• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.301-310
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• 2017

For further development of passive control systems to dissipate larger seismic energy and prevent the structures from earthquake losses, this paper proposes an innovative two-level control system to improve behavior of chevron braced steel frames. Combining two Knee Braces, KB, and a Vertical Link Beam, VLB, in a chevron braced frame, this system can reliably sustain main shock and aftershocks in steel structures. The performance of this two-level system is examined through a finite element analysis and quasi-static cyclic loading test. The cyclic performances of VLB and KBs alone in chevron braced frames are compared with that of the presented two-level control system. The results show appropriate performance of the proposed system in terms of ductility and energy dissipation in two different excitation levels. The maximum load capacity of the presented system is about 30% and 17% higher than those of the chevron braced frames with KB and VLB alone, respectively. In addition, the maximum energy dissipation of the proposed system is about 78% and 150% higher than those of chevron braced frames with VLB and KB respectively under two separate levels of lateral forces caused by different probable seismic excitations. Finally, high performance under different earthquake levels with competitive cost and quick installation work for the control system can be found as main advantages of the presented system.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.361-377
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• 2020

In the present research work, the effectiveness and the efficiency of a retrofitting approach using a layer of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) jacket for damaged substandard exterior beam-column joints (BCJs) is experimentally investigated. The main objective of this study is to rehabilitate the already damaged BCJs to meet the serviceability requirements without compromising safety. According to the proposed strengthening technique, a chipped surface, lightly brushed with a dry condition was selected for making a successful bond between normal concrete substrate surface (NCSS) and UHPFRC. Then a fresh UHPFRC jacket with a thickness of 30 mm was cast around the damaged specimens. The entire test matrix was comprised of three 1/3 scale damaged exterior BCJs with a different column axial load (CAL). These specimens were repaired with UHPFRC and retested under monotonic loading. Based on the experimental results, repaired specimens showed an excellent performance in terms of their load-displacement response, maximum strength, displacement ductility, initial stiffness, secant stiffness and energy dissipation capacity when compared with the corresponding values registered when these specimens were tested in their virgin state. This rehabilitative intervention not only restored the strength, stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of severely damaged specimens but also improved their performance.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2010

Workers in the agricultural industry have been exposed to many work-related musculoskeletal disorders. So, our objectives in this study were to measure and analyze worker's physiological bio-information to reduce musculoskeletal disorders in relation to agricultural works. We investigated worker's bio-information of physiological signals during the repeated lifting work such as body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, physical activity, and heart rate variability. Moreover, we analyzed the workloads of lumbar spine during the repeated lifting work using the 3-axis acceleration and angular velocity sensors. The changes of body temperature was not significant, but the mean heart rate increased from 90/min to 116/min significantly during 30 min of repeated lifting work (p<0.05). The average worker's physical activity(energy consumption rate) was 206 kcal/70kg/h during the repeated lifting work. The workers' acute stress index was more than 80, which indicated a stressful work. Also, the maximum shear force on the disk (L5/S1) of a worker's lumbar spine in static state was 500N, and the maximum inertia moment was 139 $N{\cdot}m$ in dynamic state.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.735-737
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• 2017

An Off grid or remote solar electric systems are an energy supply to our home or to our companies without the utility of Grid at all. Off grid solar systems are very important for those who live in remote locations especially for developing countries where getting the electric grid is extremely expensive, inconvenient or for those who doesn't need to pay a monthly bill with the electric bill in general. The main critical components of any solar power system or renewable energy harvesting systems are the energy storage systems and its charge controller system. Energy storage systems are the essential integral part of a solar energy harvesting system and in general for all renewable energy harvesting systems. To provide an optimal solution of both high power density and high energy density at the same time we have to use hybrid energy storage systems (HESS), that combine two or more energy storage technologies with complementary characteristics. In this present work, design and simulation we use two storage systems supercapacitor for high power density and lithium based battery for high energy density. Here the system incorporates fast-response supercapacitors to provide power to manage solar smoothing and uses a battery for load shifting. On this paper discuss that the total energy throughout of the battery is much reduced and the typical thermal stresses caused by high discharge rate responses are mitigated by integrating supercapacitors with the battery storage system. In addition of the above discussion the off grid solar electric energy harvesting presented in this research paper includes battery and supercapacitor management system, MPPT (maximum power point tracking) system and back/boost convertors. On this present work the entire model of off grid electric energy harvesting system and all other functional blocks of that system is implemented in MATLAB Simulink.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

A control algorithm for a 100 kW wind turbine is designed in this study. The wind turbine is operating as a variable speed variable pitch (VSVP) status. Also, this wind turbine is a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) Type. For the medium capacity wind turbine considered in this study, it was found that the optimum tip speed ratios to achieve the maximum power coefficients varied with wind speeds. Therefore a commercial blade element momentum theory and multi-body dynamics based program was implemented to consider the variation of aerodynamic coefficients with respect to Reynolds numbers and to find out the power and thrust coefficients with respect tip speed ratio and blade pitch angles. In the end a basic power controller was designed for below rated, transition and above rated regions, and a load reduction algorithm was designed to reduce tower vibration by the nacelle motion. As a result, damage equivalent Load (DEL) of tower fore-aft has been reduced by 32%. From dynamic simulations in the commercial program, the controller was found to work properly as designed. Experimental validation of the control algorithm will be done in the future.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2023

In this work, we deal with the feasibility of structural topology optimization for beam designs using retrofits that optimally allocates the reinforcement to the web under the condition that designers set bolt regions for H-beams of different dimensions. Mean compliance or minimal strain energy is considered for the optimization. Volume fraction is given to the design space to assign appropriate steel material quantities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate optimal shapes of stiffeners with the maximum rigidity that improves the axial and shear performance of the H-beam and to satisfy a given safety design standard of H-beam and stiffeners in case arbitrary load effect and resistances. Finally, the effectiveness of stiffness-based topology optimization on stiffeners is verified with several practical applicable examples.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2010

Foundation plays an important role in the offshore wind turbine system. Different from conventional foundations, the suction caisson is proven to be economical and reliable. In this work, three-dimensional finite element method is used to check the suitability of suction caisson foundation. NREL 5MW wind turbine is chosen as a baseline model in our simulation. The maximum overturning moment and vertical load at the mudline are calculated using FAST and Bladed. Meanwhile the soil-structure interaction response from our simulation is also compared with the experiment data from Oxford university. The design parameter such as caisson length, diameter of skirt and spacing of multipod are investigated. Accordingly based on these parameters suggestions are given to use suction caisson foundations more efficiently.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.113-130
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• 2022

Sophisticated automation-based electronics world, more electrical and electronic devices are being used by people from different regions across the universe. Different manufacturers and vendors develop and market a wide variety of power generation and utilization devices under different operating parameters and conditions. People use a variety of appliances which use electrical energy as power source. These appliances or gadgets utilize the generated energy in different ratios. Night time the utilization will be less when compared with day time utilization of power. In industrial areas especially mechanical industries or Heavy machinery usage regions power utilization will be a diverse at different time intervals and it vary dynamically. This always causes a fluctuation in the grid lines because of the random and intermittent use of these apparatus while the power generating apparatus is made to operate to provide a steady output. Hence it necessitates designing and developing a method to optimize the power generated and the power utilized. Lot of methodologies has been proposed in the recent years for effective optimization and economical load dispatch. One such technique based on intelligent and evolutionary based is Black Widow Optimization BWO. To enhance the optimization level BWO is hybridized. In this research BWO based optimize the load for multi area is proposed to optimize the cost function. A three type of system was compared for economic loads of 16, 40, and 120 units. In this research work, BWO is used to improve the convergence rate and is proven statistically best in comparison to other algorithms such as HSLSO, CGBABC, SFS, ISFS. Also, BWO algorithm best optimize the cost parameter so that dynamically the load and the cost can be controlled simultaneously and hence effectively the generated power is maximum utilized at different time intervals with different load capacity in different regions of utilization.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.689-697
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• 2002

콘크리트 삼점휨 시험편의 변위제어에 의한 동적 파괴실험으로 하중과 하중점-변위가 측정되었다. 변형률 게이지를 사용하여 균열의 성장길이가 측정되었으며, 균열이 성장되는 동안의 평균속도는 0.16 ~ 66 m/sec이었다. 균열성장에 대한 파괴에너지는 측정된 외부일에 대한 하중점-변위에 대한 운동에너지와 영구변형이 고려되지 않은 탄성에너지의 차이로부터 계산되었다. 모든 균열속도에 대해 23mm의 균열성장 동안 미소균열이 성장되며, 51 mm의 최대 탄성0에너지까지 안정 균열성장과 이후의 불안정 균열성장을 보였다. 균열속도가 66msec인 경우를 제외하고 80mm의 균열성장에서 균열성장의 구속이 관측되었다. 균열속도에 대한 파괴에너지와 파괴에너지율의 분석은 13mm/sec보다 느린 경우에 정적 거동을 그리고 1.9m/sec보다 빠른 속도에서 동적 거동을 보였다. 동적 실험에서 측정된 하중과 하중점-변위 관계의 큰 차이에도 불구하고 관성력과 균열성장길이 그리고 탄성에너지의 차이로 불안정 균열성장 이전의 균열속도에 대한 파괴저항은 균열속도에 영향을 받지 않았다. 안정 균열성장 동안의 최대 파괴저항은 최대하중 이후 최대 탄성에너지에서 발생되며, 동적 실험이 정적 실험보다 147% 큰 값이었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1994년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
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• pp.172-174
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• 1994

Due to the environmental considerations and the energy crisis, there has been a revival of electric vehicles since 1960s. Research and development work concerning with electric vehicles (EVs) was becoming more intense in last decade. As compared with conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) cars, EVs have the advantages of clean, quiet, better energy efficiency, less maintenance and improving the load factor of electric power systems. However, EVs usually have a snort running range, bad acceleration performance and high initial cost. The main reason for these shortcomings is the low figure of energy density and the high per energy cost of battery at present technology state. So it is very important to optimize the overall drive system design with respect to the maximum utilization of battery, energy, motor torque and inverter power. This paper describes a demonstration model of electric car which is driven by 4-wheel direct method using the vector control.