• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2012

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the safety of Bangpungtongsung-san in rats. Methods : The safety of this prescription on acute toxicity was evaluated by single dose toxicity study. Rats were orally administrated in a single dose of 0 and 2,000 mg/kg(limited dose) Bangpungtongsung-san. There were 7 rats in each groups. All animals were sacrificed after 14 days of treatment. After single administration, mortality, clinical signs, and body weight changes were observed for 14 days. Three parameters(autopsy finding, clinical chemistry, and hematology) were tested on the last day. Results : In this study with rats, Bangpungtongsung-san treatment did not show any acute toxicity. No mortality was noted for 14 days of treatment. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs, body weight changes, and autopsy finding at all treatment groups. The clinical chemistry parameters attesting to liver and kidney functions as well as the hematological parameters were within the normal ranges. Conclusions : It is considered that $LD_{50}$ of Bangpungtongsung-san is over 2,000 mg/kg in oral administration by rats. This finding of the safety of Bangpungtongsung-san is expected to strengthen the position of this prescription as nontoxic medicine.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.204-210
• /
• 2015

Makgeolli is made from rice or flour, yeast, and nuruk, a fermentation starter. The flavor of makgeolli is affected by sugars, amino acids, organic acids and volatile flavor compounds produced by various microorganisms. In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from unsterilized makgeolli samples collected from several provinces in Korea, and then later identified. Under anaerobic conditions, LAB density ranged from $5.0{\times}10^6$ to $1.5{\times}10^8CFU/mL$; yeast density ranged from $2.5{\times}10^7$ to $1.5{\times}10^8CFU/mL$. Of the LAB isolated from makgeolli, 1,126 were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA, which allowed for classification into five groups. Of the 1,126 LABs tested, 130 produced ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.73-76
• /
• 2013

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is one possibility for the treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). The aim of this study was study the analysis of polysomnography of pre-UPPP and post-UPPP. All patients were evaluated by means of a physical examination, the epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), the beck depression inventory (BDI) and the nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) before surgery, and 6~12 months after surgery. A total of 15 patients were investigated. All underwent UPPP. The patients were between 26 and 62 years old ($mean{\pm}SD$; $39.7{\pm}10.9$) with a lean body mass index (BMI) of $mean{\pm}SD$; $26.2{\pm}3.0kg/m^2$. The comparison of sleep questionnaires showed that after UPPP, the patients had a significantly lower BMI ($26.2{\pm}3.0kg/m^2$ vs $26.0{\pm}3.4kg/m^2$, p=0.241), ESS ($10.0{\pm}5.4$ vs $6.9{\pm}3.2$, p=0.022), BDI ($9.2{\pm}8.2$ vs $4.2{\pm}4.3$, p=0.343) and higher blood pressure ($127.5{\pm}12.1$ vs $123.7{\pm}12.0$, p=0.272) compared to before UPPP. The comparison of sleep parameters showed that after UPPP, patients had a significantly lower stage N1 ($108.8{\pm}53.1$ vs $82.2{\pm}48.9$, p=0.016), lower sleep latency ($4.9{\pm}4.4$ vs $2.0{\pm}1.7$, p=0.083), a lower total arousal number ($210.6{\pm}90.3$ vs $147.1{\pm}87.3$, p=0.019), lower oxygen desaturation index (ODI) ($30.2{\pm}20.9$ vs $10.2{\pm}15.1$, p=0.006), lower apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ($31.6{\pm}22.4$ vs $10.9{\pm}15.4$, p=0.005), and a lower respiratory disturbance index (RDI) ($37.4{\pm}21.3$ vs $18.5{\pm}16.5$, p=0.008) compared to after UPPP. The comparison of sleep parameters showed that after UPPP, patients had a significantly higher stage N2 ($154.0{\pm}39.9$ vs $180.5{\pm}49.5$, p=0.017), higher REM ($58.5{\pm}29.7$ vs $72.6{\pm}34.0$, p=0.249), higher $meanSaO_2$ ($94.3{\pm}2.0$ vs $95.9{\pm}0.9$, p=0.043), and higher $meanSaO_2$ ($79.3{\pm}8.5$ vs $83.1{\pm}7.9$, p=0.116) than before UPPP. After UPPP, 6 patients were cured, 2 showed marked improvement, and 7 did not improve. After surgery, the success of the treatment was at 53%. The subjective patient satisfaction was higher than before the surgery.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.1317-1321
• /
• 2004

The differentiation of the sebaceous gland is remarkably species-specific and sebocytes may play crucial parts in the pathophysiologic processes and disorders of pilosebaceous unit SZ95 cell is an immortalized human sebaceous gland cell line that shows characteristics of normal human sebocytes, In this study, we investigated the effect of testosterone and the anti-androgenic effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) on lipid synthesis in SZ95 cells. Cytoplasmic lipid droplets were shown by Oil-red staining. The majority of the SZ95 cells positively labeled with Oil-red dye, while HaCaT cells negatively labeled with Oil red dye. Total lipid level of SZ96 cells is higher 4 times than that of HaCat cells. Testosterone markedly increased 2 times lipid synthesis of SZ95 cells in compared with control. 13-cis-RA significantly inhibited lipid synthesis and cell proliferation in SZ95 cells. Combined treatment with testosterone and 13-cis-RA resulted in a lower total lipid levels than that with androgen alone. In conclusion, SZ95 cells well resembled the morphologic and functional characteritics of normal human sebocytes. This in vitro model could provide a valuable tool for the study of sebocytes with a key role in pathophysiology and differentiation of sebaceous glands.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.900-907
• /
• 2011

Bojungikki-tang-gamibang is a widely used herbal prescription in traditional medicine in Korea. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Bojungikki-tang-gamibang for patients who have pontine stroke. They have problems with type of Qi deficiency(氣虛) in the rehabilitation stage. The type of Qi deficiency caused the dizziness and ataxia for the patients. In this study there are two types of patients. The first case is a patient with dizziness and ataxia because of potine hemorrhage. The second case is a patient who has the same symptoms as the first one but caused by pontine infraction. We treated the two patients with Bojungikki-tang-gamibang. The Improvement of symptom was evaluated by Korean vestibular disorders activities of daily living scale(K-VADL). As a result the degree of dizziness decreased noticeably while other symptoms improved as well. This study suggests that Bojungikki-tang-gamibang may be an effective treatment for patients who suffer stroke with type of Qi deficiency(氣虛) in the rehabilitations stage. However, more cases and methods of diagnosis are required to prove that the oriental medicine, Bojungikki-tang-gamibang can apply to patients universally.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.311-321
• /
• 2007

Failure of underground structures in hard rocks is a function of the in-situ stress, the intact rock strength and the distribution of fractures in the rock mass. At highly stressed regime, brittle failure is often observed due to excavation-induced stress. The characteristics of brittle failure are classified as failure grade, failure initiation stress, extent of failure and depth of failure. For safety construction of underground structures, these characteristics of brittle failure with stress conditions should be understood. In this study we evaluated the relationship between the extent and depth of failure with stress conditions for failure happened model specimens through true triaxial model experiments. The extent and depth of failure were determined using visual observation and computed tomography (CT). The results indicate that the depth of failure was affected by differential stress perpendicular to the axis of tunnel. However the extent of failure was irrelevant to the stress conditions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.21.2-21.2
• /
• 2011

2010년 11월 05일부터 11월 29일 중 총 12일간 진천 소재 충북대학교 천문대의 60cm 반사망원경과 ST-8 CCD 카메라를 이용하여 BD And의 BVR CCD 측광 관측을 수행하여 처음으로 BVR 광도 곡선을 완성하였다. 또한, 극심시각 결정을 위한 측광관측이 레몬산 천문대 1m 반사망원경과 충북대학교 천문대의 35cm 망원경으로 수행되었다. 우리의 관측과 SWASP 관측을 통하여 모두 31개의 극심시각을 새로이 결정하였다. 새로운 관측은 이 별의 공전주기가 이전까지 알려진 0.4629일이 아니라 그 두 배인 0.9258일이며, 기산점도 반주기 바뀌어야 함을 보여 준다. BD And의 광도요소를 Min I = HJD 2434962.8602 + 0.d9258054 E으로 새롭게 개정하였다. 이 광도요소로 작성한 우리의 BVR 광도곡선은 제1식과 제2식의 깊이가 거의 비슷하며, 식바깥 부분에 잘 발달된 파형 모양을 보인다. 이는 BD And가 짧은 주기의 RS CVn형 식쌍성임을 나타내는 것이다. 우리의 극심시각을 포함한 총 144개의 극심시각에 대한 (O-C)도를 작성한 결과, BD And의 공전주기가 규칙적으로 변화하는 것을 발견하였다. 이 변화를 보이지 않는 제3천체에 의한 광시간 효과로 가정하여, 궤도이심율이 0.78이며, 9.19년의 주기를 가진 광시간 궤도를 결정하였다.우리의 광도곡선을 2003년 Wilson-Devinney 쌍성 모형으로 분석하여 광도곡선 해를 질량비 q=1.1822, 궤도경사각 i=$86.^{\circ}16$, $T_1$=6358(K), $T_2$=6250(K), $r_1$=1.117(Rsun), $r_2$=1.321(Rsun)와 같이 산출하였다. 식바깥에서 나타나는 파형 모양의 변화는 주성의 표면에 매우 큰 흑점으로 잘 설명되며, BVR 광도곡선에서 각각 전체 광도의 각 6.4%, 8.1%, 9.9%에 해당되는 제3 광도가 검출되었다. 이는 주기연구에서 제안된 제3천체의 존재 가능성을 더 공고히 한다.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This study was to investigate into company workers' oral scaling related factors and enhance a rate of oral scaling. Methods : From August 2010, self-administered questionnaires of the about general question items, oral health relation factors, knowledge of periodontal disease for oral scaling performed, in 267 people worker objects. Results : The followings are the findingd of this research. First, Oral scaling experiences were responded by 205 people(76.8%). Among those prevention the case which enforces with a goal periodically 6 month period 7.3% and the period of 1 years is 28.8%, be most inconvenient is cold(50.7%), with motive is dentistry visits inducement for tooth therapy which 51.2%, Non experience in oral scaling was responded by 62 people(23.2%), 45.2% of whom answered they had no necessity for such treatment. Second, Knowledge of periodontal disease is 'dental calculus and stain loses toothbrush quality did eagerly' incorrect one right answer ratio is highest with 86.5%, 'Becoming the adult being made to draw out tooth is periodontitis than decay' was incorrect one right answer rate was lowest with 62.9%. Third, The workers' sex, service field, one month average income, Currently the oral inconvenient presence, oral health Interest degree, tooth brushing method, knowledge of periodontitis have a significant effect on their oral scaling experience. Conclusions : When seeing with result of above, it is necessary of the oral scaling widely with the method which is various includes a mass communication by causing the changes in the perception of oral scaling. The dental hygienist is inconvenience from oral scaling experience have interest when is possible the patient comfortably, in order could be operated, endeavors demanded.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2014

Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) structural shapes are readily available in civil engineering applications. Among many manufacturing techniques used for FRP structural shapes, pultrusion process is one of the most widely used techniques in civil engineering applications. Pultrusion is a manufacturing process for producing continuous lengths of reinforced polymeric plastic structural shapes with constant cross-section. Pultruded composites are attractive for structural applications because of their continuous mass production with excellent mechanical properties. This paper presents the results of investigations pertaining to the bolted connection with two bolts for the pultruded FRP (PFRP) structural members. PFRP bolted connection tests were conducted with end distance to bolt diameter ratio ($e_1/d_b$) and two types of bolt pattern such as horizontal (Pattern A) and vertical arrangement (Pattern B). As a result, it is found that the $e_1/d_b$ is recommended as the ratio of 4. In addition, it is also found that the bearing strengths at failure of the Pattern A and Pattern B have a similar value.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.263-273
• /
• 2007

When a tunnel or an underground structure is excavated in deep geological environments, the failure process is affected and eventually dominated by stress-induced fractures growing preferentially parallel to the excavation boundary. This fracturing is generally referred to as brittle failure by spatting and slabbing. Continuum models with traditional failure criteria such as Hoek-Brown or Mohr-Coulomb criteria have not been successful in prediction of the extent and depth of brittle failure. Instead cohesion weakening and frictional strengthening (CWFS) model is known to predict brittle failure well. In this study, CWFS model was applied to predict the brittle failure around a circular opening observed in physical model experiments. To obtain the input parameters for CWFS model, damage-controlled tests were carried out. The predicted depth and extent of brittle failure using CWFS model were compared to the results of the physical model experiment and numerical simulation using traditional model.