• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2013

Objectives: While many studies have been conducted on whether smoking scenes in films actually affect audience members' smoking, a comprehensive conclusion has yet to be derived. This study systematically reviewed the effect of smoking scenes in films on audience members' attitudes, beliefs, and actions. Methods: We analyzed a total of 146 studies searched on PubMed and PsycINFO (41 qualitative studies, 72 cross-sectional studies, 20 longitudinal studies, and 13 experimental studies). Results: Whereas qualitative studies have only demonstrated that audience members tend to perceive smoking scenes in films not as negative information but as positive information, cross-sectional studies have reported a significant association between smoking scenes and smoking behavior notwithstanding the problems of classifying the groups studied and measuring the degree of exposure. Through follow-up observations, longitudinal studies have reported that such media exposure can serve as a predictor of future smoking. Finally, with exposure and confounding variables under control, experimental studies have confirmed that smoking scenes in films indeed affect audience members' attitudes, beliefs, and actions regarding smoking. Conclusions: Scenes of actors and actresses smoking can be imitated or learned through audience members' immersion and identification and reproduce positive images that may render smoking socially acceptable.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.396-414
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to explore the knowledge of sex, attitude toward sex, sexual satisfaction, the differences of these variables according to the general characteristics, and the correlation of these variables in married women. The data were collected from March 25 to May 20, 2000 by using a mailed questionnaire. The number of subjects were 228 married women in the area of Seoul. Kyunggi-Do and Chungchung-Do. The questionnaire consisted of 67 items including item concerning general characteristics, knowledge of sex, attitude toward sex, and sexual satisfaction. The results were as follows : 1. The mean score and standard deviation of the knowledge of sex was $13.76\pm3.01$ with the range from 5 to 20. The mean score and standard deviation of the attitude toward sex was $57.28\pm9.65$ with the range from 31 to 85 score. The mean score and standard deviation of the sexual satisfaction was $33.15\pm6.54$ with the range from 17 to 48 score 2. The variables influencing on knowledge of sex were children number, women's education level. husband's education level. women's job, economic level. and menstruation status. 3. The variables influencing attitude toward the sex were women's age, husband's age, marriage term, children number, women's religion, economic level. menstruation status, and information acquirement about sex. 4. The variables influencing sexual satisfaction were women's age, husband's age, economic level. menstruation status, and information acquirement about sex. 5. Regarding relationship among the knowledge of sex, the attitude toward sex and the sexual satisfaction, those respondents who had more knowledge of sex had more open attitude toward sex and those respondents who had more open attitude toward sex had higher sexual satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to provide basic data for college students living in the Seoul metropolitan area to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and explore countermeasures by identifying the degree of difference with anxiety, stress, and preventive health behavior before and after the COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: Data were collected from the subjects of the study, 192 college students aged 19 to 29 who completed the COVID-19 vaccination in the Seoul metropolitan area. The data were analyzed with the correlation, paired t-test, and independent t-test using the SPSS 27.0. Results: Preventive health behavior, health anxiety, and stress showed the positive correlation before and after the COVID-19 vaccination among the college students. After the COVID-19 vaccination, COVID-19 related stress including fear of infection (d=-0.11±0.09), and difficulty in social distancing (d=-0.21±0.08), and health behavior (d=-0.06±0.44) decreased compared to before the vaccination. Conclusion: Health education and health policies are required to continue preventive health behavior even after the vaccination.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.109-117
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study examined the impact factors of cesarean section based on the ecological approach in Korea. Methods: Population-based data (Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs) were used from 2,849 delivery cases during 2003~2009. Data were analyzed using geographic statistics with STATA 10.0 and hierarchical logistic regression with SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: The range of cesarean section rate was 28.8~44.7% with geographic distribution. The proportion of mother's problem was increasing in choice of cesarean section. According to the ecological model, age of mother (OR=1.08), time of birth (OR=0.79), delivery in hospital (OR=1.83), delivery in clinic (OR=1.46), and education of mother (OR=2.61) had significant impact on cesarean section. Conclusion: This study contributes to provide the impact factors of the high cesarean rate in Korea ecologically. Policy maker and health care provider can consider these results to reduce cesarean section rate.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.169-181
• /
• 2019

Purpose: To determine association of contraceptive knowledge, sexual double standard, and contraceptive self-efficacy among unmarried women in their 30s and 40s. Methods: With a survey design, data were collected from 119 unmarried women in their 30s and 40s in G city of Korea from September 2017 to March 2018. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Contraceptive knowledge, sexual double standard, and contraceptive self-efficacy scores of participants were $8.97{\pm}2.22$, $18.54{\pm}5.57$, and $45.84{\pm}6.90$, respectively. Contraceptive self-efficacy was negatively correlated with sexual double standard. Factors influencing contraceptive self-efficacy were sexual double standard (${\beta}=-.26$, p=.003), existence of boyfriend (${\beta}=.25$, p=.004), and contraceptive education need for adults (${\beta}=.17$, p=.044). They explained 19% of contraceptive self-efficacy of participants. Conclusion: To increase contraceptive self-efficacy of unmarried women in their 30s and 40s, lowering sexual double standard and developing customized contraceptive education according to age and knowledge level are needed. Research on factors related to contraceptive self-efficacy of unmarried women in their 30s and 40s from various regions are also needed in the future.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.240-248
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of a Qigong prenatal education program on anxiety, depression and physical symptoms in pregnant women. Method: The subjects were a total of 40 pregnant women who received regular prenatal care at S hospital. Twenty people were enrolled in the Qigong prenatal education program and were assigned to the experimental group. The other 20 people who received regular prenatal care only were the control group. The Qigong prenatal education program was given to the experimental group once a week and 2 hours per session for 4 weeks. Anxiety, depression and physical symptoms were collected by a self-administered study questionnaire at the pre- and post-test. Result: There were no significant differences in subjects' general characteristics or pretest scores of study variables at the pretest indicating both groups were homogeneous. Differential t-tests were used to test the effects of the Qigong prenatal education program on study variables. Pregnant women who received the Qigong prenatal education program had a lower level of depression than those who did not attend(t=2.23, p=.03). There were no significant differences on anxiety and physical symptoms. Conclusion: The Qigong prenatal education program was effective in alleviating depression during pregnancy. However, further study is needed to replicate the results with a greater sample size and to investigate the long term effects of the program on the labor and delivery process.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.176-190
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to prepare the basic data for improving anxiety relevant to characteristics of pregnant women. The researcher has examined the degree of anxiety of pregnant women and relationship between the characteristics of Health Locus of Control(HLC) and the anxiety. This research was conducted among 202 pregnant women who visited two obstetric outpatient departments for antenatal care at University hospitals in Seoul and Pusan, from December 1, 1998 to January 10, 1999. The tools used for this study were questionnaire and Wallsston and Wallston's HLC Scale was used for measurement of anxiety. The result of this study was as follows; 1. The mean age was 29 years, proportion of women completed high school was 53.5%, the most and low class was the most, 81.2%, necleas family, the most, 92.1% and the most(70.3%)was the buddist. 2. 70.3% had experience of 1-2 pregnancy and 54.0%, the most had 1-2 child, 7-9 month pregnancy is the highest percentage, 66.3% and the most pregnant women(81.2%) was satisfied with their husbands and highest level of 70.8% revealed no change in sexual life compared to before pregnancy. 3. Expectant women showed HLC-Internal and low level of anxiety. 4. The factors of education and economics related to the intensify of the anxiety significantly. 5. The anxiety was affected by relationship with husband, attitude of pregnancy and minor discomfort during pregnancy. It is conducted that the anxiety of pregnant women may be increased due to education, economics, relationship with husband, attitude of pregnancy and minor discomfort during pregnancy.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.5-13
• /
• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of breast self-examination (BSE) education between at education and three months. Method: The study subjects were consisted of 30 women chosen from those in a Catholic church in Seoul. The data was collected by using questionnare at two different times: immediately after the BSE education and 3 momths after. Result: At three months, women who performed BSE was 50.0% and the number of BSE practce was 2.53. There was statistically significant change on the score of the knowledge, barrier and practice between at education and three months later. Susceptibility was increased after three month, but wasn't significant different. Confidence, motivation after three months were decreased from the time of initial BSE education and wasn't significantly changed. It was found that motivation about BSE explained 44.2% of variance. Conclusion: The findings showed that the knowledge of BSE, and attitudes and practice were change between at the time of the first survey and at three months. Therefore, the intensive education about BSE can be effective to enhance women's health belief and practice to perform BSE for early detection of breast cancer.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.159-169
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of knowledge, attitudes and needs of sex education in high school students. Methods: There were 258 participants who were high school students in S high school in G city. Data were collected from October 1 to October 31, 2011, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 19.0. Results: The mean score for sexual knowledge was 69.78, sexual attitudes was 63.66, and needs of sex education was 75.37. Sexual knowledge had positive correlation with needs of sex education (r=.17, p=.007). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated a need to develop programs for high school students to increase appropriate sexual knowledge, and to encourage appropriate sexual attitudes, and to reflect needs of sex education.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 2013

Objectives: To present the bases for health education on electronic cigarettes, we analyze the present state of electronic cigarettes. Methods: We applied descriptive study, reviewing the literature from domestic and foreign electronic databases such as National Discovery for Science Leaders and PubMed. Results: Electronic cigarette has been the subject of much controversy but very little study. I reviewed and summed up the definitions, device safety, health risk, smoking cessation effects, addiction, second hand smoke, and regulations of electronic cigarettes. Conclusion: Finally,I presented the evidence-based contents and desirable direction for health education about electronic cigarettes. The results suggested that the health educators focus on the potential addiction to electronic cigarettes, instead of the cessation effects.