construction progress i.e. the proportion of female laborers were 0% ~ 11% (average 6%) at 26 construction sites having 2% ~ 92 % construction progress. In order to solve these problems, gender education for the welfare facility planner is required and the current Standard of Estimate should be revised considering female laborers after collecting the site data for the number of female laborers according progress and the increase in the construction cost should be reflected in the contract amount accordingly. Conclusively temporary work planning related with welfare facilities should be established and conducted in terms of gender equality at construction sites. In addition, improving working environment on construction sites for female laborers will enhance the company's image and also helping solve the labor shortage problem by women laborers engaging in construction industry easily.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.81-94
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to identify the possibility of unemployed married women's economic activity by analysing their willingness to work and possible influencial factors on it. This study estimates the effects of independent variables on the dependent available by using Binomial Probit Model. sample are 592 two-parent households. The results of this study are as follows ; The percentage of unemployed married women's willingness to enter into the labor market is 25.2%. Among the variables which have affected their willingness are family variables(family size, the number of children and the existence of children under the age of 6), personal variables(the age, education level and the past working experience) and financial variables(non-wage income, Engel's coefficient, expenditure o leisure activities and the subject judgement of their financial status). It is hard to accept those women's low willingness as is since the most crucial statistically was especially the children of 6 or less among the family variables. That is to say, more favorable conditions of the labor market and inexpensive day-care centres available would certainly encourage married women to be more willing to participate in economic activities as employees.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2004

This study has examined factors of young married women's new entry in labor market after the birth of their first child. For the dynamic analysis, the Cox Regression Hazard Model is applied. The following results are obtained： First, about 33％ of married women who did not have a job at the pre-birth enter in labor market at the post-birth. Second, compared to those out of the labor force, women who succeeded in finding their first jobs after the birth of their first child are more likely to be younger, have baby-sitters, have working experiences in the past, and have lower level of household income. Third, age, having baby-sitter and the experience of job transition are vital factors in entering the labor market after the first child birth.