• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.365-391
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• 2013

Negative repetition effect (NRE) refers to the phenomenon that the accuracy of report is impaired when a target was flanked by the same distractor than when by alternative distractor. To probe the nature of NRE, this study introduced attention window(s) indicating the positions where a target might be presented, and non-attention window(s) where a target could not be presented. Attention windows are supposed to help participants detect targets readily. Two among three positions are indicated by attention windows in Exp. 1, and a single large attention window encompassing central two positions among four positions was used in Exp. 2, and either large or small attention window was used depending on the number of target candidates in Exp. 3. In the result of three experiments, NREs were consistently observed when both positions of a target and a distractor were indicated by previous attention windows. However, NREs (including its tendency) and its opposite, PREs were observed when a distractor was presented in the non-attention position, depending on its distance from the target and the size of attention window. It seems that this pattern of repetition effects is hard to be explained by repetition blindness hypothesis (Kanwisher, 1991), positional uncertainty hypothesis (Keren & Boer, 1985), and inhibitory attention capture hypothesis (Kwak et al., 1993). Instead it was proposed that shifting of spatial attention should be considered accordingly with the structure of stimulus display. The promising role of this task was discussed in studying the relation of attention and perception.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.211-220
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• 2012

In study to investigate losing energy of building in window, we analyze the heating loss parts in the material of structure throughout modeling of window system. Also, by making modeling in the building using simulation, we investigate the heating load variation of building in window. According to the type of windows and the material of structure, we analyze the energy variation of building and a temperature variation.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.351-357
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• 2012

To reduce the summertime cooling load of a plant factory, a concept design was performed for the double skin window which utilizes the low temperature air from a ground coupled heat exchanger. The design parameters were selected as the number of cavity air inlet, the cavity thickness, the location of cavity air inlet, and the configuration of cavity air outlet. A parametric study was conducted in a systematic way to evaluate the heat transfer characteristics of the double skin window. As the number of cavity air inlet and the cavity thickness increase, the heat flux from outside air to indoor air was decreased. The effect of the location of cavity air inlet was not significant and the larger cavity air outlet area gave us relatively better heat blocking performance from outside hot air. This study demonstrated that it is possible to develop an improved double skin window by utilizing a ground coupled heat exchanger.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2012

In this paper, a post-analysis of cooling system for infrared(IR) window was performed based on heating experiment of IR window system. We applied the same experimental conditions to analysis, and then validated the analysis technique by comparing numerical and experimental results. For an analysis software, we used a professional heat/fluid analysis program and the numerical and experimental results were in fairly good agreement. We investigated the effect of thermal transfer between the frame and IR window and also a cooling efficiency between fluid and structure in order to determine the proper parameters for the analysis. In this study, 100 % thermal transfer between the frame and IR window and 30 % cooling efficiency between fluid and structure have been proposed, which can be used in the future conceptual design and analysis of similar IR windows.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.123-127
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• 2005

0.8wt.% C과 $0.75{\sim}3.2$(0.75, 1, 1.26, 1.44, 1.89, 2.1, 2.46, 2.94, 3.22)wt.% Si을 함유한 고탄소 고실리콘 강에서 Si의 함량이 미세조직과 processing window에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 열처리는 $940^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 동안 오스테나이징을 실시한 후, $320^{\circ}C$에서 $0.2{\sim}300$분 동안 오스템퍼링을 하였다. 미세조직에서, 0.75 wt.% Si을 함유한 강에서 국부적으로 오스페라이트(ausferrite)가 존재하는 것을 확인하였다. Processing window는 경도 및 XRD 측정으로 결정하였다. $t_{1}$은 Si의 함량이 2.5 wt.% 이하에서는 거의 변화가 없다가,2.5 wt.% 이상에서는 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 반면, $t_{2}$는 Si의 함량이 증가함에 따라 연속적으로 증가하였다. 즉, 0.8 wt.% C을 함유한 강에서 processing window는 Si의 함량이 약 2.5 wt.%일 때 열렸다.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2000

This paper presents the predicted results by CFD technique of air flow and contaminant distribution in a full-scale kitchen opened to a living room, ventilated by a exhaust hood. To analyze the characteristics of the indoor environment, the concept of contaminant index was defined. In this study, the locations of the gas range and the window were chosen as the parameters to investigate the indoor environment. The values of the contaminant index for several layout of the gas range and the window were calculated and compared. When the gas range is installed along the wall with specified window location, its position in relation to the wall has unnoticed effect on contaminant infer. Once the location of the gas range is fixed, the indoor air quality may deteriorate by the proximity of the window to the gas range. This is due to the shorter distance that external fresh air must travel within the kitchen before it reaches the exhaust fan.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2009

In this study, possibility of the laser eavesdropping is investigated on the window glasses with various thicknesses, Glass windows are excited by maximum length sequency (MLS) signal and the vibration sound is detected by a laser doppler vibrometer. From the detected sound, speech intelligibility is objectively estimated. Speech transmission index (STI), which is based on the modulation transfer function (MTF). is calculated for the estimation. Finally, disturbing wave effect on the speech intelligibility is analysed by using an outside speaker and a window shaker attached on the glass window. The purpose of the study is to estimate the possibility of remote eavesdropping by the laser sensor and to evaluate the performance of the homemade window shaker to protect from the remote eavesdropping.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.295-305
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• 1994

The reflection coefficient of a material at oblique incidence is measured in a free field. The sound pressure distributions are measured at discrete points on two measurement lines and then decomposed into plane wave components by using spatial Fourier transform. The inciedent and reflected plane wave components are obtained from a set of "decomposition equations" of which uses the plane wave propagation theory. Numerical simulations and experiments have been performed to see the effect of finite size of measurement area. To reduce this effect, a window fuction has been performed to see the effects of finite size of mesurement area. To reduce this effect, a window function has been proposed and its effect on the measurement of sound absorbing material property has been studied as well. The reflection coefficient obtained by this method is compared with those obtained from other methods; 2-microphone method in a duct and an expirical equation of which determines the characteristic impedance .rho.c and propagation constant k of a material from flow resistance information.formation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.583-590
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the life cycle cost of window glass with insulation film and regular glass, to verify an economical window construction method. As an approach method, the thermal performance data of each type of glass was measured using Window 6.3 and ECO2-OD Simulation Program, applied it to the case building to calculate the air conditioning and heating maintenance costs and LCC, and compared the economic feasibility. As a result, installing an additional insulation film prevents the solar heat penetration in the summer, so it reduces the cooling cost, on the other hand, it increased heating cost in winter. From the life cycle cost perspective, the effect of cooling cost reduction does not counterbalance the increase in heating cost and the additional cost from film installation and repair; therefore, the installation of insulation film may not be a proper method.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.449-454
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• 2015

In this study, the effects of lock operations on the infiltration rates for the two window types sliding and lift sliding (LS) are investigated through experiment and simulation. The airtightness levels of the two window types-with locks both on and off-were measured according to the KS F 2292 Test method of airtightness that is used for windows and doors. The air-flow rates of both window types with the locks on for a pressure differential of 10 Pa are $1.98m^3/(m^2h)$ and $1.68m^3/(m^2h)$, respectively; with the locks off, the air-flow rates of the sliding and LS windows are $2.64m^3/(m^2h)$ and $5.83m^3/(m^2h)$, respectively, whereby the air-flow rates are 33% higher for sliding and 247% higher for LS. The air change per hour (ACH) was calculated using the ventilation-simulation software CONTAM. For the sliding window, the ACH changed from 0.45 to 0.57 when the lock was operated from on to off, representing an increase of 27%. For the LS window, the ACH changed from 0.29 to 0.81, showing an increase of 179%.