• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2009

This study introduces a novel approach for locating damage in a structure using wireless sensor system with local level computational capability to alleviate data traffic load on the centralized computation. Smart wireless sensor systems, capable of iterative damage-searching, mimic an optimization process in a decentralized way. The proposed algorithm tries to detect damage in a structure by monitoring abnormal increases in strain measurements from a group of wireless sensors. Initially, this clustering technique provides a reasonably effective sensor placement within a structure. Sensor clustering also assigns a certain number of master sensors in each cluster so that they can constantly monitor the structural health of a structure. By adopting a voting system, a group of wireless sensors iteratively forages for a damage location as they can be activated as needed. Since all of the damage searching process occurs within a small group of wireless sensors, no global control or data traffic to a central system is required. Numerical simulation demonstrates that the newly developed searching algorithm implemented on wireless sensors successfully localizes stiffness damage in a plate through the local level reconfigurable function of smart sensors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2010

In this study, a technique that uses wireless impedance sensor nodes is proposed to monitor tensile force of structural cable. To achieve this goal, the following approaches were implemented. First, a wireless impedance sensor node was designed for automated and cost-efficient prestress-loss monitoring. Second, an impedance-based algorithm was embedded in the wireless impedance sensor node for autonomous structural health monitoring of structural cables. Third, a tensile force monitoring technique that uses an interface plate for structural cables was proposed to overcome the limitations of the wireless impedance sensor node such as its narrow-band measurable frequency ranges. Finally, the applicability of the wireless impedance sensor node and the technique that uses the interface washer were evaluated in a lab-scaled prestressed concrete (PSC) girder model with internal and external tendons for which several prestress-loss scenarios were experimentally monitored with the wireless impedance sensor nodes.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.7
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• pp.1302-1308
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• 2010

In this study, Zigbee Sensor Node to transmit harmful gases CO and $CO_2$ information using wireless communication within the ground and underground structures were developed. Wireless communication protocol was used Zigbee Stack included IEEE 802. 15.4 MAC protocol. For wireless transmission of detected harmful gas signal from ADC of MCU was implemented Zigbee Sensor Node that was developed protocol using Serial-Port-Profile(SPP) here. The proposed Zigbee Sensor Node was verified transmission distance from experiments. Transmission distance was into 90m in experiments. Distance experiments were measured at 10m intervals using sine & pulse wave input signal at indoors. The proposed Route Sensor Node was applied mesh routing protocol. When built up USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network)using Route Sensor Node, transmission distance was not limited. On the experimental results, harmful gas values between direct measurements and USN measurements were consistent. The semiconductor CO sensor and N-DIR $CO_2$ sensor module as a harmful sensor was used. Therefore, the proposed Zigbee Sensor Node was verified about reliability and validity to build USN for transmission of harmful gas information.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.53-69
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• 2010

This paper proposes an ant-based routing algorithm, Ant System-Routing in wireless Senor Networks(AS-RSN), for wireless sensor networks. Using a transition rule in Ant System, sensors can spread data traffic over the whole network to achieve energy balance, and consequently, maximize the lifetime of sensor networks. The transition rule advances one of the original Ant System by re-defining link cost which is a metric devised to consider energy-sufficiency as well as energy-efficiency. This metric gives rise to the design of the AS-RSN algorithm devised to balance the data traffic of sensor networks in a decentralized manner and consequently prolong the lifetime of the networks. Therefore, AS-RSN is scalable in the number of sensors and also robust to the variations in the dynamics of event generation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by comparing three existing routing algorithms: Direct Communication Approach, Minimum Transmission Energy, and Self-Organized Routing and find that energy balance should be considered to extend lifetime of sensor network and increase robustness of sensor network for diverse event generation patterns.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.396-417
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• 2018

GR-tree and query aggregation techniques have been proposed for spatial query processing in conventional spatial query processing for wireless sensor networks. Although these spatial query processing techniques consider spatial query optimization, time query optimization is not taken into consideration. The index reorganization cost and communication cost for the parent sensor nodes increase the energy consumption that is required to ensure the most efficient operation in the wireless sensor node. This paper proposes itinerary-based R-tree (IR-tree) for more efficient spatial-temporal query processing in wireless sensor networks. This paper analyzes the performance of previous studies and IR-tree, which are the conventional spatial query processing techniques, with regard to the accuracy, energy consumption, and query processing time of the query results using the wireless sensor data with Uniform, Gauss, and Skew distributions. This paper proves the superiority of the proposed IR-tree-based space-time indexing.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.10b
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• pp.95-97
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• 2005

This paper deals with the implementation of walking for a humanoid robot by ZMP measurement using wireless sensor network. ZMP is measured by FSR sensors which are mounted at each corner of a sole. The wireless sensor network collects the sensor data according and exchanges robot information between host PC and a robot system. The master controller mounted on robot body receives trajectory data from the host PC via sensor network and drives the joint motor based on trajectory data. The time scheduler of the master controller controls the events at the ratio of 100ms. With this configuration, the walking of the humanoid robot KHR-1 could be realized successfully.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.616-625
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• 2011

Ensuring the designed prestress force is very important for the safety of prestressed concrete bridge. The loss of prestress force in tendon could significantly reduce load carrying capacity of the structure. In this study, an automated prestress-loss monitoring system for prestressed concrete girder using PZT-interface and wireless impedance sensor node is presented. The following approaches are carried out to achieve the objective. Firstly, wireless impedance sensor nodes are designed for automated impedance-based monitoring technique. The sensor node is mounted on the high-performance Imote2 sensor platform to fulfill high operating speed, low power requirement and large storage memory. Secondly, a smart PZT-interface designed for monitoring prestress force is described. A linear regression model is established to predict prestress-loss. Finally, a system of the PZT-interface interacted with the wireless sensor node is evaluated from a lab-scale tendon-anchorage connection of a prestressed concrete girder.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.12 no.3_4
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• pp.399-414
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• 2013

The smart sensor technology has opened new horizons for assessing and monitoring structural health of civil infrastructure. Smart sensor's unique features such as onboard computation, wireless communication, and cost effectiveness can enable a dense network of sensors that is essential for accurate assessment of structural health in large-scale civil structures. While most research efforts to date have been focused on realizing wireless smart sensor networks (WSSN) on bridge structures, relatively less attention is paid to applying this technology to buildings. This paper presents a decentralized damage detection using the WSSN for building structures. An existing flexibility-based damage detection method is extended to be used in the decentralized computing environment offered by the WSSN and implemented on MEMSIC's Imote2 smart sensor platform. Numerical simulation and laboratory experiment are conducted to validate the WSSN for decentralized damage detection of building structures.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.2330-2336
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• 2008

This paper deals with monitoring sensor robot control system for the application of wireless sensor network. In order to control the direction and speed of robot via remote sensing environment, low power, low weight sensors with ad-hoc networking between robots' sensors have been used. These wireless sensor network based robot monitoring system can be used for remote observation and detection of robots in the areas such as factories, power plants and other dangerous areas which are difficult for human access.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.477-496
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• 2013

Due to their cost-effectiveness and ease of installation, wireless smart sensors (WSS) have received considerable recent attention for structural health monitoring of civil infrastructure. Though various wireless smart sensor networks (WSSN) have been successfully implemented for full-scale structural health monitoring (SHM) applications, monitoring of low-level ambient strain still remains a challenging problem for WSS due to A/D converter (ADC) resolution, inherent circuit noise, and the need for automatic operation. In this paper, the design and validation of high-precision strain sensor board for the Imote2 WSS platform and its application to SHM of a cable-stayed bridge are presented. By accurate and automated balancing of the Wheatstone bridge, signal amplification of up to 2507-times can be obtained, while keeping signal mean close to the center of the ADC span, which allows utilization of the full span of the ADC. For better applicability to SHM for real-world structures, temperature compensation and shunt calibration are also implemented. Moreover, the sensor board has been designed to accommodate a friction-type magnet strain sensor, in addition to traditional foil-type strain gages, facilitating fast and easy deployment. The wireless strain sensor board performance is verified through both laboratory-scale tests and deployment on a full-scale cable-stayed bridge.