• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2012

In the knowledge-based society, utilization of women's resources has significant implications as the key to success of national competitiveness. The space and conditions for women to show their abilities in all areas should be provided. Policies on women's resources, which aim to achieve gender equality, should not be limited to the area of social welfare as usual, but should be treated in-depth with relation to political, economic, social, and cultural areas. Local women policies do not reflect the distinct characteristics of the local areas and realities of women, furthermore, even the concept of women policies is not delivered to local women. In this study, directions to shift local women policies from the marginalization to the mainstream of policy are discussed focusing on utilization of women's resources.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.732-738
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the risk factors for coronary heart disease in elderly women. Seventy five elderly women over 65 years of age participated with 35 elderly men over 65 years of age, 40 middle-aged men and 31 middle-aged women as control subjects. The percentage of body fat(34.1 5.6%) in elderly women found to be significantly higher than in other groups and their waist/hip circumference ratio(WHR) was higher than in middle-aged women. The concentrations of plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in elderly women were higher than in other groups, TG concentration higher than in middle aged women and HDL-cholesterol % lower than in other groups. Plasma cholesterol ester transfer protein(CETP) activities of elderly women were significantly higher than in middle-aged subjects, but were not different from those of elderly men. Plasma Apolipoprotein(Apo) A-I level in elderly women was higher than in middle-aged men but not different from the other groups. Differences among groups were not great in Lipoprotein (Lp)(a)levels. CETP activities were significantly correlated with age, body fat % total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and Lp(a). Therefore, it appears that the increased risk of coronary heart disease in elderly women is due to the increase of body fat, central adipose distribution, serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and CETP activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.5 s.104
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• pp.105-117
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to understand the process of American women's adoption of knickerbockers from the mid-nineteenth to the early twentieth century. Articles and advertisements related to women's knickerbockers found from The New York Times were used as primary sources. Before 1920, women wore knickerbockers when they participated in sports including gymnasium, bicycling, and swimming. Knickerbockers were mostly worn with overskirts when women appeared in the public. Therefore, knickerbockers were categorized as underwear in the advertisements until the late 1910s. However, knickerbockers were even worn on the streets and in offices after American women gained suffrage in 1920. As more women adopted knickerbockers during the 1920s, the public criticisms and regulations on women's knickerbockers intensified. However, the articles on women's knickerbockers gradually disappeared from The New York Times, as they went out of fashion by the end of the 1920s. Considering the social situation and the change in womanhood during the period, I concluded that American women's adoption process of knickerbockers reflected the increase in women's mobility, and the change in gender roles and the definition of femininity.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.31-38
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• 2017

Purpose - This study aims to elucidate the status of women as consumers and observe their consumption trends in relation to culture. Research design, data, and methodology - Past studies of women as consumers were observed and their consumer behaviors were noted. The stigma of women in society and how it has impacted the market industries were examined. Additionally, the role of culture in consumerism for women were also reviewed and elucidated. Results - The stereotypical roles that are placed in women in society are still prevalent for the marketing industry and is reflected in their businesses. Additionally, the role of culture plays a significant role in the consumer behaviors of women and thus businesses should understand its intricate differences between countries. Fashion industry is one that plays a prominent role in women's consumerism and the impact of culture has a prominent impact on women's consumer habits as well. Conclusions - Additional studies should be conducted to understand the consumerisms of women in the marketing industry. Businesses should also be aware of the vastly different cultural norms of various countries and tailor to their preferences. Only through a thorough examination and understanding of the consumer behavior in women will markets be able to flourish and gain solid ground in global businesses.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.433-442
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• 1993

Dietary folate intake and serum folate levels were measured in 26 pregnant, 25 lactating, and 17 non-pregnant, non-lactating women. Dietary folate comsumption was estimated by calculating folate intake based on the information obtained from food frequency quesionnaires and serum folate levels were determined microbiologically using Lactobacillus casei. The total folate (from food and supplements) intakes of pregnant and lactating women were 326.9ug and 407.9ug, which was significantly higher than that of the non-pregnant, non-lactating women(139.5ug). However, with regard to food folate intake, there were no differences among the three groups (160ug for pregnant women, 143.4ug for lactating women). Forty-two percent and 36% of the pregnant and lactating subjects, respectively, were found to be taking commercially available nutritional supplements containing folate. The concentrations of folate in these supplements were in the range of 83ug~1, 000ug per tablet. For lactating women, serum folate levels were significantly higher when folate supplements were voluntarily used. The amount of folate intake was positively correlated with the serum folate levels in pregnant women, but not in lactaing women and non-pregnant, non-lactating women. Serum folate levels were negatively correlated with the ages of the pregnant women, and for lactating women, serum folate was positively correlated with their body weights.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.200-210
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• 2014

Purpose: This research is conducted in order to compare health status, health behaviors, and health care utilization between immigrant women and domestic women in South Korea. Methods: Research subjects comprised of 62 immigrant women living in a rural area of South Korea' extracted from a survey and health examination conducted during a period from 1st of August in 2013 to 8th of November in 2013 and 214 domestic women extracted from primitive data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011. Student t-test, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression were performed using the SPSS18.0K program for analysis. Results: Results of comparison between immigrant women and domestic women, showed no difference in obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, anemia, hepatitis B, previous history of tuberculosis, and history of decayed, missing, and filled teeth however, more immigrant women had experienced decayed, missing, and filled teeth compared to domestic women (p<0.001). Conclusions: Compared to domestic women, Iimmigrant women were more likely to have poor dental health conditions. Therefore, greater efforts is needed in order to solve poor dental health conditions for women.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.203-219
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• 2007

The education chance and job opportunity of women have increased in the 19th century. Also, women tried to get the right and chance equal to men in this period. Therefore, the population of women participating in the sports have increased. And comfortable and practical pantaloons which men have been wearing were suggested to women. This study investigated the characteristics and change of women's sports wear relating to social change in the 19th century. The results of this study were as follows: 1. According to the social change, women participated in the sports activities with the opportunity equal to men, and the appropriate women's sports wear was needed. 2. Pantaloons which were suggested as the clothing reform movement became popular with the development of sports wear. 3. Simple, effective, comfortable and easy style sports wear was preferred. 4. Women accepted men's sports wear positively. 5. The women's sports wear varied according to the various kinds of sports. 6. The healthful design was preferred and harmful design was excluded. 7. Underwear was improved functionally and simplified. 8. The main materials were flannel, wool, tweed, homespun and serge, and the mail colors were brown, dark blue, gray and black.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.6 s.220
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• pp.121-127
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the sin satisfaction and fitness of Chinese women for Korean-made women's suits. The study methodology was questionnaire survey and the subjects were randomly chosen, 20 to 49-year-old female shoppers at department stores in Beijing, China. The data analyses were performed with SPSS 12.0 through descriptive analysis, t-test, and crosstab analysis. The findings were as follows. Chinese women assessed both the fit satisfaction and fit suitability levels of Korean-made women's suits available in China to be higher than that of Chinese-made women's suits. Paticularly, in the tan of slacks showing the lowest suitability level among Chinese-made women's wear, Korean-made women's suits in China had outstandingly high suitability level. In the case of jackets, however, the Korean-made women's suits went through more fixings, on average, than Chinese-made women's suits. In addition, more fixings were done for enlargement than for contraction, which necessitated the measure changes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.209-230
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• 2002

Internet sites for women, as combination of the advanced telecommunication and women's culture, have influenced our society both quantitatively and qualitatively. In that, this study builds a theoretical basis on internet sites for women in relation to internet, cyberspace, and women's culture; examines internet sites for women in Korea : compares and analyzes internet sites for women in terms of women's portal sites, women's community sites, women's professional sites, and women's educational sites : and suggests some recommendations for improvement. In so doing, this study aims at enhancing our understanding of internet, cyberspace, and women's culture in general.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.61-75
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• 2007

This paper examines the intergenerational time transfers between married women and their co-residing elderly parents, and how they affect married women's labor force participation and work hour. The sample was drawn from the "2004 Time Use Survey" conducted by Korea National Statistical Office and the Heckman's 2-step model was estimated to examine these relationships. We find that women's caregiving time for their elderly parents reduces their likelihood of participating in the labor force. On the contrary, parental time transfers for married women increases the probability of their labor force participation. We find no evidence that the actual hours of paid work is related to the time transfers between married women and their elderly parents. In other words, after married women decide to participate in the labor force, their work hours are not affected by the time spent for parents and time gained from parents to them. Parental income is positively associated with the married women's labor force participation whereas husband's income is negatively related. The married women working in service occupation and earn salaries work longer hours than those employed as laborer and wage workers. Having older parents and owning the second home reduce working hours of married women.