• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.231-238
• /
• 2019

This study aims is to analyze of existing concepts of gender stereotypes and gender differences in wages, defining of gender pay gap determinants, and to evaluate the level of discrimination against women in Kazakhstan. This paper begins by reviewing trends in gender stereotypes and gender segregation during the past several decades. In this research, authors propose the methodological tools for presenting a standard form of evaluation of gender pay gap. The developed methodological tools will allow providing authentic and formal analysis on gender pay gap and identifying the main determinants of gender pay differences. Further, the obtained results showed the distribution of wage gap in Kazakhstan's regions and the Duncan's dissimilation index allows us to trace the dynamics of changes in the professional structure between men and women. According to the results, gender pay gap is narrowing with the reduction of the job level and discrimination is related to differences in human capital and education. Wages in the industrial sector are higher for men than for women, because men's professions are characterized by severe and unhealthy working conditions. In addition, employers prefer male managers, but if they take woman managers, they give them salary 3 times less.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.99-110
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study is to explore systemetically what makes working women continue or interrupt their job after childbirth, An empirical survey was conducted by using questionnaire and data from 194 women who had clerical job before first childbirth. The major findings are as follows : (1) The significant differences between the two groups are caused by family orientation, motherhood, average monthly wage of her own, emotional support, child carer in the family, maternal policy. (2) The probability of continuing job is higher when the public supports are offered to working married women than in case of being supported privately.

• Journal of Labour Economics
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.63-100
• /
• 2020

This paper incorporates the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides search and matching framework into the DSGE model. We estimate the model using a Bayesian estimation methodology on Korean data (1991:1-2020:1). Using the estimated model, we investigate the quantitative effects of wage subsidies. Wage subsidies increase matched firms' profits by reducing labor costs which leads to increases in new matches, employment and output. We find that for one percent of GDP in wage subsidies, the cumulative increase in the output level will be greater than 1 percent.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural relationship between the possibility of socioeconomic class elevation of wage earners, happiness and organizational commitment, and life satisfaction. Research design, data and methodology: Data from the 24th fiscal year (2021) of the Korea Labor Panel data were used for analysis. Only wage earners who measured job satisfaction and organizational engagement were analyzed, and a sample of 9,138 respondents was finally used, excluding missing values. Structural Equation Modeling was performed using AMOS 23.0, and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) was used as a model estimation method. Results: First, the hypothetical structural model set up for the study was found to be suitable. Second, the Possibility of Socioeconomic Class Elevation of wage earners, happiness, and organizational commitment were found to have a direct impact on life satisfaction. Third, the possibility of improving the socio-economic status of wage earners affects life satisfaction, and happiness and organizational commitment appear to have a partially mediating effect. Conclusions: This study is significant in that it has increased interest in organizational participation and life satisfaction, which were not covered in previous studies on the possibility of wage workers moving up the socioeconomic class.

• Journal of Labour Economics
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.1-30
• /
• 2021

The objective of our study is investigating the effects of the minimum wage on a producer price index (PPI) and selected restaurant menu prices. As an identification strategy, we exploit inter-industrial and inter-regional variations in the share of workers who are affected by the minimum wage. Estimation results show a significant relationship between the share of workers affected by the minimum wage and prices. Specifically, a PPI and selected restaurant menu prices tend to rise by 0.77~1.68% and 0.16~1.86%, respectively as the share of workers affected by the minimum wage increase by 1%p. These estimates imply that during the period of our analysis 0.82~3.01% and 4.45~47.04% of overall changes in a PPI and selected restaurant food prices are associated with the adjustment in the minimum wage.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.41-52
• /
• 1997

This paper explored the public issue on housework analyzed the policy and the law associated housework and developed the theorical model for its political program. This idea is dependent that the policy has priority over change of the social ideology. That policy contains a campaign and a education to be aimed to share of housework in order to make responsibility of men as well as women on family and work. Also it contains economic value estimates to quantify and value the non-wage work(childcaring homemaking etc.) in order to confirm its productive activity. It would assume the lawful form as like a social security or a pension. For example the Family Rights Law Tax Law and Social Security Act have to be reflected on the value of housework and to be secured the social status of provider. After all this work was useful to improve a wage and a social status of all women. As consistent policy and operation associated housework are poor in Korea it is difficult to develop theoric l model on this theme. On the range a political proposal on housework would be bound by family policy(evaluation of housework) and women's labor policy(housework support). So the policy intend to secure a family life to improve welfare of women and to equilibrate the family and the work.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.81-94
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study is to identify the possibility of unemployed married women's economic activity by analysing their willingness to work and possible influencial factors on it. This study estimates the effects of independent variables on the dependent available by using Binomial Probit Model. sample are 592 two-parent households. The results of this study are as follows ; The percentage of unemployed married women's willingness to enter into the labor market is 25.2%. Among the variables which have affected their willingness are family variables(family size, the number of children and the existence of children under the age of 6), personal variables(the age, education level and the past working experience) and financial variables(non-wage income, Engel's coefficient, expenditure o leisure activities and the subject judgement of their financial status). It is hard to accept those women's low willingness as is since the most crucial statistically was especially the children of 6 or less among the family variables. That is to say, more favorable conditions of the labor market and inexpensive day-care centres available would certainly encourage married women to be more willing to participate in economic activities as employees.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.61-75
• /
• 2007

This paper examines the intergenerational time transfers between married women and their co-residing elderly parents, and how they affect married women's labor force participation and work hour. The sample was drawn from the "2004 Time Use Survey" conducted by Korea National Statistical Office and the Heckman's 2-step model was estimated to examine these relationships. We find that women's caregiving time for their elderly parents reduces their likelihood of participating in the labor force. On the contrary, parental time transfers for married women increases the probability of their labor force participation. We find no evidence that the actual hours of paid work is related to the time transfers between married women and their elderly parents. In other words, after married women decide to participate in the labor force, their work hours are not affected by the time spent for parents and time gained from parents to them. Parental income is positively associated with the married women's labor force participation whereas husband's income is negatively related. The married women working in service occupation and earn salaries work longer hours than those employed as laborer and wage workers. Having older parents and owning the second home reduce working hours of married women.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.171-181
• /
• 2020

This is an empirical study that analyzes factors affecting the work-family compatibility of female wage workers with underage children. The analysis was conducted with 1,113 women from the 7th wave of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families by Korean Women's Development Institute. As for research methods, multiple regression analysis was used in order to analyze the effects of 'social support(home support, maternity protection support, childcare and education services)', 'job characteristics', 'socio-demographic variables' and 'husband characteristics' on 'work-family compatibility and conflict'. As a result, it was analyzed that the husband's support for work life, gender inequality at work and women's educational training were the factors that strengthen work-family compatibility. It was also analyzed that gender inequality, use of childcare and education facility, number of underage children, age of husband, husband's satisfaction with caring support and husband's support for work life were the factors that cause conflict between work and family. Thus, if the policy of strengthening the work-family compatibility is a long-term policy, it appears that it is necessary to supplement and strengthen policies that can reduce conflict factors in the short term. It is hoped that the results of the study will be used as objective and academic data to strengthen the maternity protection and work-family compatibility of female workers with underage children.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2020

This study analyzed the status and trend of gender wage gap among listed companies in KOPSI market over the 2000-2017 period. The main results of the study are as follows. First, the gender employment gap index for KOSPI listed companies stood at 39.81 in 2017, with 40 women per 100 men being employed. Although the absolute value of the proportion of female employment remains low, it has not only been higher than 33.74 in 2000 but has also increased steadily in recent years. In terms of the number of years of service, the average number of male employees in 2017 was 9.9 years, compared with 6.9 years for female employees, and the gender tenure gap decreased over the past few years. Finally, The gender wage gap index increased from 60.57 in 2000 to 67.87 in 2017. In addition, there are slight variations in the size of the company or industry, but consistent results have shown that the gender wage gap decreases in recent years. The findings suggest that our society is developing in a way that reduces the gender employment gap and the gender wage gap.