• 제목/요약/키워드: Wood bending

검색결과 374건 처리시간 0.024초

전통 민도리식 목구조 화통맞춤의 구조적 특성 (A Structural Characteristics of Hwatong-Connections in Traditional Mindori Type of Wood Structures)

  • 유혜란;권기혁
    • 건축역사연구
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.7-28
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    • 2012
  • This study is intended to Mindori structure which is general private houses' structural type among traditional types and is a basic study to confirm structural characteristics of Hwatong connection which is general connection type of column-beam-cross beam. It is aimed to analyze how main member, column, such as size, figure, thickness of Sungetuk and Dugeup affect on structure. Following conclusions are drawn. 1. According to connection conditions, models with big coefficient of friction show stable hysteretic behavior until the angle rotation of member reaches 1/60 and models with small coefficient of friction show dramatical increase in load after the angle rotation of member reaches 1/24. After the angle rotation of member reaches 1/30, separation distance of members is identified physically and cracks are not observed. 2. Specimens with big coefficient of friction show similar inner force regardless of column size(except column size 150mm) and models with small coefficient of friction show increasing inner force as the column size increases. Specimens with same sectional area have similar inner force even though the column figures are different. The thickness of Sungetuk and Dugeup doesn't affect inner force greatly, however, when the thickness of Sungetuk is thin, it could lead to failure of structure as it breaks. 3. The bigger the size of column and the coefficient of friction are, the smaller Bending stiffness depreciation ratio is. 4. Energy Dissipation Efficiency differs from the coefficient of friction. When the coefficient of friction is big, square column shows bigger than round one and it is bigger when the thickness of Sungetuk and Dugeup is thicker. When the coefficient of friction is small, round column shows bigger than square one.

요소수지와 EMDI수지의 복합이용에 의한 고내수정 파티클보드의 제조 (Manufacturing of High Water-Resistant Particleboard by Combining Use of Urea Resin and EMDI Resin)

  • 박종영
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.97-105
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    • 1998
  • This study examined the combined using effects of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and emulsifiable methylene diphyenyl diisocyanate (EMDI) resin to overcome performance limit of three-layer particleboards commonly made by UF resin. Two adhesive adding methods were applied with three types of resin combination system to each layer of particleboards. The one was simultaneously spreading method with emulsified compound resin (UF and EMDI) while the other was separately spreading method with unemulsified EMDI resin after UF resin spreading. The performance of particleboards bonded with 2% EMDI resin to the inner layers(IL) were similar to that of controls bonded with 8% UF resin. In the case of the emulsified compound resin application to the all layers of particleboards, there were marked reinforcing effects of EMDI resin, although a small amount of EMDI resin was mixed with UF resin. Especially bending MOR after 24 hours cold water-immersion and thickness swelling after 2 hours hot water-immersion of compound resin-bonded particleboards were remarkably different from those of pure UF resin-bonded particleboards. It was found that separately spreading method with unemulsified EMDI resin was more effective than simultaneously spreading method with emulsified compound resin to sustain the internal bond strength of particleboards after 24 hours cold water-immersion. In the resin combination systems to outer layers/inner layers of particleboards, water resistance and strength properties were superior in order of UF+EMDI/UF+EMDI > UF/UF+EMDI > UF/UF. And water resistance of particleboards was greatly dependent upon EMDI resin level in any adhesive adding method.

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합판대용(合板代用) 박판상(薄板狀) 복합재(複合材) 제조(製造)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (I) - 복합재(複合材) 제조(製造)의 최적조건(最適條件)에 관(關)하여 - (Studies on Manufacture of Thin Composite Panel for Substitute Use of Plywood (I) - On the Optimum Manufacturing Condition of Composites -)

  • 이필우
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.55-69
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    • 1995
  • The primary objective of this research was to investigate optimum manufacturing condition of thin composite panels composed of sawdust, polyethylene film and polypropylene net. At the study the experiment was designed to make thin board in which sawdust offers effectiveness as core composing material, polyethylene as adhesive with added urea resin, and polypropylene as stiffness and flexibility in the composition panel. 100 types of thin composite panels were manufactured according to press-lam and mat-forming process of various hot pressing conditions(pressure, temperature and time). They were tested and compared with control boards on bending properties(MOR, MOE, SPL, WML), internal bond strength, thickness swelling, linear expansion and water absorption. At the same time the visual inspections of each types of panels were accomplished. The physical and mechanical properties of composite types passed by visual inspection were analyzed by Tukey's studentized range test. From the statistical analysis, the optimum manufacturing condition of thin composite panels were selected. Compared with two manufacturing processes, mat-forming process performed better than press-lam process in all tested properties. The optimum manufacturing conditions resulted from the experiment and statistical analysis were able to determine as following: the press temperature was shown the most good result at 130$^{\circ}C$ in mat forming process and 140$^{\circ}C$ press lam process, the press time 4 min in both processes, but the press pressure was 25-10kg/$cm^2$ in mat forming and 15k/$cm^2$ press lam process.

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다양한 다중 볼트 접합부의 거동에 대한 수치해석 (Numerical Behavior Analysis for the Various Multiple Bolted Connections)

  • 김광철
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.24-29
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    • 2008
  • 수치해석 모델을 적용하여 다중 볼트 접합부의 거동을 해석하였다. 기본 모델로 축력-휨 요소를 가정하고 해석을 실시하였으며, 프레임재의 효과와 철물의 효과를 구분하여 해석을 실시하였다. 기존의 해석적인 방법은 볼트의 개수가 2개까지만으로 제한될 경우는 어느 정도 정확도를 보여 줄 수 있어서 많은 시간이 소요되는 수치해석적 방법보다 장점이 있을 수 있다. 하지만 현실적으로 사용되고 있는 현장의 조건은 그 이상의 볼트를 사용하고 있는 실정이다. 또한 현장에서 사용되고 있는 볼트의 배치 및 배열 형태를 기존의 해석적 방법을 적용하여 거동 분석을 실시한다는 것은 불가능하다. 이러한 현실 조건을 고려하여 볼트 접합부의 정확한 거동해석을 실시하기 위해서는 수치해석적 방법을 적용하는 방법 이외에는 대안이 없다. 다양한 다중 볼트 접합부에 대해 수치해석 모델을 적용한 결과 광범위하게 사용되고 있는 항복모델 등의 기존의 경험적 해석방법에 비해 현실적인 접합부 여건 반영이 수월하고 정확성에 있어서 우수함을 볼 수 있었다.

Evaluation of Impact Sound Insulation Properties of Light-Framed Floor with Radiant Floor Heating System

  • Nam, Jin-Woo;Park, Joo-Saeng;Lee, Jun-Jae
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.75-84
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    • 2002
  • In order to find out impact insulation properties, various types of current radiant floor heating systems and light-framed floors that are used in light-framed residential buildings were evaluated for two types of impact sources at the same time. Sound Pressure Level (SPL) was different from each impact sources for those spectrum patterns and peaks. In case of light-framed floor framework, the excitation position and the assumed effective vibrating area have effects on sound pressure level but it is not considerable, and Normalized SPL was reduced for each frequency by increasing the bending rigidity of joist. The mortar layer in the radiant heating system had relatively high density and high impedance, therefore, it distributed much of the impact power when it was excited, and reduced the Normalized SPL considerably. Nevertheless, Increasing a thickness of mortar layer had little influence on SPL. Ceiling components reduced the sound pressure level about 5~25 dB for each frequency. Namely, it had excellent sound insulation properties in a range from 200 to 4,000 Hz frequency for both heavy and lightweight impact sources. Also, there was a somewhat regular sound insulation pattern for each center frequency. The resilient channel reduced the SPL about 2~11 dB, irrelevant to impact source. Consequently, current radiant floor heating systems which were established in light-framed residential buildings have quite good impact sound insulation properties for both impact sources.

흙막이 가시설 내진설계를 위한 등가정적해석의 유효성 분석 (Applicability of Pseudostatic Analysis for the Seismic Design of Temporary Retaining Structures in a Deep Excavation)

  • 유상화;김동찬;김종관;한진태
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제39권9호
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    • pp.35-50
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    • 2023
  • 본 논문은 흙막이 가시설의 내진설계 가이드라인을 작성하기 위한 기초 연구로서, 국내외에서 적용되고 있는 내진설계 기준과 등가정적해석을 위한 동적토압 산정 방법에 대해 문헌연구를 수행하였다. 그리고 2차원 유한차분해석 프로그램인 FLAC 2D를 이용하여 Semirigid pressure 방법, Wood 방법, Mononobe-Okabe 방법에 따라 등가정적해석을 수행하고, 벽체의 모멘트와 지보재 축력에 대한 해석 결과를 동해석 결과와 비교하여 등가정적해석의 적용성을 평가하였다. Semirigid 방법은 0.4%H 이하의 수평 변위가 발생하는 Stiff wall의 모멘트를 가장 합리적으로 예측하였다. 지보재의 축력은 구조물과 흙 사이의 동적인 상호작용을 고려할 수 없어 정확하게 예측하는 것이 어려웠으나, 안전측으로 보수적인 설계를 위한 예비검토에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

백합나무를 이용하여 제조한 3층 파티클보드와 배향성 스트랜드보드(OSB)의 물성에 관한 연구 (Study on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particleboard and Oriented Strandboard Manufactured by Tulliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera L.))

  • 서준원;강길우;조건희;박헌
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제46권1호
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    • pp.67-72
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구에서는 주요 조림수종으로 선정된 백합나무를 이용하여 파티클보드(PB)와 배향성 스트랜드보드(OSB)를 제조하여 보드 원료로서의 가능성을 확인하였다. 두께 15 mm, 밀도 $0.7g/cm^3$의 파티클보드와 두께 10 mm, 밀도 $0.65g/cm^3$의 OSB를 제조하였으며, 파티클보드 공장에서 상용하고 있는 $E_1$ 등급의 요소 폼알데하이드 수지와 왁스, 경화제를 첨가하여 실제 생산, 유통하는 보드제품과 최대한 유사하게 제작조건을 맞추었다. 제조된 보드의 품질시험 결과, PB의 경우, 평균두께 15.8 mm, 평균밀도 $0.71g/cm^3$, 함수율은 5.8% 기준에 적합하였다. 휨강도는 KS 규격(KS F 3104)의 13형 이상($13.0N/mm^2$ 이상), 박리강도는 18형 이상($0.3N/mm^2$ 이상), 나사못 유지력은 평면에서는 18형 이상(700 N 이상), 측면 15형 이상(300 N 이상)의 품질을 만족시켰다. 그러나 휨강도가 박리강도, 나사못유지력에 비해서 낮은 강도를 나타내는데 이것은 파티클 길이/두께의 비율(Slenderness ratio)이 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. OSB의 경우, 평균두께 10.7 mm, 평균밀도 $0.68g/cm^3$, 함수율은 6.3%로 KS F 3104 기준에 적합하였으며, 휨강도 18형 이상($18.0N/mm^2$ 이상), 나사못유지력 18형 이상(700 N 이상), 박리강도 13형 이상($0.20N/mm^2$ 이상)의 품질을 만족시켰다.

단판 적층성형 학생용 책상.의자의 제조적성 (Feasibility of Manufacturing Desk and Chair with Curved Veneer Lamination)

  • 서진석;박종영;한기만
    • 한국가구학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.59-65
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    • 2005
  • As physical condition of students improves, there is a need to develop human body-friendly desk and chair for students. In this study, desks and chairs were manufactured with curved veneer lamination under high frequency heating and pressing, using ten wood species such as Japanese red pine, Korean pine, pitch pine, Japanese larch, yellow poplar, black locust, oak, radiata pine, beech, and birch. The performance of these products were evaluated. The results obtained were summarized as follows; With high frequency heating, the turned lamination of veneers with full size sheet ($3{\times}6\;feet$) prepared by rotary lathe peeling was successfully applied for making the members of desk top, leg frames of desk and chair. Bending strengths of desk tops were relatively greater for yellow poplar, black locust and red pine, which were similar to those of beech and birch. Bending strengths of desk legs were classified into greater species group (red pine, yellow poplar, larch) and lower species group (radiata pine, Korean pine, pitch pine). Compressive strengths of chair legs in parallel direction to the lamination were greater in black locust and larch. On the other hand, differences between outer and inner gap at the top and drawer bottom of desk top were rather larger for the laminations of birch and beech, and less for those of yellow poplar and pitch pine, showing greater stability of open drawer space. In results, yellow poplar, larch, pitch pine and red pine showed good appearance and strength properties at the curved veneer lamination. Accordingly, it was believed that these domestic woods were able to substitute for birch which was being imported for the use of veneer-laminates type furniture.

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<고려 나전칠기> 제작에 사용된 목공기술과 자개의 해부학적 특징에 대한 기초 연구 (Basic study of the woodworking techniques used in the production of Goryeo mother-of-pear-linlaid lacquerware and the anatomical features of the shell for the mother-of-pearl)

  • 박영만;김태하;고수린
    • 박물관보존과학
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    • 제25권
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 2021
  • 국립중앙박물관 고려나전향상(高麗螺鈿香箱)은 당대의 제작기법과 미학적 표현을 종합적으로 보여주는 대표 문화재이다. 본 연구에서는 원형복원에 필요한 백골 제작에 사용된 수종 및 목공기술과 나전의 해부학적 특징을 조사하였다. 조사 결과 고려나전향상은 삼나무로 만들었으며 이는 일본과 교역관계를 짐작할 수 있으며 뚜껑 하단에 있는 띠 부분 부착하기 위하여 모서리 부분에 "주름꺾기법"을 사용한 것과 상판과 측판의 결합을 위하여 나무못을 사용한 것은 얇은 판재를 효율적으로 사용하기 위한 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 사용된 나전의 해부학적 특징을 조사한 결과 얇은 판상의 적층구조가 확인되었다. 이러한 특징은 일부 패각류에서 관찰되며 정확한 패각의 식별을 위한 연구가 필요하다.

정신지체아의 운동교육 Program 적용효과 (The Effects of Exercise Education Programs in Mentally-Handicapped Children)

  • 김상수;전제균
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.23-35
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    • 1994
  • In this research, the mentally-handicapped children being able to be trained were investigated the actual condition of train function making 40 mentally-handicapped children in Kummi Hyedang Spacial Education School, to exmine the effect of physical exercise function when training the mentally-handicapped children who can be trained as applying exercise education programs, and trains for 10 weeks by assigning to both experiment group and control group according to children who are similar to training functions from pre-examination. The results are in following: First, the results of test in the exercise ability of mentally-handicapped children with the degree of being able to trained are very delayed in comparison with normal mental children through the both top and bottom examination. The developments of 5 exercise functions classified by domain, have the order of eyesight exercise, softness, physical strength, quickness, parallelism, the interaction of both eye and hand, and, have the exercise function being equal to the level of between 6 and 12 years old. In 13 bottom test, throwing bean-bag is equal to the nomal 12 years old boy. the board jump, sitting position / bending forward / closing are equal to the level of 12 years old boy. standing with only leg is the level of 9 years old, threading pearls is 7 years old, transfering the wood building, picking the upper body up, walking board, balancing one leg with opened, eye, fist / opening palm / palm, bending and opening arm with postrating on chair, are the exercise functions of below 6 years old. Second, there are great effects in carrying out the exercise education program to the mentally-handicapped children with the level of being able to trained. In experiment group, it is elevated to the middle level of 12 years old nomal children. Classified by domain of test the board jump, training, the bean-bag are far higher level than 12 years old normal children, and are elevated the level of 11 years old boy. Balancing only leg with closed eye is below the level of 10 years old boys, fist / opening palm / palm are the level of 9 years old boys. There and back running, picking the upper body is the level of 9 years old girls. Walking board is the level of 8 years old boys. Bending and opening arm with postrating on chair is the level of 7 rears old boy. Balancing one leg with opened eye is elevated to the level of f years old girls. These functions have the more balanced exercise function rather than pre-examination. In control group, they have little change by classified the bottom test, but have the exercise function on the time of pre-examination, go backward in physical strength. quickness. Third, the exercise function being learned by exercise education program on the mentally-handicapped children of the level with being able to train is appeared to maintain continuately. Softness, physical strength, quickness, eyesight training are maintained the learned exercise function, the interaction of both eye and hands, parallelism are delayed a little. Classified by the bottom test. threading pearls, transfering the wood building, throwing the bean-bag, sitting position / rolling forward / reaching, the broad jump and picking upper body up, there and bark running, picking upper body up, balancing with only leg as opened eye, bending and opening arm with postrating on chair, etc. are maintained. Fist / opening palm / palm, balancing with only leg as opened eye are delayed a little. The change of body position is elevated. Seeing these results, it is appeared to the mentally-handicapped children that the exercise education programs, which is suitable their actual condition and acomplishes in voluntary participation, have very positive effect. So, to develop the function of body exercise in mentally-handicapped children with the level of being to able to be trained, the measures must be groped so that the exercise education programs can be practiced positively, and the ,body exercise can be experienced more.

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