• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.381-388
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• 1984

객토원(客土源)을 구(求)하기 어려운 평야지(平野地) 사질답(砂質畓)의 토양개량제(土壤改良劑)로서 객토대체자원(客土代替資源)으로 Zeolite 시용(施用)의 가능성(可能性)을 검토(檢討)하기 위하여 포장시험(圃場試驗)과 실내시험(室內試驗) 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 점토함량(粘土含量) 16%인 토양(土壤)에 규산(珪酸)을 적량시용(適量施用)하고 질소(窒素)를 흡착(吸着)시킨 Zeolite 시용(施用)은 벼 생육(生育) 및 수량(收量)에 있어 객토(客土) 40M/T/10a 시용(施用)과 동등(同等)한 효과(效果)가 인정(認定)되었다. 2. 최고수량(最高收量)을 낸 질소시용량(窒素施用量)은 무개량구(無改良區), 객토(客土), Zeolite구(區)에서 각각(各各) 15.0, 18.2, 18.1kg/10a 이었다. 3. 객토구(客土區)와 Zeolite구(區)에서 수확기(收穫期) 질소(窒素) 및 $SiO_2$, 흡수량(吸收量)이 무개량구(無改良區)에 비(比)해 현저(顯著)히 많았다. 4. 토양(土壤), 객토원(客土源) 및 Zeolite의 암모늄 흡착양상(吸着樣相)은 Langmuir 등(等) 온흡착식(溫吸着式)을 따랐고 암모늄 최대흡착(最大吸着)은 각각(各各) 16.7, 20.5, 890mg/10a이었다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.395-401
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• 2008

본 연구는 누적외상성질환 예방을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위한 목적으로 선원 재교육기관에서 교육이수중인 569명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 최근 12개월동안 누적외상성질환 증상을 경험한 선원은 68.5%였으며, 근무시간이 길수록(p<0.01), 승선경력이 많을수록(p<0.01) 증상경험이 높았고, 직무만족도는 낮을수록 증상 경험이 높았다(p<0.05). 신체부위별 증상 경험은 허리 43.6%, 무릎 23.9%, 어깨 19.3% 순으로 높은 빈도를 보였으며, 해기사가 부원보다 목 부위만 유의하게 높게 나타났고(p<0.01), 기관부가 갑판부 보다 팔꿈치의 증상경험이 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 통증지속기간은 7일 이하가 55.4%로 가장 많았고, 8-29일이하 20.6%, 30일이상 24%로 조사되었다. 증상 유발원인은 과중한 노동이 34.5%로 가장 높고, 원인불명이 30.1%로 조사되었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.127-138
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is provide a basic data for the prevention and management of musculoskeletal symptoms in Korea seamen. 569 seamen's questionnaire had been acquired at Korea Marine Training and Research Institute from February 24 to March 31 in 1997, The results of this study were as follows; Prevalence in musculoskeletal symptom within recent 12 months was 68.5% . It was 3% in seamen who had graduated from colleges or universities and 56.0% in seamen who had graduated from elementary school(p<0.01). The more working hours(p<0.01), servies on the vessel(p<0.01), and the less job satisfaction(p<0.05), the higher prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms were. The distribution of musculoskeletal symptoms by the part of the body was turned out as Back ; 43.6%, knee : 23.9%, shoulder : 19.3%. The officers had more frequency of symptom around the neck than the ratings(p<0.01) and the seamen who work at the engine room were more frequent in elbow than those at deck department(p<0.05). In the duration of pain, 55.4% were less than one week, 20.6% less than 30 days, and 24.0% 30 days and more. the cause of symptom was turned out as 34.5% by excessive hard work and 30.1% was unknown. for the treatment of the musculoskeletal symptoms, 40.3% with symptomes did not have any medical treatment, 27.6% was self-treated and 22.7% was treated at hospital. This study shows that musculoskeletal disorders are seamen's important health problem and they can not properly take medical service due to the out of home for a long period as characteristics of occupation.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2006

A long-term experiment was carried out to examine the effects of compost on the long-term trends and synergy effects with chemical fertilizer and saving the chemical fertilizers of paddy cropping. The experiment was conducted for the past 36 years with constant amounts of N, P, K and compost in a paddy field at Milyang, South Korea. Grain yield was significantly increased in the plots with compost application. Twenty five years after the compost treatment, grain yield was significantly increased and it reached almost 90% of NPK plots. The effect of rice straw compost on grain yield was not clear during the early cropping years about 60%, but it slightly increased there after about 95% during the late five years. In compost plots, soil organic matter content, K and $SiO_2$ was greater in the compost applied plots than with application of recommended doses of NPK. However, soil pH was reduced in compost applied plots and Ca, and Mg were remained unchanged when compared to the application of recommended doses NPK. Soil nutrient contents were less in compost applied plots than with the application of recommended doses of NPK along with compost but was found to be increased than that of un-fertilized plots. The present study indicated that the application of rice straw compost with NPK is the best of all and followed by NPK and Compost. However, treatment of Compost is time consuming and hard working desired and eventually non economical practice in mechanized agricultural systems, even though Compost is very useful source of improving the soil fertility and its physical characteristics and also the application of inorganic N and P are essential for sustaining high yield.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.49-65
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• 2015

It is hard to guarantee the strict synchronization of all the jacking-up points in the integral jacking of a large-span continuous box girder bridge. This paper took the Hengliaojing Bridge as background, which need jacking up as an object with 295m length and more than 10,000tons weight, adopted 3D software to calculate the unsynchronized jacking-up working conditions, and studied the relationships between the unsynchronized vertical difference and the girder's deformation behaviour. The aim is to verify the maximum value of the unsynchronized vertical difference, and guide the construction and ensure safety. The monitoring system with its contents is introduced corresponding to the analysis. The results of the deck relative elevations prove that it is difficult to avoid the deck torsional deformation for jacking different; especially the side span shows more deformations for its smaller stiffness. The maximum difference is smaller than the limited value with acceptable stresses in the sections. The jacking heights of the pier in each construction step are controlled regularly according to the design. The shifting of the whole bridge in longitudinal direction is smaller than in transverse direction. The several beginning steps are the key to adjust their support reactions. This study is one parts of the fundamental research for the code "Technical specification for bridge jacking-up and reposition of China". The whole synchronous jacking project of the main bridge set a world record by the World Record Association for the whole bridge jacking project with the longest span of the world.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제6권10호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2006

고객들이 인지하는 국내 외 외식업체에 대한 브랜드 개성을 파악하고, 기업의 매출액과 직결되는 선호도와 재방문에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 파악함으로써 지속적으로 핵심고객의 유인 및 유지하기 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과는 국내 브랜드에서 '성공적인', '건전한', '부지런한'의 순으로 중요하게 인지하고 있고, 친근성 요인(호의적이고 정직하면서 다정함)을 강하게 인지할수록 선호도와 재방문과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 해외 브랜드에서 '서구적인', '호의적인', '젊은'의 순으로 높게 인지하고 있고, 특히 유쾌함 요인과 성공 요인에 대해 선호도와 재방문 의도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이에 대한 시사점으로는 국내 브랜드는 핵심고객의 취향과 일치되는 레스토랑의 정확한 컨셉을 설정해야 한다. 해외 브랜드는 톡톡 튀는 분위기의 엔터테인먼트 요소를 강화해야 한다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.864-868
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• 2008

상수도는 깨끗하고 안전한 물을 수용가에 공급하기 위한 시설로서 수요량의 증가에 따라 신규 및 확장사업이 계속되고 있으나, 계획의 일관성이 부족한 상태에서 건설된 관로시설은 노후화의 진행에 따라 통수능 저하, 정체구역 발생, 누수 및 관로의 파손으로 인한 급수중단, 지역적 시간적 수압불량 및 수량부족, 녹물을 비롯한 수질의 악화 등 구조적 기능적 문제를 사회 곳곳에서 야기하고 있다. 이러한 상수관로의 송수 및 급배수과정에 대한 정확한 성능평가와 진단을 위하여 우리나라 실정에 적합한 합리적이고 과학적인 평가지표를 개발하고 소프트웨어화 하였다. 이는 관망의 성능평가에 필요한 데이터베이스, 수리학적 적정성, 수질 안전성, 관로시설 노후도 등을 추정할 수 있는 모델군과 측정자료 등을 근거로 의사결정을 지원하는 것으로 구성되었다. 또한 CAD 및 GIS를 기반으로 하여 누구나 손쉽게 관망해석에 필요한 관망도를 작성하고 수량 및 수질예측 시뮬레이션 모델을 통하여 지하 상수관망의 흐름을 예측할 수 있고 노후 수도관 평가 및 잔존수명 추정모델을 포함하고 있다. 이를 활용하여 관망의 성능평가 및 진단을 실시하여 대상관망이 가지고 있는 문제점을 파악하고 이를 근거로 시설의 개량이나 운영의 개선방안을 도출하고자 하였다.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.23-43
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• 2005

Industrial clusters are geographical concentrations of interconnected companies, specialised suppliers, service providers, firms in related industries, and associated institutions (for example, universities, standard agencies, and trade associations) that combine to create new products and/or services in specific lines of business. At present, the concept of industrial cluster becomes very popular worldwide, policy makers at national, regional and local levels and business people in both forerunner and latecomer countries are keen to implement the cluster concept as an economic development model. Though understanding of clusters and related promoting policies varies from one place to another, the underlying benefits of clusters from collective learning and knowledge spillovers between participating actors strongly attract the attention of these people. In Thailand, a latecomer country in terms of technological catching up, the cluster concept has been used as a means to rectify weakness and fragmentation of its innovation systems. The present Thai government aspires to apply the concept to promote both high-tech manufacturing clusters, services clusters and community-based clusters at the grass-root level. This paper analyses three very different clusters in terms of technological sophistication and business objectives, i.e., hard disk drive, software and chili paste. It portrays their significant actors, the extent of interaction among them and the evolution of the clusters. Though are very dissimilar, common characteristics attributed to qualified success are found. Main driving forces of the three clusters are cluster intermediaries. Forms of these organizations are different from a government research and technology organization (RTO), an industrial association, to a self-organised community-based organization. However, they perform similar functions of stimulating information and knowledge sharing, and building trust among participating firms/individuals in the clusters. Literature in the cluster studies argues that government policies need to be cluster specific. In this case, the best way to design and implement cluster-specific policies is through working closely with intermediaries and strengthening their institutional especially in linking member firms/individuals to other actors in clusters such as universities, government R&D institutes, and financial institutions.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.513-525
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• 2008

Purpose: The present study was intended to measure fatigue symptoms according to the quality of sleep among nurses working for an university hospital and to reveal its related factors. Methods: The self-administered questionnaires were given to 397 nurses employed in an university hospital located in Daejeon City during the period from June 1st to July 31st, 2007. Results: The group with higher quality of sleep accounted for 78.1% of all the subjects and the one with lower quality, 21.9%. According to qualities of sleep, the fatigue symptom was determined to be significantly higher in the group with lower quality of sleep than its counterpart. On adjustment for quality of sleep, the level of fatigue symptom was significantly higher in the groups, than in each respective counterparts, who don't take regular exercises, who have few leisure time, who have lower level of subjective health status, who range ${\geq}$ 1 and < 10 years in job careers, who work in shifts, who reported that it is hard to get physical burden of work, who are satisfied with the job, who find themselves unfit to the job, who are considering quitting the job, who have higher job demand, who have lower job control, who have higher level of supervisor support, who have type A behavior pattern. Conclusion: The study results may explain that the fatigue symptom of nurses is highly associated with the quality of sleep independently of other variables and also with job-related characteristics independently of the sleep quality. In conclusion, to reduce the fatigue symptom of nurses, strategic efforts should be directed for programs to improve the quality of sleep and a proper job analysis.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.15-30
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• 1989

This study deals with the following problems about leisure activity of young people and leisure guidance of mothers, (1) Leisure activity of children by the independent variables, (2) Leisure guidance of mothers by the independent variables. (3) The relation between leisure guidance of mothers and leisure activity of young people. This research used the questionaire survey. The subjects were 830 couples of mother and pupil (pupils of 4, 5 and t grades in six primary school in Kwang-Ju city). The statistics used for data analysis were percentage, t, F-test, X2. The results of this study are summarized as follows; (1) Boys and girls average leisure hours: week days…2 hour, saturday…3 hours, Sunday and holiday…4.5 hours, the school vacation…6.2 hours. And leisure activity showed the significant difference in sex, age, educational level, family form (p 0.001, p 0.05, p 0.010). Generally, they had social & amusing leisure activity. And a hindrance cause of leisure activ ty is due to hard working in learning practice. (2) The necessity of leisure activity showed higher in the aged mother and high educated mother, lower in the poor family. And guidance content showed the significant difference in sex of children(p 0.001), educational level of parents(p 0.05). Actually mothers wanted intellectual leisure activity. (3) The relation between the leisure activity pattern desired by leisure activity of mothers and children pattern showed that mothers demanded the various patterns, but children wanted social & amusing leisure activities mainly. Only children's patterns agreed with mothers in the artistic, intellectual, activities on Saturday and during the vacation. And the relation between mothers satisfaction degree in the leisure activity of children and children's satisfaction degree showed the significant difference (p 0.05). Children's satisfaction degree is high, irrespective of mothers satisfaction degree.