• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 1997

In this study we tried to give a decision on propriety of working conditions, to present ideas on reducing work loads. and to grope for efficiency of agricultural works. For this we examined the actual conditions of working environment, farmer's clothes, working posture, working methods, working time, resting state, fatigue recovery methods during cultivating lettuce in the winter greenhouse. And Ive improved harmful factors that affect farmer's health by considering results of previous study and farmer's subjective sensation. And we measured, compared, and analyzed the farmer's work loads before and after improvement. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. According to examine the actual conditions of cultivating lettuce in the winter greenhouse, farmers have experienced physical and mental chronic fatigue on the basis of the hot and humid crops-centered working environment, the rough ground condition, inconsistent arrangement of working stand and sorter, heavy-weared habits. and unsuitable working posture. 2. When we improved harmful factors that affect farmer's health, conformed the positive effects on important work efficiency index such as heart rate, electromyovolume, body temperature, and microclimate inside clothing and work loads were decreased by improving the hot and humid working environment, eliminating the hillock and obstacles of working path. deliver way, arranging the working stand and sorter consistantly, decreasing the clothing weight, improving the working postures and methods as using assistant appliances, alloting the working time and sequence effectively and presenting the light gymnastic exercises and rest for fatigue restoration.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.378-385
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• 2017

Background: The present rapid shift of industrialization from developed to developing countries requires developing countries to understand issues related to work organization, management, and working conditions. There are many factors slackening production, of which working conditions is part. A complete inquiry into the workers' working conditions can enable managements to reduce risks in the workplaces and improve productivity. Understanding and awareness of the benefits of workplace research and a probe into the working conditions in the Ugandan apparel assembly plants are urgently required. Methods: A total of 103 (70 women and 33 men) workers from five different plants were interviewed. Together with the top management of various plants, questionnaires about the workers' opinions of their physical working conditions were prepared. Data was collected using two methods: (1) questionnaire; and (2) observation of the workers during their work. Results: The results indicated that poor plant working conditions were mainly contributed by the workers' social factors and the management policies. Conclusion: The government, together with the management, should work to improve the working conditions in the apparel assembly plants, as it greatly affects both.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.1569-1576
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• 2011

To install heavy structures in the railway bridges, crane methods or launching methods using temporary structure have been applied. These methods are uneconomical because working yard is required, temporary cut of rail system, etc. In this study, various construction methods has been developed which are suitable to the filed conditions. In the case of simple span structure like plate girder bridges, the girder is loaded to troy system at the working yard and then transferred to the working place. To lift and lower the girder system, a new transfer system was developed. Different methods each for simple span bridge girder and long span girder were developed and detailed work procedures were proposed. Using these methods, the heavy structures can be installed with simple and safe work procedures and the construction cost and duration can be reduced.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.204-213
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• 2015

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between working conditions and smoking among Korean employees using nationally representative data. Methods: We analyzed data from the Third Korean Working Conditions Survey to identify associations between various working conditions and smoking. We calculated the smoking prevalence depending on individual characteristics and working conditions. Also, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between working conditions and smoking. Results: Company size, occupation type, employment type, working hours, working-time flexibility, and smoking-area policy were related to smoking among male employees, while company size, occupation type, employment type, and smoking-area policy were associated with smoking prevalence among females. Conclusion: Our results indicate that working conditions influence smoking prevalence, and the implementation of smoke-free policies is needed to target specific working conditions, including a strict no-smoking-area policy.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.55-77
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• 2008

After the economic crisis of Korea, the character of Korean Poverty has changed. Most notably, many people are working but poor. Therefore it is important to understand the characteristics of the working poor, especially the unstable work experiences of the working poor since one of the causes of poverty is that. Prior research about the working poor has not fully proven this issue. This study is to examine the job sequences of the working poor. Thus I utilized the KLIPS(Korea Labor and Income Study), and analyzed it by event sequence analysis and optimal matching methods. The job sequences are divided as follows: total years of working in the labor market, the number of gaps and the length of gaps in their careers, and the characteristics of experienced jobs since they have entered the labor market from age 15. As a result, there are no statistically significant in the total years of working in the labor market. And the number of gaps and the length of gaps in their careers, and the characteristics of experienced jobs show that working poor have been experiencing more unstable than non-poor. Thus, almost all of the male working poor has unstable jobs their whole lives, and the female working poor's job sequences show distinct features according to women's life course. These results can give political implications to the anti-poverty policy in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2003

The main purpose of this study is to obtain forest scenic beauty management informations toward forest working systems in pinus densiflora forest stands, etc. To get these information, visual preference and spatial image analysis methods are used. 25 different alternatives were simulated to visualize on basis of actual forest working methods with taken photos from May to July, 2003. The options were illustrated as photos produced by computer software. Respondents' ratings for 25 landscape scenes were obtained by interview survey method. Each alternatives were evaluated by forest major student group with total 103 respondents after reliability test. Visual preference evaluation was used 10 point rating scale. Spatial images of 12 alternatives were measured by 12 semantic differential scale. In general, the respondents preferred refreshing and ordering forest stand after forest working to natural forest stand before forest working. High visual preference for forest density produces 400-600 trees/ha in small diameter class forest stands. Regarding visual preference according to pavement type of trail, soil trail is ranked high. Visual preference for cutting area ranks mature forest stand and visual preference for trail slope cover type ranks shrub with grass as relatively high on the preference scale. Through the factor analysis, spatial images of 12 coniferous forest stands are classified as 'ordered opened' and 'beautiful healthy'. Results indicate how to conduct forest working systems for forest scenic beauty management.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.138-150
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• 2013

This paper is purposed to study on the Influence of Working Condition and Job Satisfaction on the change of occupation of Cosmetologist(Hair & Skin Care) to reduce cosmetologist change of occupation. The research methods are surveying with 250 persons & doing statistics analysis such as frequency, factor, regression analysis, using SPSS V.14. The results are as belows; 1. working conditions are reduced by two factors (1) welfare working condition, (2) basic working condition, and job satisfactions are reduced by one factor job satisfaction. 2. There is a relationship demographic characteristics, such as years, income/month, number of colleague in working area, working time/day, day off/month, with change of occupation. 3. There is a relationship working condition with change of occupation. 4. There is a relationship job satisfaction with change of occupation.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.502-506
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• 2013

The cash flow forecasting is normally done by contractors in construction industry at early stages of the project for contractual decisions. The decision making in such situations involve uncertainty about future cash flows and assessment of working capital requirements gains more importance in projects constrained by cash. The traditional approach to assess the working capital requirements is deterministic in and neglects the uncertainty. This paper presents an alternate approach to assessment of working capital requirements for contractor based on fuzzy set theory by considering the uncertainty and ambiguity involved at payment periods. Statistical methods are used to deal with the uncertainty for working capital curves. Membership functions of the fuzzy sets are developed based on these statistical measures. Advantage of fuzzy peak working capital requirements is demonstrated using peak working capital requirements curves. Fuzzy peak working capital requirements curves are compared with deterministic curves and the results are analyzed. Fuzzy weighted average methodology is proposed for the assessment of peak working capital requirements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.666-669
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• 2003

Recently, telecommunications industry undergoes the rapid environment change such as the rapid technology development, shortening of product life cycle and so on. ITU-T as the representative international standardization organization reforms working methods for coping with the change of telecommunications environment and more efficient standardization. In this paper, we will examine the change of standardization working methods of ITU-T coping with the change of telecommunications environment and suggest a national policy to promote the efficient international standardization.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.253-260
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• 2014

Purpose: This study investigated the harvesting properties of the giant miscanthus (Miscanthus ${\times}$ giganteus) to measure the required mowing power for different stem conditioning methods in order to shorten the drying time after mowing and the bale density so that the crop can be used as biomass in the winter season. Methods: The required mowing power and bale density were measured using a power measurement device, three different mower-conditioners, and a mid-sized round baler under different working speeds and conditioning methods. Results: For the various mower-conditioners, the average stem length from mowing was 0.86-0.91 m, and the available working speed was 1.6 m/s. The steel roller-type mower-conditioner showed better stem conditioning but could not mow over a working speed of 1.6 m/s. The required average power of the mower-conditioners varied from 23.8 kW for the steel roller-type rotary disk mower-conditioner with a working width of 2.4 m to 37.2 kW for the flail-type rotary disk mower-conditioner with a working width of 3.2 m at a working speed of 1.6 m/s. The bale densities were $155.8-172.2kg/m^3$. The highest bale density was measured for stems with no conditioning and a moisture content of 11.3% (d.b.) mowed by the rotary disk mower. The bale density was affected by the mowing method because of the low moisture content of the miscanthus stems. Conclusions: In terms of the working performance and conditioning statue, the steel roller-type mower-conditioner is a better choice at a working width of 2.4 m, while the flail finger-type mower-conditioner is better at a working width of 3.2 m. The type of mower-conditioner used for giant miscanthus harvesting should be determined by considering the harvest area, workable period, and working performance of a mower-conditioner and baler during the winter.