• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.69-72
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to find out the shear capacity of URM wall and the variables that affect the shear capacity of URM wall such as the opening and the aspect ratio, considering four kinds of failure modes, sliding shear failure, toe crushing failure, and diagonal shear failure. The main varialble is the shape of opening of URM walls. First URM has one door, second has one window, third hase one door and one window, the last has two windows. The test results of URM with openings show that the specimens are governed by rocking failure mode.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.29-40
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to survey the transition of the type of openings in korean traditional archiectures. To do this, various types of openings at the backside of Daechung of 23 Hyang-Gyo Myung-Ryun-Dangs were investigated. After the classification in some groups according to their types and their periods of constuction, the tasnsition of the type of openings was analysed. Results are as follows. (1) The openings constructed form 16th to 17th century, the earliest form, is a ledged and battened panel window(or framed and ledged panel window) whose mullion is built on the frame of window. It is presumed that these types were widely used before 17th century. (2) The next type is ledged and battened panel window(door) (or framed and ledged panel window) which lacks a mullion. These types were thought to be customed after 18th century. (3) The lastest type, which is appeared from 19th to 20th century, is an characteristic backside opening(ledged and battened panel window or framed and ledged panel window) that among 3 column spacings the central one is enlarged in comparison with the right and left ones. Through this transition pattern of the openings, can be menifested that the trend of 20th century is to enlarge convenience of usage by constuctiong door and eliminating some windows.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.121-156
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 2003년~2005년 기간에 코스닥 시장에서 발생한 두 가지 자본시장 진입수단인 IPO와 우회상장을 대상으로 벤치마킹 대비 단기 및 장기 초과보유수익률을 분석하고, 차이점과 의미에 대해 논하였다. 우회상장은 M&A의 성격을 띠고 있지만 동시에 IPO의 성격도 갖고 있다. IPO는 거래소가 제시한 상장요건을 맞춰야 하는 등 제도적인 간섭을 받기 때문에 제도에 의한 자본시장 진입방법이라고 할 수 있다. 반면 우회상장은 이러한 제도의 간섭은 미미하고 당사자 간의 거래에 의하여 진입여부가 결정되기 때문에 거래에 의한 자본시장 진입방법이라고 할 수 있다. 제도가 완전시장을 저해한다는 상식에 기초한다면우회상장이 IPO보다 우수한 진입방법이라고 판단할 수 있지만, 반대로 IPO는 우회상장에 비해 정보의 비대칭성을 줄이고 부실한 기업의 시장진입을 통제할 수 있다는 면에서 장점이 있다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 정보의 효율성 면에서 IPO가 우수하다는 본문의 주장을 지지하고 있다. 먼저 IPO 기업과 우회상장 기업은 모두 초기에는 높은 초과수익률을 기록하고 장기적으로는 둘 다 저성과를 보이나 우회상장 기업의 장기성과가 더욱 하락하였다. 또한 두 표본 모두 사건 이후 3년 간의 회계적 성과가 하락하였으나 특히 우회상장 기업은 더욱 하락하였으며 모든 기간에서 손실을 기록하였다. 이는 과잉수요(fad)가 코스닥 시장의 IPO는 물론 우회상장에서도 똑같이 존재하며, 우회상장의 경우에는 과대포장(window dressing)의 가능성이 더욱 높음을 뜻한다. 결국 IPO보다는 우회상장이 상장시점에서 회사와 투자자 사이에 더욱 심한 정보의 비대칭성을 보이고 있음을 시사한다.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.29-46
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics of the bedroom environment of nursing homes for the elderly in Korea. Field case research was performed using a structured checklist and measurements, from Oct. 28th to Dec. 2nd, 2006. Collected data were analyzed for cognitive efficiency, privacy, safety, supportiveness and amenity. Based on nursing homes for the elderly nationwide (Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2006), we choose 43 facilities in which Seoul and six megalopolis areas that had answered our questionnaire in 2006. We then narrowed the list to 14 facilities, balanced them in terms of regional population. The contents of investigation consisted of eight categories: that general characteristics of the bedrooms (including number of residents per room, using a bed or floor mat, the size and shape of the chamber, space for wheelchair turning, signage), door of bedroom (including door, doorknob, door sill/level difference), windows in the bedroom(including type of window, window sill height, window treatment, window safety device/shape, view/daylight), furniture (including personal furniture and lock), finishes (material, character and color of wall, floor, ceiling), lighting (including types of lighting, night lighting, switch), bathroom in the bedroom (including signage, door size/type, doorknob shape, height of the washbowl, size of toilet bowl, handrail, finishes), and other facilities (including outlet and handrails).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.168-172
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• 2007

Objective : Hirabayashi's open-door laminoplasty is a good procedure to use to treat patients with myelopathy of the cervical spine; however, the authors have experienced problems in maintaining an open-window in cervical spines after the surgery. The authors developed a modified method of the expanded open-door laminoplasty and compared the radiological and clinical results with those of the classical method. Methods : In the modified method, wiring fixation with lateral mass screws on the contra lateral-side instead of fixing the paraspinal muscle or facet joint, as in the classical methods, was used in the open window of the cervical spine. Fifteen patients with cervical myelopathy were treated using the classical method and 12 patients were treated using the modified method. Preoperative and postoperative clinical conditions were assessed according to the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score. The radiological results were compared with the preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) findings. Results : In both methods, the clinical results revealed a significant improvement in neurological function (p<0.001). Image analysis revealed that the cervical canals were continuously expanded in patients treated using the modified methods. However, authors have observed restenosis during the follow-up periods in 4 patients treated using the original method. Progression to deformity and spinal instability were not observed in any of the patients in the radiological results. Conclusion : Although analysis with a larger population and a longer follow-up period needs to be undertaken, our modified open-door laminoplasty has shown an advantage in better maintaining an open window in comparison with the Hirabayashi's open-door laminoplasty.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.167-182
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate actual condition of the modern adaptation of interior elements (wall floor ceiling door & window) in traditional house. The examined objects were 316 pictures of residential interior spaces from the 5 different monthly magazines between Jan. 1993 to Dec. 1997 The results of this study were as follows; 1. Mostly they were either parital adaptation from the original or partially transformed adaptation rather than entire adaptation of the original 2. Of the traditional interior elements adapted in residential space only specific elements were being adapted. For example. partial adaptation from the original were oiled paper flooring(Jangpan) rice papered wall (Hanji) a ceiling finish that left the rafters and beams exposed (Yondunt-chonjang) and window or door frame which is vertical lattices accented with horizontal lattices grouped into three sections(Ttisal-mun)And partially transformed adaptation were wood flooring(Chang-maru) rice apered wall(Hanji) Yondung-chonjang wind or door frame of Wan character(Wanja-mum) 3. In regard to space the mostly adapted spaces were bedrooms rather than living or dining rooms.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze affordance of façade design by extracting analysis elements of affordance in façade design domestic five-star hotels. The subjects of this study were 88 domestic five-star hotels; we selected literature review and case study as methodology. The analysis elements included mass forms, exterior colors, window frame patterns, exterior characteristics, and door types based on the visual perception factors of façade design from the concept of affordance. The results of the study were as follows. First, the mass forms were divided into stackable, integral, and connection types, and stackable type was most frequent. Second, exterior colors were divided into achromatic, red, yellow, and opaque color parts, and the achromatic parts were most frequent. Third, the window frame patterns were divided into grid, irregular, full, horizontal, and vertical windows, and grid windows were most frequent. Fourth, the exterior characteristics were divided into formative mass, horizontal partition, design contrast, tiled roof, and facility connection, and the formative mass was most frequent. Fifth, the door types were divided into porch, piloti, and wall type, and porch was most frequent. The results of this study showed that the façade design elements such as mass forms, exterior colors, window frame patterns, exterior characteristics, and door types intentionally contained affordance.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2000

The Purpose of this study was to investigate actual condition about the modem adaptation of interior elements(floor, wall, ceiling, door & window) in traditional thatched roof house. The examined objects were interior space of 36 restaurants and cafes in Seoul and Kyung-Ki Do area. 1. Floor: Jang-pan was mostly alternated with linoleum which huts Jang-pan pattem. Wumul-maru was adapted from the original and Jang-maru was alternated with wood or linolium which has western state Jang-maru pattern. Mud was adapted from the original or alternated with slate stone or rough finish cement. 2. Wall: Rice proper was alternated with rice paper book witch has chinese character, paper for parcels or modem wall paper. Plaster-white paint or white handy coat. Mud-mud color paint or bamboo stick witch located in the mud wall orginal. Log-half cut log. Wooden board-without cross bar or irregular form. 3. Ceiling: Yondung-Chongang was mostly adapted from the original and Banja-Chonjang was alternated with rice paper book which has Chinese character or modem wall paper. 4. Door and Window: Ttisal-mun and Panjang-mun were adapted from the original. Wan and A’character door and window were simplified character itself.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.17-20
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• 2006

Korean traditional houses have been developed in sympathy with natural environment and formed comfortable indoor condition by properly using surrounding natural resources including building layout, space construction and material our traditional wooden windows adjusting ambient temperature and humidity have both the functions of window and door, although they are clearly divided in the West. While window paper is attached from the outside in China and Japan, it is attached from the inside in Korea. The opening and closing mode of windows is similar and their dimensions are shown not to he standardized but diverse in terms of the characteristic of wooden furniture and that of components placed between columns. Thus this study is to look into the performance of band-lattice door of a typical traditional one by observing changes in sound absorption characteristics according to difference in thickness and finishing method of window paper and those in sound absorption characteristics with the changed thickness of air layer in traditional windows and doors.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2021

Invisible passenger airbag door system of hard panel types must be designed with a weakened area such that the side airbag will deploy through the instrument panel as like intended manner, with no flying debris at any required operating temperature. At the same time, there must be no cracking or sharp edges in the head impact test. If the advanced airbag with the big difference between high and low deployment pressure ranges are applied to hard panel types of invisible passenger airbag (IPAB) door system, it becomes more difficult to optimize the tearseam strength for satisfying deployment and head impact performance simultaneously. It was introduced the 'Operating Window' idea from quality engineering to design the hard panel types of IPAB door system applied to the advanced airbag for optimal deployment and head impact performance. Zigzab airbag folding and 'n' type PAB mounting bracket were selected.