• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.155-164
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• 1995

For efficient operation, vital hand controls must be easily controlled by the operator from his normal working position. The primary working area based on operator's working comfort was developed to serve as a design guideline tothe control panel layout. Ten male subjects participated in the experiment in which working comfort was measured for two controls of a lever type control and a knob type control with respect to the frontal and sagittal distances from the body center and the slope of a workplace. The response surface methodolgy using a central composite design was employed to develop a prediction model for perceived working comfort of each control. Both controls have a similar pattern of comfortable working area, but the lever type control has slightly broader working area. The concept of the proposed working area is a significant extension to the conventional working area such as Farley's or Squires' curves. It is shown that the distance toa control device and the slope have a quadratic effect to working comfort. It is noticeable that comfortable working area exists outside the conventional working area. The result of the response surface analysis also indicated that a little slope of about 15 .deg. for a control panel improves working comfort.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyze the preferences for urban residence. Data was collected from the people who are working in the CBD area. The results of this study are as following; 1) The 40.3% of people working in CBD area prefer living in the CBD area. It contains 5.6% of people who are working in the CBD area. It can be interpreted that there are some potential residential preference in the CBA area. 2) People who prefer living in the CBD area are shown that they have been working in the CBD area for a long time with their living status of the middle class and their ages over 50. 3) The favorable area for CBD workers is located within 10 minutes by bus or within working distance. 4) Their favorable housing types are respectively apartments, mixed, and single housing. It means that they prefer the mixed functioning type of housing to the apartment. It tells that it is necessary to develop the new types of housing.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.11 no.4 s.27
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• pp.178-197
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• 2005

This study aims at determining what affects lighting environment of a kitchen in a Japanese restaurant in a hotel and at analyzing. cooks' perception during cooking and appropriate lighting they consider to be important in each working area. For this purpose, 196 cooks working in Japanese restaurants in first-class hotels participated in a survey. After analyzing the results, cooks attach importance to illumination during cooking, and the more inappropriate luminosity is in each working area, the lower appropriateness of luminosity recognized by cooks is. And there is strong correlation between lighting environment items and illumination in each working area. The results suggest that cooks working in a Japanese restaurant in a hotel should be provided with good lighting environment appropriate for each working area. On this ground, it is expected that cooks will see their health and productivity improving.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.419-431
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to provide the correct knowledge on GDM(Gestational Diabetes Mellitus) to nurses for effective care of pregnant women with GDM by investigating the knowledge of nurses about GDM. The subjects of this study were 557 nurses who work at six general hospitals in Seoul and Gyung-Gi province of Korea. The data were collected from November, 2000 to December, 2000, using a 30-item knowledge questionnaire about GDM consisted of eight areas developed by Choi et al. (2000): characteristics and diagnosis, influence on pregnancy, goal and method of management, diet therapy, exercise therapy, insulin therapy, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia and postpartum care of GDM. The data were analyzed by SAS program for t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of knowledge on GDM was 23.18. 2. There were significant differences according to age(p= 0.002), education background (p= 0.045). working period(p= 0.000), working unit(p= 0000), working experience of obstetric and gynecologic (OS & GY) units(p= 0.000), experience of pregnancy (p=0.003) and experience of delivery (p=0.014) in GDM knowledge. 3. The level of each area on GDM knowledge was as follows; 1) Area of characteristics and diagnosis of GDM The mean score of this area was 0.79. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by age(p=0.003), marital status (p=0.018), working period(p=0.002) working unit(p=0.007), working experience of OB & GY units(p=0.005), experience of pregnancy(p=0.034) and experience of delivery(p=0.033). 2) Area of influence on pregnancy The mean score of this area was 0.93. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by age(p=0.006), working unit (p=0.000) and working experience of OB & GY units(p= 0.000). 3) Area of goal and method of management The mean score of this area was 0.70. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by age(p=0.004), region(p=0.006), education background(p=0.013), marital status(p=0.007), working period(p=0.000), working unit(p=0.011), working experience of OB & GY units(p=0.002), experience of pregnancy(p=0.025) and experience of delivery(p=0.043). 4) Area of diet therapy. The mean score of this area was 0.74. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by age(p=0.002), region(p=0.011), marital status (p=0.001). working period (p=0.007). working unit(p=0.002), working experience of OB & GY units(p=0.001), experience of pregnancy(p=0.001), experience of delivery(p=0.011) and diabetes patients in family members(p=0.032). 5) Area of exercise therapy. The mean score of this area was 0.83. There were not significant differences in all general characteristics. 6) Area of insulin therapy The mean score of this area was 0.61. Nurses' knowledges were significant differences by age (p=0.024), marital status (p=0.048), working period(p=0.027), working unit(p=0.002), working experience of OB & GY units(p=0.000), experience of pregnancy (p=0.047) and experience of delivery(p=0.040). 7) Area of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. The mean score of this area was 0.83. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by marital status (p=0.027), working period(p=0.001). experience of pregnancy(p=0.020) and experience of delivery(p=0.010). 8) Area of postpartum care The mean score of this area was 0.69. Nurses' knowledges were significantly different by working unit(p=0.000), working experience of OB & GY units (p=0.000) and working experience of medical unit(p=0.047). The results of this study are suggested that nurses might be taught systemically and individually about GDM so that they can become more proficient in detecting and preventing GDM, and therefore they will feel confident to teach GDM to women.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.14-22
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• 2016

This paper presents a stochastic and predictive working-risk-assessment algorithm for excavators based on a one-layer laser scanner. The one-layer laser scanner is employed to detect objects and to estimate an object's dynamic behaviors such as the position, velocity, heading angle, and heading rate. To estimate the state variables, extended and linear Kalman filters are applied in consideration of laser-scanner information as the measurements. The excavator's working area is derived based on a kinematic analysis of the excavator's working parts. With the estimated dynamic behaviors and the kinematic analysis of the excavator's working parts, an object's behavior and the excavator's working area such as the maximum, actual, and predicted areas are computed for a working risk assessment. The four working-risk levels are defined using the predicted behavior and the working area, and the intersection-area-based quantitative-risk level has been computed. An actual test-data-based performance evaluation of the designed stochastic and predictive risk-assessment algorithm is conducted using a typical working scenario. The results show that the algorithm can evaluate the working-risk levels of the excavator during its operation.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.204-213
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• 2015

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between working conditions and smoking among Korean employees using nationally representative data. Methods: We analyzed data from the Third Korean Working Conditions Survey to identify associations between various working conditions and smoking. We calculated the smoking prevalence depending on individual characteristics and working conditions. Also, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between working conditions and smoking. Results: Company size, occupation type, employment type, working hours, working-time flexibility, and smoking-area policy were related to smoking among male employees, while company size, occupation type, employment type, and smoking-area policy were associated with smoking prevalence among females. Conclusion: Our results indicate that working conditions influence smoking prevalence, and the implementation of smoke-free policies is needed to target specific working conditions, including a strict no-smoking-area policy.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2023

This paper shows a design of a gripper with an adjustable working area to depalletize a delivery cardboard box of various sizes. The gripper should pick the box with only one flat surface to lift the boxes stacked close to each other. The lift force of the gripper is the vacuum suction force. To handle boxes of various sizes, the gripper adjusts the working area. The gripper operates four vacuum generators independently. The simultaneous rotation on different axes of four gripper-arms with suction cups moves the position of suction force. The six operation modes of the gripper are divided into the size of the working area. The operation mode is determined according to the size of the top side of the box. Experiments are conducted by lifting the box of various sizes. The gripper can pick the box of various sizes without vacuum leaks from unused cups. Also, the experiments verify the improvement of stability of the box by adjusting the working area of the gripper. The gripper can lift the box without deformation of the box by adjusting the working area.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2000

For efficient operation, vital hand controls must be easily controlled by the operator from his or her normal working position. The primary working area based on the operator-perceived working comfort was developed to serve as a design guideline to the control panel layout. Six male and four female subjects voluntarily participated in the experiment in which working comfort was measured for two types of controls - knob and lever. The operator-perceived working comfort was examined for the frontal and sagittal distances from the body center and the slope of a work surface. The response surface methodology using a central composite design was employed to develop a prediction model for operator's working comfort on each type of controls. The proposed working areas based on the actual working comfort of an operator avoided the dichotomy that considers only the reachability of control devices, and showed a distinct shape, when compared to the existing normal working areas following the Farley's concept. It was shown that the distance from the body to control devices and the slope of a work surface have a quadratic relationship to the working comfort, and that the most comfortable area for seated tasks is located at the distance of about 2∼4 cm in the sagittal direction and about 42∼43 cm in the frontal direction from the shoulder, respectively. It was also found that the working comfort varies within the working area even at the positions with an equal distance from the body. It is expected that the isocomfort working area generated in the study will be used as a useful guideline for control panel layout.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.160-160
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• 2000

An optimization approach is used to solve the division problem of working area, and a cost function is defined to represent the constraints on the solution, which is then mapped onto the Hopfield neural network for minimization. Each neuron in the network represents a possible combination among many components. Division is achieved by initializing each neuron that represents a possible combination and then allowing the network settle down into a stable state. The network uses the initialized inputs and the compatibility measures among components in order to divide working area.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.88-95
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• 2007

In this paper, the authors discussed the overview of a method for estimating working area for development of a monitoring system for labor management using RFID technology. RSSI (Receive Signal Strength Indication) data of RFID tag was obtained from readers set around the indoor space. An estimating model of the working area was prepared. The model had a range of the percentage of correctly classified from 61% to 95%. According to the result, the possibility of the monitoring system and the factors necessary to develop for practical were proposed.