• Title/Summary/Keyword: Window Effect

Search Result 741, Processing Time 0.033 seconds

Effects of Participation in Korean Traditional Dance on the Acculturative Stress and Life Satisfaction in the Married Immigrant Women (한국전통무용프로그램이 결혼이주여성의 문화적응 스트레스 및 생활만족에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Moon-Sook;Le, Hyung-Il;Lee, Jung-Joo;Yoon, Min-Sook;Kim, Sang-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
    • /
    • v.12 no.6
    • /
    • pp.2567-2574
    • /
    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Korean traditional dance on acculturative stress and life satisfaction in the married immigrant women. The subjects of this quasi-experimental study were two folds as one experimental group and one control group. The subjects of experimental group were randomly composed of Korean traditional Dance. Contrary to this, the subjects of control group included those who neither participated in Korean traditional dance. All statistical analyses and description methods were computed by SPSS window 14.0. The discriminant analysis was used to find changes of the acculturative stress and life satisfaction, ANCOVA. The results of this study were as followings: Frist, there was founded that Korean traditional dance program group significantly decreased their acculturative stress. Second, there was founded that Korean traditional dance program group significantly improved their life satisfaction. It is concluded that Korean traditional dance program is directly and strongly cause and effect relations with the acculturative stress and life satisfaction in the married immigrant women.

Comparative on Recovery Efficiency of Spilled Oil by Disk Materials (디스크 소재별 유회수 성능 비교)

  • Jang Duck-Jong;Na Son-Cheol
    • Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
    • /
    • 2005.11a
    • /
    • pp.165-170
    • /
    • 2005
  • A basic study for the development of a disk type oil skimmer for a tank lorry, compares via experiments to the oil recovery differences by material between the existing oil skimmer disk and several discs which oil adhesion are possible. The experiment results in this study are summarized as follows: In all the disks, the mass of recovery of bunker-A oil was greater than light oil. In light oil, there was nearly no differences in the mass of oil recovery by disk material, but in the case of bunker A oil, recovery efficiency showed big differences depending on the disk materials. For light oil, the differences in the mass of oil recovery per unit of operation time from the initial time zone were hardly shown. However, the mass of recovery of bunker-A oil linearly increased from the initial operation time in all the disks and the increase shaped a slow moving trend as time went on; therefore, the mass of oil recovery per unit of operation time showed differences depending on time. This result shows that oil viscosity has an effect on the disk recovery efficiency. When comparing the mass of pure oil recovery and the mass of water recovery in the total mass of recovery by bunker-A oil, there was no difference in the mass of oil recovery between the window-aluminum material disk and the disks consisting of other materials, but the mass of water recovery of the former was relatively very small. This shows the most ideal result in view of oil recovery efficiency that considers the mass of water recovery. In conclusion, it was found that aluminum is the most advantageous as the material for tank lorry oil skimmer disk.

  • PDF

Expression of Cytokines in Radiation Injured Brain at Acute Phase

  • Lee, Jang-Bo;Kim, Min-Ho;Chung, Yong-Gu;Park, Jung-Yul
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
    • /
    • v.42 no.3
    • /
    • pp.200-204
    • /
    • 2007
  • Objective : Radiation therapy is an important treatment for brain tumor. However, serious complications such as radiation necrosis can occur and it may be secondary to the expression of acute phase genes, like cytokines. In particular, inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$) and other immunomodulatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, TGF-${\beta}1$) might be changed after irradiation (high single dose irradiation). Although it has been reported that IL-1 level is remarkably elevated within 8 week after the irradiation to the rat brain. the change of cytokines levels at acute phase (within 24 hours) has not been reported. In the present study, we examined TNF-${\alpha}$, TGF-${\beta}1$, and IL-$1{\beta}$ levels in acute phase to clarify the early effect of cytokines on the radiation-induced brain damage. Methods : Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were used and these were divided into irradiation group and control group. After a burr-hole trephination on the right parietal area using a drill, a single 10Gy was irradiated at the trephined site. Their forebrains were extirpated at 30 min, 2 hr, 8 hr, 12 hr and 24 hr, respectively and examined for the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$, TGF-${\beta}1$, and IL-$1{\beta}$. Results : The expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and TGF-${\beta}1$ were decreased until 12 hr after irradiation but elevated thereafter. The expression of IL-1 was peak at 8 hr and then decreased until 12 hr but elevated after this time window. The present study indicated that expression of cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, TGF-${\beta}1$ and IL-$1{\beta}$) were increased at 24 hr after the irradiation to the rat brain. IL-$1{\beta}$ level, on the other hand. reached peak at 8 hr after radiation injury. Conclusion : These findings indicate that IL-1, among various cytokines, may have a more important role in the inflammatory reaction by radiation injury at acute phase and provide some clues for better understanding of the pathogenesis of radiation injury.

Study on Development of Patient Effective Dose Calculation Program of Nuclear Medicine Examination (핵의학검사의 환자 유효선량 계산 프로그램 제작에 관한 연구)

  • Seon, Jong-Ryul;Gil, Jong-Won
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
    • /
    • v.18 no.3
    • /
    • pp.657-665
    • /
    • 2017
  • The aim of this study was to develop and distribute a dedicated program that can easily calculate the effective dose of a patient undergoing nuclear medicine examinations, and assist in the study of dose of nuclear medicine examinations and information disclosure. The program produced a database of the effective dose per unit activity administered (mSv/MBq) of the radiopharmaceuticals listed in ICRP 80, 106 Report and the fourth addendum, was designed through Microsoft Visual Basic (In Excel) to take the effect of 5 different (Area, Clark, Solomon(=Fried), Webster, Young) of pediatric dose calculation methods and 7 different body surface area calculation methods. The program calculates the effective dose (mSv) when the age, radionuclide, substance, and amount injected in the human body is inputted. In pediatric cases, when the age is entered, the pediatric method is activated and the pediatric method to be applied can be selected. When the BSA (Body Surface Area) formula is selected in the pediatric calculation method, a selection window for selecting the body surface area calculation method is activated. When the adult dose is input, the infant dose and the effective dose (mSv) are calculated automatically. The patient effective dose calculation program of the nuclear medicine examinations produced in this study is meaningful as a tool for calculating the internal exposure dose of the human body that is most likely to be obtained in nuclear medicine examinations, even though it is not the actual measurement dose. In the future, to increase the utilization of the program, it will be produced as an application that can be used in mobile devices, so that the public can access it easily.

A Study on the Optimization of the SiNx:H Film for Crystalline Silicon Sloar Cells (결정질 실리콘 태양전지용 SiNx:H 박막 특성의 최적화 연구)

  • Lee, Kyung-Dong;Kim, Young-Do;Dahiwale, Shailendra S.;Boo, Hyun-Pil;Park, Sung-Eun;Tark, Sung-Ju;Kim, Dong-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
    • /
    • v.21 no.1
    • /
    • pp.29-35
    • /
    • 2012
  • The Hydrogenated silicon nitride (SiNx:H) using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is widely used in photovoltaic industry as an antireflection coating and passivation layer. In the high temperature firing process, the $SiN_x:H$ film should not change the properties for its use as high quality surface layer in crystalline silicon solar cells. Initially PECVD-$SiN_x:H$ film trends were investigated by varying the deposition parameters (temperature, electrode gap, RF power, gas flow rate etc.) to optimize the process parameter conditions. Then by varying gas ratios ($NH_3/SiH_4$), the hydrogenated silicon nitride films were analyzed for its optical, electrical, chemical and surface passivation properties. The $SiN_x:H$ films of refractive indices 1.90~2.20 were obtained. The film deposited with the gas ratio of 3.6 (Refractive index=1.98) showed the best properties in after firing process condition. The single crystalline silicon solar cells fabricated according to optimized gas ratio (R=3.6) condition on large area substrate of size $156{\times}156mm$ (Pseudo square) was found to have the conversion efficiency as high as 17.2%. Optimized hydrogenated silicon nitride surface layer and high efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells fabrication sequence has also been explained in this study.

Studies on Phosphorus-32 Labeling of the House Fly ( I ) (Phosphorus-32에 의한 집파리의 표식효과 (I))

  • Ryu J.;Chung K. H.;Kwon S. H.;Kim H. W.
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
    • /
    • v.13 no.2 s.19
    • /
    • pp.93-97
    • /
    • 1974
  • This paper describes experiments made to develop a technique for marking insects and get the informations for ecological studies as a means of tagging flies with radioactive phosphorus, and also to learn the effect on the subsequent generation of flies. Tests were conducted with house flies, Musca domestica L. emerged front the larvae that had reared in a media containing various concentrations of P-32. Radioactivity of the flies was measured with end-window type $(2mg/cm^2)$ Geiger-Muller counter and proportional counter made by Aloka. In following the daily increases in counting rates by 6-day-old larvae it was apparent the larvae in the starting media containing the higher concentrations of P-32 were showing high counting rates. It was found that about 13.2 per cent of the radioactive material remained in the empty puparia after the flies emerged. Radioactivity of the emerged flies decreased gradually and the biological halflife of phosphorus-32 was approximately 6.14 days with considerable variation. A significant amount of P-32 were detected in the abdominal and thoracic sections as compared with other parts of adult. The activity of phosphorus·32 in eggs and larvae produced by adults reared in medium containing 0.2 microcurie or more of P-32 per gram were readily detected with Geiger-Mi·lier counter. On the other hand, the radioactivity of eggs and larvae produced by the treated males crossed with untreated normal females could be only detected in the medium containing more of 2.0 microcurie with G.M. counter. There was no apparent damage to the flies at dosages as high as 0.5 microcurie per gram of medium. For field studies a concentration of 0.5 microcurie of P-32 per gram of artificial medium appears to give adequate labeling for positive identification of flies and their egg masses.

  • PDF

The effects of exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program on self-efficacy, cardiopulmonary function and metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (제 2형 당뇨병 환자에서 효능기대증진 프로그램을 적용한 운동요법이 자기효능과 심폐기능, 당대사 및 지질대사에 미치는 영향)

  • Hwang, Ae-Ran;Yoo, Ji-Soo;Lee, Hyun-Chol;Hwang, Su-Gun;Kim, Chun-Ja
    • Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
    • /
    • v.2 no.1
    • /
    • pp.64-75
    • /
    • 2000
  • This study was conducted to identify the effects of exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program that was based on Bandura's self efficacy model on self-efficacy, cardiopulmonary function and metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The study design was nonequivalent pre-test post-test control design. 34 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who received follow-up care regularly through the diabetic out-patient clinic were randomly sampled for this study. Twenty patients were assigned to the experimental group and fourteen patients were assigned to the control group. To the experimental group, exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program that is composed of individualized exercise prescription for 12 weeks was provided. In case of the control group, they were instructed to continue their usual lives. Data collection period was from March 1998 to June 2000 Data were analyzed using SPSS/WINDOW 10.0 program. The results were as follows. In experimental group, The score of self efficacy has increased from 64.20 to 66.65 after exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program and it was statistically significant(t=2.07, p=.04). The anaerobic threshold has increased from $18.20\;m{\ell}$/kg/min to $19.07\;m{\ell}$/kg/min and it was statistically significant(t=2.05, p=.04). Level of fasting blood sugar has decreased from $188.20\;mg/d{\ell}$ to $155.55\;mg/d{\ell}$ after exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program and it was statistically significant.(t=-2.69, p=.01). For the lipid metabolism, percent body fat has decreased from 27.16% to 26.57% after exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program. In conclusion, the exercise therapy applied in an efficacy expectation promoting program showed positive effect of self-efficacy, cardiopulmonary function and glucose and lipid metabolism.

  • PDF

Determinant factors of Exercise behaviors in Patients with Arthritis (관절염 환자의 운동행위 결정요인)

  • Suh, Gil-Hee;Lim, Nan-Young
    • Journal of muscle and joint health
    • /
    • v.7 no.1
    • /
    • pp.102-130
    • /
    • 2000
  • The aims of this study were to understand and to predict the determinant factors affecting the exercise behaviors and physical fitness by testing the Ponder's health promotion model, and to help the patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis perform the continuous exercise program, and to help them maximize the physical effect such as muscle strength. endurance, and fuctional status and mental effects including self efficacy and quality of life, and improve the physical and mental wellbeing, and to provide a basis for the nursing intervention strategies. We analyzed the clinical records of 208 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative arthritis who visited the outpatient clinics at H university hospital in Seoul between October 5, 1999 and October 24, 1999. Data were composed of self reported questionnaire and good of fitness score which were obtained by pedalling the ergometer of bicycle for 9 minutes. SPSS Win 8.0 and Window LISREL 8.12a were used for statistical analysis. 24 Of 54 hypothetical paths were supported in modified model, which was considered as a proper model with improved fit index. The physical fitness was directly influenced by exercise participation behavior and education level, and indirectly by physical fitness, while fatigue, physical disability, pastexercise behavior, life-style, self-efficacy, which explained 20% of physical fitness. The exercise participation were directly influenced by perceived benefits and self-efficacy, and indirectly influenced by life-style, fatigue and physical disability, and directly and indirectly by past exercise behavior, which explained 53% of exercise participation. Exercise score were directly affected by perceived health status, perceived benefits, self efficacy, and past exercise behavior, and were indirectly affected by fatigue, physical disability, and life-style, which explained 50%. Perceived health status were directly influeced by level of education, depression, sleep disorder, and physical disability, which explained 34% of perceived health status. Perceived benefit was directly influenced by fatigue, sleep disorder, physical disability, and life-style, which explained 45%. Perceived barriers was directly influenced by fatigue, sleep disorder, and lifestyle, which explained 9%. Self- efficacy was directly influenced by fatigue, physical disability, past exercise behavior, and level of education, which explained 61%. In conclusion, important variables for physical fitness were exercise participation and level of education, and variables affecting exercise participation were perceived self-efficacy, benefits, and past exercise behavior. Perceived self-efficacy of exercise was a significant predictor of exercise participation. Life-style, fatigue, and physical disability showed direct effects on perceived benefit, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy, and indirect effects on exercise behavior. Therefore, disease related factor should be minimized for physical performance and well being in nursing intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and plans to promote and continue exercise should be soaked to reduce disability. In addition, Exercise program should be planned and performed by the exact evaluation of exercise according to the ability of the patients and the contents to improve the importance of exercise and self efficacy in self control program, dedicated educational program should be involved.

  • PDF

Exploratory Study of a Revitalization Policy for High School Students' Volunteer Activities with Application of theory of Planned Behavior (고등학생의 자원봉사활동 활성화 정책을 위한 탐색적 연구 -계획된행동이론을 중심으로-)

  • Ko, Eun-Kyo
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
    • /
    • v.12 no.12
    • /
    • pp.223-236
    • /
    • 2012
  • This study's objective is to identify the factors that effect high school students' volunteer activities and suggest the political implications for the actual fulfillment of volunteer activities. We verified the relationships and effects on all factors based on the theory of planned behavior which is applied in explaining various human behavior. 220 high school student subjects for this study were randomly selected and filled out self-administered questionnaires. A total of 216 responses were used for analysis. Data analysis was done by obtaining reliability and validity after frequency analysis using SPSS 12.0 for Windows and AMOS 4.0 as well as evaluating the suitability of the study model. Regression analysis was carried out for hypothesis testing. The study results showed that firstly, all hypotheses based on the theory of planned behavior were supported re-confirming the usefulness of the theory in the field of various behavioral research for social welfare. Secondly, among all factors, perceived behavioral control showed to be the most influential in fulfilling active volunteer activities of high school students. Based on the results of our study, we proposed that research in the social welfare academia, practical endeavors in the educational field, and also political support system is necessary.

Burr Expert System을 이용하여 Exit Burr의 최소화를 고려한 최적 가공 계획 알고리즘의 개발

  • Kim Ji-Hwan;Kim Young-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
    • /
    • 2003.05a
    • /
    • pp.189-193
    • /
    • 2003
  • 금형가공에 있어서 밀링머신의 가공에서는 절삭가공의 잔유물인 버(Burr)가 생성되고, 이러한 버는 가공의 정밀도를 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라 후처리과정(Deburring)을 야기시킴으로 인해서 작업효율의 감소 및 생산성의 비효율적 낭비를 가져오게 된다. 따라서, 정밀도와 작업효율을 극대화하긴 위해서는 버의 생성원리를 파악하고, Exit Burr의 생성부분을 미리 예측하여 버의 생성을 최소화 할 수 잇는 작업 가공계획을 설계하여야 한다. (1)기존의 Burr Exit System에서는 피삭재의 단면형상인 Line과 Are처럼 단순한 형상뿐만 아니라, Line과 Are가 연결되어있는 복잡란 형상에 대해서도 버를 판별한다. 그리고, 가공 후 버가 생성되는 부분을 예측하고, 이때의 Exit Angle을 계산하여 이에 해당하는 기 실험결과 DataBase와 연동하여 생설될 버의 형상과 크기 등의 결과를 제공하여 준다. 더불어, 피삭재의 단면형상이 여러 가지 복합적인 형상으로 이루어져 있는 경우와 다양한 공구 경로까지 고려하여 실제가공과 거의 유사란 상황을 적용할 수 잇는 알고리즘으로 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 이제까지 개발된 다양한 형상에 대한 Exit Burr 판별 알고리즘을 이용하여 임의형상을 가진 피삭재의 다중가공경로 상에서 발생 가능한 버를 예측하고, 버의 길이나 가공시간 들을 정?화 하여 최적화하는데 필요란 요소를 추출해 보고자 한다. 또한, 이를 인용하여 Face Windows에서의 버의 발생을 최소화 할 수 있는 최적 절삭가공 공구경로를 제시하여, 작업 효율성을 극대화하는 알고리즘을 Windows 응용 프로그램으로 구현하고자 한다.생성하기보다는 기존에 발생된 구매 지시의 우선적 사용과 기존 구매 지시의 납기 일자를 고객 납기에 가장 잘 맞출 수 있도록 변경하는 방안을 제시한다. 이렇게 함으로써 최대한 고객 납기를 만족하도록 계획을 수립할 수 있게 된다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 계획 모델을 사용함으로써 고객 주문에 대한 대응력을 높일 수 있고, 계획의 투명성으로 인한 전체 공급망의Bullwhip effect를 감소시킬 수 있는 장점이 있다. 동시에 이것은 향후 e-Business 시스템 구축을 위한 기본 인프라 역할을 수행할 수 있게 된다. 많았고 년도에 따른 변화는 보이지 않았다. 스키손상의 발생빈도는 초기에 비하여 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 손상의 특성도 부위별, 연령별로 다양한 변화를 나타내었다.해가능성을 가진 균이 상당수 검출되므로 원료의 수송, 김치의 제조 및 유통과정에서 병원균에 대한 오염방지에 유의하여야 할 것이다. 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과에 의하면 고농도의 유기물이 함유된 음식물쓰레기는 Hybrid Anaerobic Reactor (HAR)를 이용하여 HRT 30일 정도에서 충분히 직접 혐기성처리가 가능하며, 이때 발생된 $CH_{4}$를 회수하여 이용하면 대체에너지원으로 활용 가치가 높은 것으로 판단된다./207), $99.2\%$(238/240), $98.5\%$(133/135) 및 $100\%$ (313)였다. 각각 두 개의 요골동맥과 우내흉동맥에서 부분협착이나 경쟁혈류가 관찰되었다. 결론: 동맥 도관만을 이용한 Off pump CABG를 시행하여 감염의 위험성을

  • PDF