• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2006

Work-related musculoskeletal disorder has been associated with long hours of computer work and prolonged periods of static posture. In clinical settings, postural correction is a common treatment approach for individuals with neck, shoulder, and back pain. This study was designed to identify the effect of Forward Head Posture Correctional Device during computer work. Twelve healthy adults (mean age, 27.4 yrs; mean height, 165.0cm mean weight, 65.8 kg) participated in the study. They had no medical history of neurological or surgical problems with their upper extremity. The subjects were asked to perform Head Forward Posture under the guidance of physical therapists and the measured angles were analyzed using a 3-D motion analysis system. Markers were placed on the C7 spinous process, tragus of the ear and forward head angle was between the line from the tragus to the C7 line and the Y-axis at the C7. The statistical significance of difference between, "without" and "with" correctional device was tested by paired t-test. A level of significance was set at ${\alpha}$=.05. In comparison of the computer work between "without" and "with" correctional device, Forward Head Angle was showed significant difference (p<.05). In conclusion, the range of Forward Head Angle was significantly decreased during computer work with the correctional device. Further research is needed to understand the nature of motor control problems in deep muscles in patients with neck, shoulder, and back pain.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2008

본 연구는 방사선사를 대상으로 신체 부위별 근골격계 질환의 유병률과 이런 증상에 영향을 주는 요인을 파악함으로써 방사선사의 직업성 근골격계 질환을 예방하고 관리하는데 목적이 있고 조사대상으로 대전광역시에 소재한 5개 종합병원의 현 근무부서에 1년 이상 근무하고 있는 방사선사 219명을 대상, 조사기간은 2007년 6월 13일부터 2007년 6월 27일까지였고, 설문지는 전체 방사선사 219명 중 180명에게 무작위로 배부하였으며, 그 중 143명을 분석대상으로 하였다. 조사는 자기기입식 설문서(self-administered questionnaire)를 이용하였고 조사 내용은 근골격계 자각증상부위 및 증상 유해 요인에 대해 구성해 보았다. 자각증상에 대한 조사는 미국의 국립산업안전보건연구소(National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; NIOSH)에서 정한 근골격계 증상 기준을 근거로 한국 산업안전공단(2003)에서 작성한 근골격계 부담 작업 유해요인 조사지침(KOSHA code H-30-2003)의 근골격계 질환 증상조사표를 이용하였고 증상 유해 요인은 노동부 고시 2003-24의 11가지 부담 작업 기준을 가지고 유해 요인 조사 항목에 사용하였다. 분석 방법은 각 신체 부위별 증상에 영향을 주는 요인의 교차비를 계산하기 위하여 증상호소 유무를 종속 변수로 하고, 일반적 변수 및 다른 변수들을 보정한 상태에서 노동부 고시 작업 부담 11개 항목을 독립변수로 하여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 다음으로 11개 항목 중 신체 부위별로 통계적으로 유의한 변수들만 선택하여 Forward Wald 방법을 이용한 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하여 각 위험 요인의 교차비를 계산하였다. 통계분석은 SPSSWIN(버젼 12.0)통계 프로그램을 사용하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2008

Low back disorders (LBDs) have been the most common musculoskeletal problem in Korean workplaces. It affects many workers, and is associated with high costs to many companies as well as the individual, which can negatively influence even the quality of life of workers. The _evaluation of low back disorder risk associated with manual materials handling tasks can be performed using variety of ergonomic assessment tools such as National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Revised Lifting Equation (NLE), the Washington Administrative Code 296-62-0517 (WAC), the Snook Tables etc. But most of these tools provide limited information for choosing the most appropriate assessment method for a particular job and in finding out advantage and disadvantage of the methods, and few have been assessed for their predictive ability. The focus of this study was to _evaluate spinal loads in real time with lifting and pulling heavy cow leathers in variety of postures. Data for estimating mean trunk motions were collected as employees did their work at the job site, using the Lumbar Motion Monitor. Eight employees (2 males, 6 females) were selected in this study, in which the load weight and the vertical start and destination heights of the activity remained constant throughout the task. Variance components (three dimensional spaces) of mean trunk kinematic measures were estimated in a hierarchical design. They were used to compute velocity and acceleration of multiple employees performing the same task and to repetitive movements within a task. Therefore, a results of this study could be used as a quantitative, objective measure to design the workplace so that the risk of occupationally related low back disorder should be minimized.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.331-339
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• 2016

Background: Occupational risk management is known as a catalyst in generating superior returns for all stakeholders on a sustainable basis. A number of companies in Ghana implemented health and safety measures adopted from international companies to ensure the safety of their employees. However, there exist great threats to employees' safety in these companies. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the level of compliance of Occupational Health and Safety management systems and standards set by international and local legislation in power producing companies in Ghana. Methods: The methodology is conducted by administering questionnaires and in-depth interviews as measuring instruments. A random sampling technique was applied to 60 respondents; only 50 respondents returned their responses. The questionnaire was developed from a literature review and contained questions and items relevant to the initial research problem. A factor analysis was also carried out to investigate the influence of some variables on safety in general. Results: Results showed that the significant factors that influence the safety of employees at the hydroelectric power plant stations are: lack of training and supervision, non-observance of safe work procedures, lack of management commitment, and lack of periodical check on machine operations. The study pointed out the safety loopholes and therefore helped improve the health and safety measures of employees in the selected company by providing effective recommendations. Conclusion: The implementation of the proposed recommendations in this paper, would lead to the prevention of work-related injuries and illnesses of employees as well as property damage and incidents in hydroelectric power plants. The recommendations may equally be considered as benchmark for the Safety and Health Management System with international standards.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.275-284
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• 2013

Purpose: This study analyzed the characteristics of occupational injuries and illnesses of the nursing staff to reveal the prevalence of the major diseases and the predominant causes of the injuries in the nursing environment. Methods: Total 3,455 work-related compensation cases of nursing staff from January 1 2000 to December 31 2012, were selected. The specific types of the diseases, injuries, causes and the time of the incidence were analyzed. Results: Majority of the compensated cases were young women under 30 years old. The composition of the occupational injuries and illness was 74.5% and 25.5%, respectively. Occupational infection was the major part of the occupational illnesses (47.3%), and 74% of them were tuberculosis. Musculoskeletal disorder (12.6%) was followed the infectious disease, and 36.4% of them occurred while moving the patients. Slipping was the most frequent injury; most of them resulted in the lower extremities injury. Most of the injuries increased during shift change, except workplace violence, which increased later than 19:00. Conclusion: Occupational injuries and illnesses of nursing staff need the specific prevention strategy, and the prevention strategy should be suitable for the nursing workplace.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2008

With the introduction of the video display terminal (VDT), the efficiency and productivity of work has improved. However, VDT syndrome is threatening the health of workers as a side effect of prolonged use of a VDT. Among various VDT syndromes, the musculoskeletal disorder, especially, the cumulative trauma disorder (CTD) is the common research topic related with upper extremities function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the wrist-hand orthosis (WHO) on fatigue in middle deltoid, anterior deltoid, serratus anterior, and upper trapezius during one-hour computer keyboard typing. Twelve healthy subjects participated in this study. Surface electromyography was used to assess the localized muscle fatigue (LMF), and the LMF was calculated at 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes in each muscle, with and without the WHO. Data were analyzed by paired t-test with a level of significance of .05. The results of this study are as follows: 1) At 10 minutes, the LMF decreased significantly with applied WHO in the middle deltoid, anterior deltoid, and upper trapezius (p=.001, p=.026, p=.019, respectively). 2) As the computer keyboard typing period increased, there were no significant LMF differences, except for the upper trapezius. Therefore, it can be concluded that the WHO can be applied to decrease the LMF for the initial 10 minute period in the middle deltoid, anterior deltoid, and upper trapezius' but that the long term effect of WHO in reducing the LMF was proven only in upper trapezius during continued computer keyboard typing.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제34권
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• pp.23.1-23.14
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• 2022

Background: The musculoskeletal disease (MSD) burden is an important health problem among Korean fishers. We aimed to investigate the indicators of the prevalence of MSD and contributions of significant indicators to MSD in Korean fishers. Methods: This cross-section study included 927 fishers (male, 371; female, 556) aged 40 to 79 years who were enrolled from 3 fishery safety and health centers. The outcome variable was one-year prevalence of MSD in 5 body parts (the neck, shoulder, hand, back, and knee). Independent variables were sex, age, educational attainment, household income, job classification, employment xlink:type, hazardous working environment (cold, heat, and noise), ergonomic risk by the 5 body parts, anxiety disorder, depression, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. The adjusted odds ratio of MSDs by the 5 body parts were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis. We computed the population attributable fraction (PAF) for each indicators of MSDs using binary regression models. Results: The one-year prevalence of MSD in the neck, shoulder, hand, back, and knee was 7.8%, 17.8%, 7.8%, 27.2%, and 16.2% in males vs. 16.4%, 28.1%, 23.0%, 38.7%, and 30.0% in females, respectively. The ergonomic risk PAF according to the body parts ranged from 22.8%-59.6% in males and 22.8%-50.3% in female. Mental diseases showed a significant PAF for all body parts only among female (PAF 9.1%-21.4%). Cold exposure showed a significant PAF for the neck, shoulder, and hand MSD only among female (25.6%-26.8%). Age was not a significant indicator except for the knee MSD among female. Conclusions: Ergonomic risk contributed majorly as indicators of MSDs in both sexes of fishers. Mental disease and cold exposure were indicators of MSDs only among female fishers. This information may be important for determining priority risk groups for the prevention of work-related MSD among Korean fishers.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2009

목적: 최근 컴퓨터가 대량 보급되면서 VDT 증후군이 점차적으로 증가하고 있다. VDT 증후군은 VDT 작업자들에게 나타나는 근골격계 질환, 신경정신계 장애, 눈의 긴장, 피로, 자극과 충혈 등 안과적 증상을 포함한다. VDT 증후군의 환경요인으로는 전자파, 컴퓨터 화면의 크기, 밝기, 조명, 모니터 및 작업대의 높낮이, 작업시간, 작업의 종류, 작업자와 스크린과의 거리, 실내습도 및 온도, 사무실내의 공기오염, 환기 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 근거리 시각 작업으로 인한 VDT 증후군에서 나타나는 주요 신체증상 및 신체 및 심리적으로 영향을 줄 수 있는 환경적 요인을 조사하였다. 방법: 연구대상자는 19세부터 28세사이의 남자 54명, 여자 66명으로 총 120명이었다. 책이나 문서 읽기, 컴퓨터 작업 등에 대한 근거리 작업을 할 때에 나타나는 신체적 증상과 육체적 불편함을 설문지를 이용하여 조사하였다. 조사항목에는 근업작업에 따른 주요 신체 증상과 눈의 자각 증상, 작업환경에 대한 만족도, 키보드, 마우스 사용시의 손목 통증 경험 등을 포함하였다. 결과: 장시간 컴퓨터, 문서, 전자기기를 사용할 때에 대부분(70%)이 신체적인 통증을 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 통증부위는 주로 목과 허리(57.1%), 눈(45.2%), 두통(31%) 등이었다. 환경적 요인에서는 적절치 못한 조명으로 눈의 통증을 호소하는 사람들이 78.3%였다. 대부분의 증상은 '눈의 피로'(38.3%), '눈의 건조성'(31.9%), '눈의 흐릿함'(23.7%)이었다. 대상자들은 의자에 대한 불편함을 호소하였고 키보드, 마우스 사용 때 손목의 통증은 대부분 경험하였다. 결론: 전자기기, 문서 등을 이용할 때 빛, 공간, 자세, 작업대 등의 다양한 환경적 요인들이 조화롭지 못해 눈의 피로, 신체적인 피로감을 느낄 수 있다. 따라서 문서작업을 할 때에는 휴식시간에 대한 자기관리와 같은 예방법을 개발하여 눈의 피로를 줄여야 할 것이다. 또한 지속적인 연구를 통해 근골격계 질환 예방을 위해 최적의 시각적인 환경을 위한 인간공학적 디자인으로 작업환경을 바꾸어야 할 것이다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.364-375
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to suggest a direction for consumer-oriented curriculum development by analyzing the priorities of subjects and their preference for educational methods. Methods: The participants included 773 management supervisors and education practitioners in the workplace, and a survey was conducted from April 17 to August 30, 2019. Frequency analysis, t-test, Borich's Needs Analysis, and Locus for Focus Model analysis were performed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and IBM SPSS 21.0. Results: The highest perceived priorities for education subjects were as follows: ① 'CPR and First Aid Practice' and 'Occupational Disaster Prevention and First Aid Basics' in the manufacturing industry; and ② 'Emotional Labor and Job Stress Prevention', 'Occupational Disaster Prevention and First Aid basics, and 'Musculoskeletal Disorder Prevention' in the service industry. 'Collective education' was the most preferred method of education. 'School-type' was preferred for the seating arrangement, and the proper number of trainees was considered to be about 30. Respondents said the contents of the education was a top priority when they applied for education, and curriculum and appropriate textbooks should be considered in calculating the cost of education. Conclusions: Practical subjects and subjects related to major hazards by industry were required for management supervisor education. It was proposed in this study that the contents and operating methods of education be changed so that workers can easily comprehend essential subjects such as the Occupational Safety and Health Act. In conclusion, it is necessary to design the curriculum and apply educational methods suitable for each subject's characteristics in consideration of the priorities for subjects reflected in the needs of trainees.