• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.1933-1946
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• 2010

This paper is a comparative analysis of the $19^{th}$ century practice of indigo dyes and dyeing in Korea and England. From over hundreds species of indigo plants in the world, it was dyer's knotweed and woad that were cultivated in Korea; however, the only indigo plant grown in England was woad. Indigo dye was produced in the form of damp indigo sediment (jeon) in Korea; however, imported indigo (as a main dye) and couched woad (as an additional dye) were indigo dyes used in England. There existed three kinds of indigo vats, the ice vat, ash-water vat, and indigo sediment (jeon) vat, in Korea. The fresh leaves of indigo were used for both the ice vat and ash-water vat. The ice vat was very convenient for preparation, but had a weakness in the inability to produce a very deep shade of blue. The ash-water vat and indigo sediment (jeon) vat were in use for producing a very deep shade of blue. The indigo sediment Goon) vat was employed presumably only by professional dyers. The indigo vat practiced in England was categorized into two types; one was woad-indigo vat, and the other was an indigo powder vat prepared by using imported indigo rock. There was a tendency to adopt different kinds of indigo vats according to the material to be dyed. The woad-indigo vat was employed for the dyeing of wool. A few of chemical vats with imported indigo were adopted, especially for the dyeing of cotton. Indigo dyers in 19th century Korea were differentiated from the rest of the dyers. They managed the growing of indigo plants as well as the production of indigo sediment (jeon). Woad dyers in 19th century England handled woolen cloth as well as worsted and woolen yarn in general. However, they sometimes dyed silk skein as well. They produced several colors such as black, blue, slates, grays, by using both woad and imported indigo.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2005

Dyers woad leaf (Daqingye) is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used as anti-pyretic, anti-bacterial and anti-viral agent against infectious diseases. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2005) records that Dyers woad leaf should be derived from the leaves of Isatis indigotica Fort., but the leaves of Polygonum tinctorium Ait., Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek. and Clerodendron cyrtophyllum Turcz. have also been used as substitutes of Dyers woad leaf in different regions of China. The leaf morphologies of these four species show a close resemblance, and based on their morphological appearance, it is difficult to identify them. Here, molecular genetic methods were developed as a target to identify different members of Dyers woad leaf. The 5S-rRNA spacer domain was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from genomic DNAs isolated from I. indigotica, P. tinctorium, B. cusia and C. cyrtophyllum, and the nucleotide sequences showed a great diversity. In addition, random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis was also used to distinguish the members of Dyers woad leaf. These molecular methods could be used as a tool in authentic identification of Dyers woad leaf.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary behaviors, eating habits, and nutrient intakes of elementary students with atopic dermatitis. Dietary conditions during infancy, dietary regularity, dietary behaviors, eating habits, and daily nutrient intakes were surveyed and compared between children with (WAD) and without (WOAD) atopic dermatitis using the 24-hr recall method. The ratio of children who responded 'I eat regular meals' was significantly lower in the WAD compared to WOAD group (76.4% vs. 81.7%, p<0.05). The ratio of children who answered 'I eat processed foods or fast foods more than once a week' (p<0.01) and 'I take nutritional supplements' (p<0.001) was significantly higher in the WAD compared to WOAD group. The scores for 'I eat milk and its products everyday' (1.4 vs. 1.5, p<0.05), 'I eat dishes fried or stirred with oil more than twice a week' (2.0 vs. 2.1, p<0.05), and 'I eat snacks such as ice cream, cake, snacks, carbonated beverages more than twice a week' (1.9 vs. 2.0, p<0.05) were significantly lower in the WAD group than in the WOAD group. Daily energy intakes were 1,859.1 kcal and 1,829.5 kcal in WAD and WOAD children, respectively, with no significant difference. However, daily intakes of fat (p<0.05), phosphorus (p<0.05), and vitamin $B_2$ (p<0.05) in WAD children were significantly higher than in WOAD children. To sum up, elementary students with atopic dermatitis had irregular eating habits and higher intake frequency of processed or fast foods, milk and its products, dishes fried or stirred with oil, and snacks compared to normal children. Dietary guidance and nutritional education are required to improve irregular eating habits and induce adequate nutrient intakes in children with atopic dermatitis.

• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2010년도 제3회 국제학회
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• pp.33-34
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• 2010

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.27-42
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• 2010

It was in the fifteenth century in Italy that men began to talk of a rebirth in the arts and literature. Today we consider the period to belong to the Renaissance. We noticed the splendour of costume and the important role it played, in the life of Italian society in that period. From elsewhere in Europe and also from the East, dyestuffs came to Italy overland or in shiploads. Red and blue, notably kermes and madder on the one hand, and indigo and woad on the other were fundamental textile dyes in Italy. Saffron was used for yellows, oak galls for blacks. Renaissance Italian costumes' main color symbolized various meaning. Red symbolized high rank, affection, lady, redemption and various cardinal virtueses. Yellow was evaded color which was symbolized the lower class, betrayal, and gold. Green symbolized penniless, youthfulness, hope and love. Blue symbolized humbleness, sincerity, knowledge and the Madonna. Purple symbolized nobility, vice and various meanings. Black symbolized death, grief, beauty and elegance. These color symbols in the Renaissance Italian costumes were very similar to that of modern color symbols.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

생물제초제의 이용은 농업에서 지속성을 향한 중요한 단계로 활용 될 수 있을 것이다. 유기농업 및 종합잡초관리는 보존농업에서 합성제초제와는 다르게 한 종류의 잡초관리기술에 의존하지 않아야 하며, 생물제초제는 다른 잡초관리기술과 동시에 평가되는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 우리나라 실정에 적합한 세균 및 진균으로부터 유래한 상업용 생물제초제를 선발하여 유기농업 농가에서 영농부가가치가 높은 고소득 작물을 대상으로 생물제초제 실용화 가능성을 검토할 가치가 있을 것이다. 또한 유기영농 과수원에서 비선택적으로 잡초를 방제하기 위하여 상업용으로 시판되는 옥수수 글루텐 가루 제제와 각종 식물정유 제제 등 제품에 대한 실용화 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.57-63
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• 1999

재활용된 농업용 폐비닐과 목재부산물로부터 Wood-Polymer Composites (WPC)을 만들었으며, 또한 LLDPE 및 혼합 polyethylene으로 만들어진 WPC와 비교하였다. 접착성 향상제로 maleic anhydride를 사용하였으며, 이의 개시제로 dicumyl peroixde를 첨가하였다. 접착성 향상제로 maleic anhydride를 사용하였으며, 이의 개시제로 dicumyl peroixde를 첨가하였다. 제조된 WPC의 물성은 인장강도 시험으로 측정하였으며, 목재 및 접착성 향상제의 첨가량에 따라 분석하였다. 또한 파단면을 SEM을 이용하여 분석하였다. 목재의 양이 증가함에 따라 WPC의 신율은 감소하고, 탄성율은 증가하였다. 하지만 인장강도는 MA가 첨가된 경우에만 증가하였으며, MA 1% 첨가로 크게 증가하였지만 더 이상의 첨가는 효과가 없었다. 농업용 재활용 비닐로 제조된 WPC의 물성은 구매된 PE 수지로 제조된 WPC와 비슷한 값을 보였다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.543-549
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• 2012

대청의 이용성 향상을 위한 자료 확보 측면에서 식물체 부위 및 추출 용매별에 따른 항산화 효소 활성 및 항균효과를 조사하였다. APX(Ascorbate Peroxidase) 활성은 줄기의 에탄올 추출물, 잎의 메탄올 추출물, 잎의 증류수의 추출물 순으로 높아 각각 1601.7, 1133.7 및 524.3(Unit/mg protein)을 나타냈다. CAT(Catalase) 활성은 꽃의 에탄올 추출물, 잎의 메탄올 추출물, 꽃의 증류수 추출물 순으로 높았는데, 각각 177.1, 120.8 및 55.4(Unit/mg protein)를 나타냈다. POD(Ascorbate Peroxidase) 활성은 꽃의 에탄올 추출물, 꽃의 메탄올 추출물, 줄기의 증류수 추출물 순으로 높았으며, 각각 27.1, 14.6 및 10.4(Unit/mg protein)를 나타냈다. SOD(superoxide dismutase) 활성은 뿌리의 증류수 추출물, 꽃의 메탄올 추출물, 뿌리의 에탄올 추출물 순으로 높았으며, 각각 90.8, 80.1, 75.5%를 나타냈다. 대청의 꽃 추출물은 Vibrio parahaemolyticus에 대해서만, 뿌리는 Staphy lococcus aureus에 대해서만, 줄기 추출물은 Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphy lococcus aureus에 대해서만 용매에 관계없이 항균활성을 나타냈다. 특히 대청 잎의 증류수 추출물은 Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli에 대해 높은 항균활성을 나타내어 저해환 직경이 각각 30.0 및 24.0 mm이었다. 이와 같은 결과는 약용식물로서 대청의 가치가 높음을 시사해 주었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2004

수목을 보다 효율적으로 이용하기 위해 항산화제, 식품첨가제 및 농약 개발에 필요한 항균 및 항산화활성을 검정하였다. 즉, 65와 263종의 수목을 목부, 잎 및 수피로 나누어 에탄올로 추출한 후 항진균활성은 균사생장억제율을, 항세균활성은 생육저지환직경을 그리고 항산화활성은 프리라디칼소거능을 측정하여 검정하고 과별에 따른 활성을 비교하였다. 그 결과 항진균활성 우수수종으로는 소나무와 수종 5종(잣나무, 소나무, 리기다소나무, 개잎갈나무, 방크스소나무), 측백나무와 수종 3종(노간주나무, 향나무, 편백) 그리고 콩과 수종 3종(자귀나무, 다릅나무, 회화나무)이 각각 선발되었다. 항세균활성은 자작나무와 6종(개서어나무, 소사나무, 산오리나무, 서어나무, 박달나무, 사방오리나무), 참나무과 5종(구실잣밤나무, 졸참나무, 갈참나무, 신갈나무, 밤나무), 대극과 4종(유동, 오구나무, 예덕나무, 사람주나무) 그리고 보리수나무와 3종(보리수나무, 보리밥나무, 보리장나무)이 활성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 느릅나무와의 느티나무, 소나무과의 소나무, 콩과의 다릅나무, 측백나무와의 편백 및 향나무는 항진균 및 항세균활성이 공히 우수한 것으로 나타나 향후 생물농약 및 천연보존제 개발에 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료되었다. 항산화활성을 검정한 결과 96% 이상의 프리라디칼소거능을 나타낸 시료는 장미과에 속하는 식물이 8종(비파나무, 섬벚나무, 왕벚나무, 귀룽나무, 살구나무, 모과나무, 국수나무, 찔레꽃)으로 가장 많았으며 그 다음이 진달래과로 총 5종(진달래, 철쭉꽃, 산철쭉, 모새나무, 정금나무)이었다. 한편, 공시시료로 사용된 장미과 시료 총 48종 중에 6종만 라디칼 소거능이 80%이하인 것으로 나타나 항산화활성과 관련된 성분이 장미과 식물 공통으로 존재할 기능성이 시사되었다.