• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• no.23
• /
• pp.50-57
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the application tendency about the elements of the western classical style which appears in Korean commercial space. The examined objects were 436 pictures of 106 commercial spaces from the different monthly magazines between Sep. 1994 to Sep. 1999. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The tendency of application according to the kind of space, it has appeared much in restaurants and cafes which are being made into high-class centering around Kangnam area. As for the single application in commercial space, Renaissance style was shown most, and the cases applied through the mixture of Renaissance style and Neo-classic style appeared most. 2. The tendency of application arroding to the composition elements of space, the wall of Renaissance style and N대-classic style appeared similarly, and the ceiling of Renaissance style, the window and door of N대-classic style, the column of Renaissance style, and the furniture of Rococo style were being applied much.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2008.04a
• /
• pp.247-250
• /
• 2008

Pressurization is a method of ensuring that protected escape routes(staircases and lobbies) are kept free of smoke for shelterers and fire fighters by raising the air pressure in these spaces above that in the main part of the building. In this study, to estimate a pressurization, the characteristics of pressure difference in a room, a lobby, an air supply shaft at several building elements are investigated with a window, the (a fire) door and a air supply damper so that information about the importance of these experimental parameters can be obtained.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.1051-1055
• /
• 2005

In this paper, the trend of the market demand for the technology of railway cars and the development direction of other country or company were studied by analysing the patent map. The effort for developing the technology is intensified from the middle of 1960s and it seems to be more strengthened especially in the parts of bogie, driving motor/power, window and door. Recently the increasing rate of the number of patent application from Germany and China is noticeable. The results of this paper can be used for making the development plans of competitive technologies and benchmarking of them.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.381-384
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop a prediction model for evaluating heavy-weight floor impact sounds in a test building. Three rooms in the test building (slab thickness In and 240mm), which consist of frame concrete structures were tested and modeled. First, the SPL distribution in the receiving room was analyzed by measuring SPL at 90 positions using a bang machine. Then, a vibration model using finite element method is proposed considering the material properties and boundary conditions. In addition, the result of transient analysis was compared with field measurements using a standard heavy-weight impact source. Through a vibro-acoustic simulation program, an acoustic model evaluating the building elements (reflected wall, nor, window and door) was proposed. Finally, validation of the prediction model was conducted by vibro-acoustic analysis with field measurements of noise radiation characteristics in receiving rooms.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2008.11b
• /
• pp.1656-1660
• /
• 2008

Internal noise level of a train running in tunnel is influenced by sound transmission coefficients of floor, side door, window and gangway as well as by the sound power levels of major noise sources. The structure of a gangway should be strong enough for the safety of passengers while it should be flexible enough for the movement of a train in curves. Due to this the sound transmission coefficients of gangways are relatively low compared to those of carbody structure. The effect of the sound transmission coefficient of the gangway is studied in this paper in regards to the existence of end doors.

• Journal of forensic and investigative science
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.5-20
• /
• 2007

During the period from 2001 to 2005, 29,892 burglaries took place in Korea with the approximate average annual number - 5,978 cases. This study was conducted to analyze the reported burglaries and the result was summarized as follows. There were 8,605 residential invasion burglaries (28.8%) as the most frequent characteristic pattern. The exit was used as the most frequent invasion route for 4,031 invasion burglaries (64.3%), and an unlocked exit door or window was used as the most frequent invasion method for 2,462 invasion burglaries (28.6%). The hours just after midnight (between 00:00 and 04:00) were the most frequent time for invasion burglary to occur. Also, 5,652 burglaries occurred on Wednesday which was twice higher than on Sunday (2,988 burglaries). It was shown that the number of persons injured during burglaries were 260 deaths and 10,610 injuries. The places of the highest occurrence were the street with 10,183 burglaries (34%) and then residential place with 7,527 burglaries (approximately 25%). One-man burglary was the highest complicity: 15,012 offenders (56.1%). The knife was used as the most frequent instrument for 6,498 burglaries (24,3%) what is rare, while no criminal tool or instrument was used for 15,631 burglaries (58.4). During the period from 2001 to 2006, 1,506 burglaries occurred in Daegu and the average annual number was 251 burglaries. Among those,515 residential invasion burglaries (34.2%) took place and the average annual number was approximately 86 cases. The hours just after midnight (between 00:00 and 04:00) were the most frequent time for invasion burglary to occur (194 cases, 37.7%), the place of the highest invasion occurrence was the residential place (259 cases, 50.3%), and the exit was used as the most frequent invasion route (87 cases, 37.7%). An unlocked exit door or window was the most frequent invasion method (65 cases, 25.1%). In addition, pretending to be a delivery man, visitor or following the victim methods were used for 26 burglaries (10%). It is apparent that personal preventive measures against crimes, as well as governmental and social measures, play an important role in preventing burglaries. In particular, based on the analyzed result that an unlocked window or exit door was most frequently used for reported burglaries, it seems that there is a lack of understanding of crime prevention while little effort has been made to prevent crimes. Although everyone knows that locking a door is one of the basic measures to prevent crimes, many people tend to pay little attention to lock a door properly so burglary takes place. This study, therefore, is intended to encourage people to pay more careful attention to crime prevention, in order to help reduce the probability of burglary. With the recent improvement in social understanding of scientific crime investigation, a wide variety of police professions, including crime analysts, crime victim police counselors and coroners, have been prepared to develop the scientific crime investigation and crime analysis. In addition, it is hoped that further this study will contribute to encourage studies on crime prevention to be carried out in the future.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 1994

Since the supply of the Southeast Asian tropical timber decreases and its price steeply increases in the international lumber market, door and window frame manufacturers in this country are eagerly searching for their substitutes. This is the first step to replace Southeast Asian tropical timber by low grade North American softwoods, whose reliable and steady supply is expected, but their appearances are not as good as the tropical timber. In this study, knot distribution on the softwood boards and their warp were examined The yield and production cost were also calculated. The average numbers of knots on a door frame were 7.2 for Douglas-fir and 3.4 for Western hemlock. Only 11% of the knots of Douglas-fir door frames are larger than 5cm in diameter, while are 35% of the knots of Western hemlock. The deformations of door frames, after 2 months air-drying, were measured with a warp table. The deformations of Western hemlock door frames were mostly less than 6mm, while those of Douglas-fir distributed in the range of 0.5 and 9.5mm. The yield of Western hemlock is higher than that of Douglas-fir. It can be concluded that the door frames made of the softwoods are compatible with those made of the tropical timber in most aspects except appearance.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
• /
• 2009.04a
• /
• pp.278-283
• /
• 2009

This study aims to figure out the old people's needs for modification of their housing to maintain an independent lifestyle despite their health status and living arrangements. The total of 438 residents take part in the questionnaire survey research through the quota sampling method grouped by age (60-64 group, 65-69 group, 70-74 group, and over 75 group), sex (male and female), and house type (apartment houses and others). The results are as follows. (1) The old people's most inspired modification needs in interior spaces are remodeling the heating controls in the living room and the bedroom, ventilation facilities and storage spaces in the kitchen, non-slip tile flooring and ventilation facilities in bathroom, an easy door-lock, non-slip tile flooring, a draft cut-off, and storage spaces in the entrance. Besides they require emergency alarm, easy door and window locks, fire and gas alarm, and furniture with easy handling. It is necessary to supply the aged with the appropriate heating controls for their sensitivity to heat, with enough storage spaces for the increased possessions, and with diverse safety systems reflected blunting of mobility and sensibility. (2) As they grow older, the aged require more remote controls and safety facilities such as emergency alarm, easy locks and furniture with distinguishable colors. Male elderly is more concerned with safety, while female elderly do with convenience due to their different time spending in the house. The elderly residents in the apartment houses require the heating controls, a draft cut-off, and storage space less than other types of houses. Thus modification of the heating controls, a draft cut-off, and storage space are regards as basic needs for the elderly residents in non-apartment houses.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.86-94
• /
• 2018

A sports center fire in Jecheon caused 29 deaths and 40 injuries. This study focused only on the structural factors of the building and equipment to investigate the causes of casualties based on the fire investigation results at the sports center. The structural factors of the building and equipment were a piloti-type parking lot, lack of a fire compartment between the piloti-type parking lot and lobby, lack of an installed sprinkler system, lack of an installed fire door in the main stairs on the $1^{st}$ floor, lack of an installed fire water tank on the rooftop, an installed pocket fire door in the main entrance on the $2^{nd}$ floor, poor fire compartments in an EPS space and a pipe pit and on each floor, a leak in the joint of a drain pipe, plywood installed in the hoistway of the freight elevator and interior wall, illegal remodeling of a closed rooftop structure, which cannot discharge smoke and heat, installed styrofoam insulation in the inside of the parking lot ceiling, an installed tempered glass window, which cannot be opened in the ladies bathroom on the $2^{nd}$ floor, and a finished dryvit exterior wall.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.207-216
• /
• 2014

The energy loss can be divided into the loss caused by heat transfer and the loss caused by air flow. Heat transfer is the loss resulting from the heat transmittance of external wall, roof, and floor, and represents one of the most vulnerable elements of existing buildings. To prevent such loss, it is necessary to increase the mean heat transmittance of entire external wall, including the window, to a level above the standard regional value and ensure the air-tightness of window. The old buildings have the structure which is prone to the loss of greater air flow due to the air infiltration through the exit/entrance door upward along the stairway by the stack effect and simultaneous suction of air from each floor, and becomes even vulnerable to the loss of heat insulation for each floor, although the external wall and windows are the most vulnerable parts. The improvement plans for each floor need to be submitted in tandem with the diagnosis of whole building, regarding the diagnosis plan and energy improvement measures based on the survey of site, rather than adhering to the misconception that the replacement of window alone will result in energy-savings.