• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.240-253
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• 2019

Archaeological heritages are precious cultural relics and public assets that must be preserved, conserved, and shared with people all over the world. Investigating archaeological heritage is valuable and plays an important role for the public good; our ancestors' cultures can be restored, and it helps with developing a clear understanding of the cultural and social aspects of a historical period as well as teaches about historical factors unreported in the literature. One of the most basic and important conditions necessary for recognizing the value and importance of archaeological heritage investigation, expertise, and quality improvement is to establish detailed criteria for investigation services and the qualification examination of archaeological heritage. Observation of detailed criteria and the qualification examination of archaeological heritage can partially demonstrate society's recognition of strengthening transparency, public property, and the objectivity of the investigation of archaeological heritage. However, the detailed criteria for investigation services and the qualification examination of archaeological heritage currently implemented as administrative rules are neither followed by all institutes in the public and private sectors nor the government. Thus, there are serious problems in terms of the effectiveness and stability of institutions. The detailed criteria for the qualification examination breach the principle of statutory reservation, the principle of statutory regulation, and regulations on the announcement and management of orders and rules. Non-compliance with compensation criteria for investigation services or with detailed criteria for the qualification examination of archaeological heritage will be one of the reasons for the failure of the investigation foundation for archaeological heritage in the future. That is, it will result in the expansion, reproduction, and repetition of a vicious cycle of conflict between developers, who are the decision-makers responsible for selecting an investigating organization for archaeological heritage and determining the cost, and investigating organizations. This includes the impractical shortening of investigation periods and reducing costs by developers, distrust of the values and the importance of investigations of archaeological heritage, a decrease in quality, accidents caused by a lack of safety, a lack of occupational ethics, and non-recruitment of new experts, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to change the structure from a vicious cycle to a virtuous cycle, and promote the enactment of regulations that will ensure effectiveness and stability in the process of attaining the goals of the institution and application of the institution, as well as the continuous advancement of work to fill the gaps with reality.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.64-81
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• 2019

Jeju Island is located at a strategic position, making it an important waypoint on the sea routes of East Asia. As a result, the island suffered many foreign invasions throughout history. Especially, it is widely known that Japanese pirates frequently invaded the island as the island was located on their way as they were sailing to China. Therefore, they built various defensive structures across the island. Fortresses, where a small number of defenders may fend off an enemy, were built in multiple places on the island. This was a strategy for the island to defend itself, as it was almost impossible to get prompt support in an emergency from the mainland due to the long distance. Fortresses, or walled cities, were the center of politics, culture, and economy of many areas. Therefore, they are a valuable resource to study the history and geographical characteristics of a place. For this reason, studies on fortresses started quite early on. However, studies on such relics in Jeju Island began very late. The research on fortresses was launched during the Japanese occupation for most mainland areas. However, studies on the relics on Jeju Island began as late as the 1970s. This was because scholars did not understand the importance of the city walls and fortresses on Jeju Island, and there were no researchers who specialized in city walls or fortresses on the island, as well. As archeological research on Jeju Island began to gain momentum, the studies on city walls and fortresses saw progress; however, these studies are still of an elementary level. In this study, the author summarized the status of studies on the city walls and fortress relics in Jeju Island and their preservation/maintenance status by era. According to the findings of this study, there were two Corean-era city wall/fortress relics and thirteen from the Chosun era., The researcher analyzed and presented the status of studies and the current condition of the relics. The status of attached structures was also documented.Furthermore, a short review of the maintenance work performed so far was provided. Also, the researcher mentioned the problems that accompanied the maintenance process of these relics, along with suggestions for improvement that could be referred to in future restoration/maintenance projects.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.19
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• pp.3-55
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• 2009

Records of architectural cultural properties, in case of accidents, show who are to blame, present what evidences are to establish the cause, and also are used for checking if there were any problem in policies and regulations in preserving and caring architectural cultural properties. These records are of great importance in their roles and are of essential use regardless of time and space. Considering its significance, In that architectural cultural properties requires setting clear goals and directions and as well, criteria, for management, we need methods of systematical control and consideration for its characteristics. This research started with the sense of purpose that managing architectural cultural properties are in need of systematic and concrete control, based on the perception that they need protecting and transmitting. The goal of this thesis is to work on the current archiving status of architectural cultural properties by monitoring patterns and processes in archival administration, to diagnose problems by looking into the records creation and management, and to present the improvement plan which would lead to the architectural cultural properties' more efficient management and better use in the future. The management of architectural cultural properties begins with registering and assigning. Cultural Heritage Administration is in charge of control, supervision, and budget and local governments deal with direct management. Accordingly, records are by the hands of each local governmental body. Currently, each cultural property has its management depending on every different working environment in each governmental body. Architectural cultural properties needs managing in one body through the synthetic and unified, concrete and systematic manual and guide for management. Archiving architectural cultural properties have need of unitive management through a professional system, considering the physical characteristics and history of archiving. Unified management system will enhance efficiency and actual use of architectural cultural property records if one governmental body undertakes uniting records through standardization and professional supervision, and data-based unified search engine would enhance efficiency and actual use. Therefore, I suggest that Archives for Architectural Cultural Properties should be established as a professional Archives and wholly responsible body for the purpose of systematically and unifiedly managing architectural cultural property records with professional personnel and facility and transmitting their historical, cultural, and academic value. In Korea, studies up to the present have mainly focused on managing architectural records and records of drawing while few efforts were made to directly deal with managing architectural cultural properties themselves. The focus of this thesis is to study the current status and establish problems of the management of architectural cultural properties in administrative process, and as a result, to propose to establish Archives for Architectural Cultural Properties as a professional archives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.727-735
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• 2018

Targeting the radiological technologists working in Gyoungsangnam province, this study was performed to obtain the fundamental data to improve the competency and right awareness of the hospital infection management, and to educate infection management of radiological technologists by analyzing the status, awareness, and performance of the hospital infection management. During April 1, 2018 to April 31, 2015, after we sent out a total of 400 questionnaires for the survey to radiological technologists working at the clinic located in Gyoungsangnam province, 320 questionnaires suitable for research were analysis by using SPSS 18.0 statistical analysis software. As the hospital infection management factors, 5 items for hospital infection and 60 items of the awareness and performance for the hospital infection management were used. 60 items of the awareness and performance for the hospital infection management were consisted hand hygiene, personal hygiene and clothing, medical equipment and supplies, cleaning and waste, examination and environment. And as the sociodemographic characteristics, the gender, marriage, age, level of education, working organization, working period, and working department were used. Consequentially, the awareness for the hospital infection management($4.19{\pm}.60$) and the performance($4.22{\pm}.52$) were confirmed as high level. Using these results, the hospital infection management level of the radiological technologists working in Gyoungsangnam province was found to be high in arareness and performance of hospital infection management. There was a significant correlation between the degree of awareness and performance of radiological technologists for hospital infection management. Furthermore, in the multiple regression analysis of cognitive factors on performance, it was found that 66.1% explanatory power had a significant positive influence. In order to improve the awareness of hospital infection management of radiological technologist working in various departments, the infection management education and improvement of hospital work environment are necessary. And also, It is important to participate actively in hospital infection management and preventive education and to play a pivotal role in securing expertise in hospital infection management.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.190-211
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to provide the preliminary data for maintenance of old trees of natural monuments and establishing protection projects. Accordingly, growth conditions, location circumstances, environment and protection management were analyzed for old trees at 34 sites in Gyeongsangbuk-do. Tree forms, crown, trunk and trees' health, leaves volume were analyzed in survey sites. As the results, the growth of Picrasma quassioides in Songsadong, Andong-si and Catalpa ovata in Hongwon-ri, Cheongsong-gun were not in good condition, along with other old trees of 6 cities (Quercus variabilis in Susan-ri, Uljin-gun, Juniperus chinensis in Hujeong-ri, Uljin-gun, Pyrus ussuriensis in Ssangjeon-ri, Uljin-gun, Salix glandulosa var. pilosa in Deokchon-ri, Cheongdo-gun, Pinus densiflora for. multicaulis in Hwasan-ri, Mungyeong-si, Pinus densiflora in Daeha-ri, Mungyeong-si). Accoding to these results, protection project and consistent monitoring are necessary. The analysis results of growth conditions per location circumstances showed that the old trees in the small spaces with large traffic of people were in bad condition. Therefore, it is necessary to secure sufficient space and soil improvement for such trees. The analysis results of growth conditions per species showed that Zelkova serrata, Quercus spp., Pinus densiflora are in good condition while Salix koreensis and others, i.e. a singular tree, are in poor condition. Thus, relatively smaller individuals and separately situated trees need careful management in their protection. The analysis results of trunk's growth ratio showed that Pinus densiflora, Ginkgo biloba, Zelkova serrata are in good condition whereas Juniperus chinensis, Quercus variabilis, Salix koreensis are not. It is a recent trend that tree surgeries are gradually decreasing; there are a number of damaged trees with no maintenance/management, and several sites requiring mend trunks management and cabling, bracing in protection and management projects. Hence, in the future, local government and management organizations should plan for systematic management and establish a protection plan for the natural monument trees. Also, 12 sites were found to be in need to purchase lands in order to secure the growth spaces, and since most of these areas are available for purchase, it is needed to promote a budget and purchase those areas through persuasion of the owner. These areas seems crucial in order to maximize the effect of conservation efforts and budgets for the preservation and restoration of the old trees.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2019

Purpose An examination guide is a useful medium to provide the patient with an overview, pre- and post-test preparation, and precautions of nuclear testing. The design and arrangement of existing written texts and announcements were evaluated to elucidate the comprehension of patients undergoing testing. Materials and Methods Informational material describing bone scanning and $^{201}thallium$ myocardium perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), as a secondary examination, which accounts for the largest portion of gamma imaging at Asan Hospital (Seoul, South Korea), was selected as an improvement target in consultation with a national innovation center. Existing informational material was dispensed to patients scheduled for bone scans from November 2016 to February 2017 and the revised material was issued from March 2017 to May 2017. A survey was conducted of 200 patients who underwent $^{201}thallium$ myocardium perfusion SPECT before and after the revisions (n = 100 each time period) to assess the patients' understanding of the informational material. Results When comparing the use of the conventional vs. revised material, the number of patients who received treatment before bone scanning had decreased from 130 to 60, while the number of those who required additional imaging decreased from 53 to 14. Prior to the revision, 43% of patients underwent testing before preparation and 18% underwent additional testing. The decreased need for additional image acquisition after revision of the informational material resulted in a decrease in acquisition time of about 2 min, from 16.5 to 14.2 min. In the case of $^{201}thallium$ myocardium perfusion SPECT, patient comprehension of all five items surveyed had increased, while the number of patients who had repeatedly asked about various facets of the procedure pre- and post-testing had decreased from 36% to 16% and 31% to 14%, respectively. Conclusion Lower patient comprehension is accompanied by a decrease in image quality due to non-compliance during pre-testing and may lead to repetitive questions from the patient, which may also negatively affect the fatigue and work efficiency of the examiner. Improved readability and visibility of informational material through visualization was correlated with greater patient comprehension as well as improved image quality and acquisition time.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.54-69
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• 2021

In 2020, civilized society's overall lifestyle showed a distinct change from consumable analog media, such as paper, to digital media with the increased penetration of cloud computing, and from wired media to wireless media. Based on these social changes, this work examines whether the use of computer media in the field of landscape architecture is appropriately applied. This study will give directions for new computer media classes in landscape architectural education in the 4th Industrial Revolution era. Landscape architecture is a field that directly proposes the realization of a positive lifestyle and the creation of a living environment and is closely connected with social change. However, there is no clear evidence that landscape architectural education is making any visible change, while the digital infrastructure of the 4th Industrial Revolution, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data, autonomous vehicles, cloud networks, and the Internet of Things, is changing the contemporary society in terms of technology, culture, and economy among other aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to review the current state of the use of computer technology and media in landscape architectural education, and also to examine the alternative direction of the curriculum for the new digital era. First, the basis for discussion was made by studying the trends of computational design in modern landscape architecture. Next, the changes and current status of computer media classes in domestic and overseas landscape education were analyzed based on prior research and curriculum. As a result, the number and the types of computer media classes increased significantly between the study in 1994 and the current situation in 2020 in the foreign landscape department, whereas there were no obvious changes in the domestic landscape department. This shows that the domestic landscape education is passively coping with the changes in the digital era. Lastly, based on the discussions, this study examined alternatives to the new curriculum that landscape architecture department should pursue in a new degital world.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.167-187
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• 2020

Currently, Korea is changing into an ultra-aging society, and office workers retire at the age of 49.5 on average from their main jobs, and the national pension is delayed from 62 years old to 65 years old by 2034, so research is needed to prepare for the aging of office workers after retirement. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors affecting the intention to start a business after retirement and the mediating effect of another sense of success expectation on life after retirement, targeting office workers nationwide. Changes in individual attitudes and systematic institutional support are needed to prepare for a sustainable job until the age of 100 after retirement, that is, a start-up utilizing wisdom and experience in work life. As a result of the study, the ability to perform the goal as job performance, economic preparation for retirement preparation, preparation for external relations, and future anxiety have a positive effect on the entrepreneurial will, and the ability to use new technologies as job performance, and physical preparation for retirement. Preparation and preparation for internal relations were found to have no effect. In the influencing relationship between preparation for external relations and the will of start-up, and future anxiety and will of start-up, another sense of success was confirmed to have a partial mediation effect. In the relationship between economic preparation and willingness to start a business, the effect of complete mediation was confirmed. In order to increase the will to start a business after retirement, it was confirmed that another sense of expectation for success was an important variable. Introducing a government-sponsored education system in the company to reduce the government's financial burden due to super-aging and achieve corporate growth through employee training while potential founders, office workers, are employed, and entrepreneurship and goals for the three life goals of office workers By introducing a performance improvement program, we were able to get implications that would be a solution to the growth of individuals and businesses and reducing the government's financial burden.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.9-17
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• 2021

Childcare teacher experience emotional labor that suppresses, exaggerates, controls and regulates their emotions in order to produce the positive image required in the nursery field. The working environment for infants and toddlers has a problem of lowering the quality of life as a cause of psychological exhaustion of the emotional labor childcare teacher. Because singing helps to improve the quality of human life, research is needed to enable emotional labor childcare teacher to recover from psychological exhaustion and plan a positive life in the process of self-care. First, how is the psychological exhaustion of the emotional labor childcare teacher through song psychotherapy? Second, how is the process of self-care of the emotional labor childcare teacher through song psychotherapy? The study was conducted from March 2017 to May 2020, and through qualitative case studies, data such as in-depth interviews, direct observations, and participation observations were collected at the ○○○ daycare center for 50 minutes every 12 sessions. Based on the above findings, the following conclusions were drawn: First, through singing psychotherapy, emotional labor and childcare staff were able to discover, understand, recognize, face, communicate, and insight into their will to live, psychologically exhausted themselves. Emotional support from others can reduce the experience of emotional depletion and demonstrate a recovery of experience and an improvement in achievement due to frustration at work. Second, the self-care of the emotional labor child care teacher through song psychotherapy proved the temporal, spatial, relational, and emotional caring process, while maintaining the balance between caring for others and caring for oneself, body, mind, and spirituality are organic change. In this study, the psychological exhaustion and self-care process provides an opportunity to discover the essence of life, explore and express one's inner self, take care of others and oneself in a balanced manner, and provide insights for a whole person and healthy self. It is significant in providing opportunities to improve the quality of life through growth.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.211-226
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• 2022

Choline, an essential nutrient for humans, is required for the structural integrity of the cell membranes, methyl-group metabolism, synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, synthesis of the membrane phospholipid components of the cell membranes, and the transport of lipids and cholesterol. Choline can be synthesized in the body, but it is insufficient to meet the daily requirements and hence it must be obtained through the diet. In the United States/Canada, Australia/New Zealand, Europe, China, and Taiwan, the adequate intake (AI) and tolerable upper intake level (UL) of choline have been established, while the establishment of the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRI) for choline was postponed due to the lack of a choline database for Korean foods and studies on the choline intake of Koreans. However, as part of the preparation work for the 2020 DRI revision and finalization, choline intake and the possibility of disease occurrence were verified through analysis of published data. The groundwork for the subsequent establishment of a choline DRI was laid through a literature search, evaluation, and review of the literature reported from 1949 up to 2019. This can be regarded as the culmination of this project. According to the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional observational studies in humans, approximately 400-500 mg/day of choline intake was effective in preventing liver function damage (fatty liver), neural tube damage, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and cognitive function improvement. The same amount of choline intake, however, also correlated with the risk of prostate and colorectal cancer. At present, there is limited information available on choline intake and health outcomes, particularly for the Korean population. More human studies, including clinical trials on the requirements and the physiological benefits associated with dietary intake, are needed to establish the KDRI for choline.