• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.293-304
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• 2007

The emergence of extended spectrum $\beta$-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria is worldwide concern. Until recently, the most frequently identified strains in the Republic of Korea were E. coli and Klebsiella spp. The incidence of resistance to extended spectrum $\beta$-lactam antibiotics is increasing in Wonju city, Korea. Total 57 strains of ESBL producing E. coli and Klebsiella species were isolated from Wonju Christian Hospital during a 9 month-period from April to December, 2003. To determine the prevalence and genotypes of the ESBL producing clinical isolates, antibiotic susceptibility and ESBL activity test by VITEK system and double disk synergy (DDS) test, and PCR based genotyping were performed. Fourteen (82%) isolates of 17 ESBL producing E. coli were found to have $bla_{TEM}$ gene and 5 (29%) isolates were found to have $bla_{CTX-M}$ gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirty (75%) isolates of 40 ESBL producing Klebsiella species with $bla_{TEM}$ gene, 38 (95%) isolates with $bla_{SHV}$ gene, and 7 (20%) isolates with $bla_{CTX-M}$ type gene were also identified. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR and similarity index by dendrogram for genetical similarity to band pattern of each clinical isolates were examined. ESBL producing E. coli were grouped into 6 clusters up to 84% of similarity index and Klebsiella species were grouped into 12 clusters up to 76% of similarity index. In conclusion, ESBL producing clinical isolates were characterized with the results from antimicrobial resistance pattern and genetical similarity using ERiC PCR.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.13-33
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• 2009

Mineralogical analysis with petrographic microscope and XRD was carried out to verify manufacturing technique of the tiles(9 samples) and kiln wall materials(5 samples) from the Anchang-ri history site in Wonju county. One of the results we found is such that during the tile manufacturing process fine tile fragments or wall materials might be added instead of chamottes to maintain tile pattern. Abandoned tiles or wall materials were recycled repeatedly, which may be supported by the recycled chamottes that made from iron-rich fine aggregates or disposed kiln wall materials in many samples analyzed. The tiles and wall materials are divided into 3 types, including low temperature type (below $800^{\circ}C$), intermediate temperature type ($800-930^{\circ}C$) and high temperature type ($930-1470^{\circ}C$) as a function of firing temperature which deduced by mineral assemblages identified under petrographic microscope and by XRD composition. Both Kiln A8 of Choseon Dynasty and wall material AW5 were burned at the highest temperature among the all analyzed samples.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

Objectives This study is to investigate the related factors to contribute the metabolic syndrome according to Sasang Constitution. Methods Nine hundred twenty six persons out of 1774 persons, over 40 years old, participated in community-based cohort in Wonju City of South Korea from June 2006 to August 2009. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was carried out by NCEP-ATP III(National Cholesterol Education Program in Adult Treatment Panel III) and Asian Pacific Criteria for abdominal obesity. The related factors were checked using questionnaire and blood samples. Sasang Constitution was verified by a Sasang Constitution specialist using the results of PSSC(Phonetic System for Sasang Constitution), facial pictures and simplified Sasang Constitutional questionnaires. Metabolic syndrome incidence rate according to Sasang Constitution and binary logistic regression analysis were performed with SPSS 19.0. Results Metabolic syndrome incidence rate was 30.3% and the majority of newly categorized as metabolic syndrome was Taeeumin(40.7%). There were significant risk factors like systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglyceride and female and a significant defense factor like HDL-cholesterol. In terms of constitutional view, there were significant risk factors like waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride in Soyangin, female, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglyceride in Taeeumin, female, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride in Soeumin. And there was a significant defense factor like HDL-cholesterol in only Taeeumin. Conclusions Regimens on metabolic syndrome were considered to be changed according to Sasang Constitution. Taeeumin female and Soeumin female should be cautious of body weight and metabolic syndrome when elderly. There are more cautious risk factors in each constitution; systolic blood pressure and triglyceride in Soyangin and fasting blood sugar and serum lipids levels in Soeumin and Taeeumin.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.139-151
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• 2007

This study conducts quantitative analysis with the use of GIS of characteristics of Buddhism relics spatial locations such as Buddhist temple sites. With the intention of analysis of the generally known Buddhist temple site locations from spatial side, following the Buddhism relics sites state, the present conditions of Buddhist temple sites was analyzed from the spatial point of view. The results of the present study are that, comparing with general location analysis, different characteristics of competitive strength which maintains Buddhist temple sites functioning until now are showing. In case of such cities as Chuncheon and Wonju, Buddhist temples exist in the areas of high locational competitiveness, and most of them were located in the areas which with relatively poor environment. On the other hand, comparing with Samchuk city case, the location environment of Buddhist temples there turned out to be excellent. Such results show that we can discover the special characteristics of Buddhism which holds the entire history for the space called the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.15 no.2 s.38
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• pp.115-126
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Sex Role attitude and childrens clothing behavior for senior childhood years upon two regions-city of Wonju and Mokpo-The questionnaires were administered to 315 elementary school children in Mokpo and 268 in Wonju. This data was analyze ststistically using to pearson's correlation, ANOVA (one-way or two-way) and Multiple Classification Analyze. The major findings of this research can be summarize as followings: 1. There are significant relationships between the unisex clothing behavior and the sex role attitude subscales. Liberal attitude toward sex role were positively related to unisex clothing behavior for senior childhood years children. 2. There are significant positive correlationships between the attitude of solving problem and comfort, autonomy, linterest and management. 3. The Sex and Grade have significants effect on the sex role attitude in two regios. Girls exhibited higher liberal attitudes toward sex role than boys. 4. The Sex have significant effects on clothing behavior and Grade have partially significant effect on clothing behavior. 5. The equality of the sexes attitude is significant relationships among the sex role attitude subscales except attitude of solving problems. There are significant inter relationships between the family role, occupation role and play role among the sex role subscales. 6. There are significant positive correlations between the unisex clothing behavior and conformity. And significant negative correlations between comfort and the unisex clothing behavior. Comfort is related to autonomy and management. Management is related to auton-omy and interest. 7. There are significant differences in sex role attitude according to two regions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.11 no.1 s.26
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop a simulation model of rural road path for infrastructure of green-tourism and public service in rural areas. This study makes an objective function for moving cost minimization considering car travel time according to road characteristics, which can route the optimal shortest road paths between the center places and all rear villages, based on GIS coverages of road-village network for connecting between center places and rural villages as input data of the model. In order to verify the model algorithm, a homogeneous hexagonal network, assuming distribution of villages with same population density and equal distance between neighborhood villages on a level plane area, was tested to simulate the optimal paths between the selected center nodes and the other rear nodes, so that the test showed reasonable shortest paths and road intensity defined in this study. The model was also applied to the actual rural area, Ucheon-myun, which is located on Hoengsung-gun, Kangwon-do, with 72 rural villages, a center village (Uhang, 1st center place) in the area, a county conte. (Hoengsung-eup, 2nd center place), and a city (Wonju, 3rd center place), as upper settlement system. The three kinds of conte. place, Uhang, Hoengsung-eup, and Wonju, were considered as center places of three scenarios to simulate the optimal shortest paths between the centers and rural villages, respectively. The simulation results on the road-village network with road information about pavement and width of road show that several spans having high intensity of road are more important that the others, while some road spans have low intensity of road.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.278-287
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• 2024

Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between smartphone usage and eating behavior among elementary school students. Methods: This survey was conducted on 4th- to 6th-grade students at elementary schools in Gangneung from September 6th to September 15th, 2023. Of the 129 copies of the questionnaire that were distributed to 5 schools, 66 copies (51.2%) were returned. Results: Compared to the nationwide statistics, the smartphone ownership rate of elementary school students in Gangneung was lower, but the rate of smartphone overdependence was higher. Smartphone dependence was 21.12 points for study subjects and 26.00 points for the overdependence risk group (Org). Compared to national statistics, the self-control failure factor was higher, so study participants in Gangneung City are thought to have great difficulty with self-control. The Org's weekend smartphone use time of 7.54 hours was significantly more than the general user group (Gug)'s 4.06 hours. The number of days in which the Org consumed late-night snacks per week was 2.92 days, and the Gug had 2.15 days, but the difference was not significant. Eating fast food showed a positive correlation with eating sweet food, eating fatty food, and eating heavily seasoned food. It was found that frequent consumption of fast food is closely correlated with unhealthy eating behavior. Weekend smartphone use time showed a significant positive correlation with smartphone dependence and the number of days late-night snacks consumed per week. Conclusions: Study participants in Gangneung are more dependent on smartphones than national statistics. Smartphone dependence had a negative correlation with healthy eating behavior and a correlation with average unhealthy eating behavior.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.400-411
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• 2018

This study was a survey of the Wonju stream in Wonju city from May 2015 to September 2016. A total of three sites were selected from the upstream area Gwanseol-dong to the downstream area Hojeo-myeon. Physicochemical analysis, aquatic insect changes, cluster analysis, functional group analysis, rarefaction curve, and statistical analysis were compared between 2004 and 2016. A total of 19 species (38.78%) in 2004 and 22 species (36.67%) in 2016 were analyzed, with the largest number belonging to ephemeroptera. The individual ratio ranged from 27,759.2 (ind. $m^{-2}$, 84.30%) in 2004 to 4,573.2 (ind. $m^{-2}$, 41.64%) in 2016, with the highest number involving diptera. As a result of the community analysis, significant differences were detected in the indices of dominance, diversity, evenness, and richness in 2004 and 2016 (p<0.05). Burrowers of the habitat orientation groups showed the greatest variation with an average of -68.00% (${\pm}2.15$) and the collector-gatherers of the functional feeding groups showed the highest variation of -40.12% (${\pm}1.77$). The rarefaction curve analysis suggested that the species was the poorest in the midstream regions in 2004 and 2016. Physical factors and water quality showed a significant correlation with diversity index, evenness index, and the number of individuals. MDS analysis of the similarity of upstream and downstream regions was high in 2004, and low in 2016. The differences were attributed to physicochemical changes such as increase in flow velocity due to improvement of small dams and changes in bottom structure.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.345-356
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• 2016

In this study, auto-calibration method for water quality model was compared and analyzed using QUAL2Kw, which can estimate the optimum parameters through the integration of genetic algorithm and QUAL2K. The QUAL2Kw was applied to the Sum River which is greatly affected by the pollution loads of Wonju city. Two auto-calibration methods were examined: single parameter application for the whole river reach and separate parameter application for each reach of multiple reaches. The analysis about CV(RMSE) and fitness of the GA show that the separate parameter auto-calibration method is better than the single parameter method in the degree of precision. Thus the separate parameter auto-calibration method is applied to the water quality modelling of this study. The calibrated QUAL2Kw was used for the three scenarios for the water quality management of the Sum River, and the water quality impact on the river was analyzed. In scenario 1, which improve the effluent water quality of Wonju WWTP, BOD and TP concentrations of the Sum River 4-1 station which is representative one of Mid-Watershed, are decreased 17.7% and 29.1%, respectively. And immediately after joining the Wonjucheon, BOD and TP concentrations are decreased 50.4% and 40.5%, respectively. In scenario 2, Wonju water supply intake is closed and multi-regional water supply, which come from other watershed except the Sum River, is provided. The Sum River water quality in scenario 2 is slightly improved as the flow of the river is increased. Immediately after joining the Wonjucheon, BOD and TP concentrations are decreased 0.18mg/L and 0.0063mg/L, respectively. In scenario 3, the water quality management alternatives of scenario 1 and 2 are planned simultaneously, the Sum River water quality is slightly more improved than scenario 1. Water quality prediction of the three scenarios indicates that effluent water quality improvement of Wonju WWTP is the most efficient alternative in water quality management of the Sum River. Particularly the Sum River water quality immediately after joining the Wonjucheon is greatly improved. When Wonju water supply intake is closed and multi-regional water supply is provided, the Sum River water quality is slightly improved.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.688-695
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• 2015

Purpose: The institutionalized elderly have placed the most vulnerable state, and the report about the oral health status of the institutionalized elderly was scarce. The aims of the current study were to investigate the oral health status of institutionalized elderly. Materials and methods: The survey of the oral health status was carried out on 487 institutionalized elderly from 4 longterm care facilities of Seoul metropolitan city, Gyunggi province, and Gangwon province in Korea. Results: The prevalence of dental caries, root caries, and dental calculus of the institutionalized elderly was 19.2%, 15.3%, and 23.7%, respectively. The percentage of edentulism among the institutionalized elderly was 26.2%. Those who had poor oral hygiene and tongue coating were 43.9% and 90.5%, respectively. The percentages wearing complete and removable partial denture on maxilla were 12.8% and 3.3%, respectively. The percentages wearing complete and removable partial denture on mandible were 7.8% and 5.6%, respectively. The percentages of institutionalized elderly needing complete and removable partial denture on maxilla were 29.7% and 27.2%, respectively. The percentages of institutionalized elderly needing complete and removable partial denture on mandible were 24.5% and 30.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The oral health stuatus of institutionalized elderly was poor. For the oral health promotion of elderly in longterm care facilities, it is essential to educate nurses and caregivers about the importance of the oral health and oral hygiene method.