• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.1079-1087
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• 2013

Florfenicol(FF)을 넙치(평균체중 $700{\pm}50$ g, $23{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$)에 1일 1회 경구(20 mg/kg BW) 투여한 다음, 경시적(1시간~168시간)으로 혈청 내 FF의 잔류량을 HPLC로써 분석하였다. FF의 경구 투여에 따른 넙치 체내 약물 혈중농도 측정결과를 바탕으로 two-compartment model로 WinNonlin program을 이용하여 FF의 흡수, 배설, 반감기 등 약물동태학적 매개변수(parameter)를 조사하였다. 혈청중 농도-시간곡선하 면적(AUC)은 22.51 ${\mu}g{\cdot}h/mL$, 혈중최고농도($C_{max}$)는 0.84 ${\mu}L/mL$, 혈중최고농도에 도달하는 시간($T_{max}$)은 8.62 시간, 약물이 혈중에서 완전히 0이 되는 시점인 예상소실시간(Et)은 447 계산되었다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 넙치에 FF를 처방하여 치료 계획을 수립할 때 유용하게 활용될 것으로 여겨진다.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.513-518
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• 1998

Fluoxetine is a nontricyclic antidepressant which blocks serotonin reuptake selectively. Its N-demethyl metabolite, norfluoxetine is also selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake . This study was carried out to compare the bioavailability of Myung-in fluoxetine (20mg/cap.) with that of Prozac$^{\circde{R}}$. The bioavailability was conducted on 24 healthy volunteers who received a single dose (80mg) of each drug in the fasting state, in a randomized balanced 2-way crossover design. After closing, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 48 hours, Plasma was analyzed for fluoxetine and norfluoxetine by a sensitive and validated HPLC assay. The major pharmacokinetic parameters ($AUC_{0-48\;hr}$, Cmax, Tmax , $AUC_{inf.}$, MRT. $T_{1/2}$, Vd and Cl) were, calculated from the plasma fluoxetine concentration-time data of each volunteer. The microcomputer program, 'WinNonlin' was used for compartmental analysis. A two-compartment model with first-order input, first-order output and no lag time was chosen as the most appropriate pharmacokinetic model. The data were best described by using a weighting factor of $1/y^2$. Though the plasma fluoxetine concentrations of Myung-in fluoxetine were higher than those of Prozac$^{\circde{R}}$ at all observed time from 7.9% to 16.9% (P<0.05 at 6.7 and 10 hr), the bioavailability of Myung-in fluoxetine appeared to be bioequivalent with that of Prozac$^{\circde{R}}$. There were no statistical significant differences between the two drugs in all pharmacokinetic parameters including $AUC_{0-48\;hr}$ of norfluoxetine.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.91-95
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• 2009

옥시테트라사이클린 (OTC)을 넙치 (평균체중 600 g)에 1회 근육 주사 (12.5, 25 및 50 ㎎/㎏ body weight)한 다음, 경시적 (3시간-360시간) 인 혈장내 OTC의 잔류농도를 분석하였다. 25 및 50 ㎎/㎏ 시험구에서 투여 5시간째 각각 0.99 및 1.49 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 최대혈중농도를 나타내었으나, 12.5 ㎎/㎏ 시험구는 투여 10시간째 0.35 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 최대혈중농도를 나타내었다. 모든 시험구는 투여 360시간째 혈중에서 OTC가 검출되지 않 았다. OTC의 넙치 체내 약물 혈중농도 측정결과를 바탕으로 1- compartment model로 Win-Nonlin program을 이용하여 OTC의 흡수, 배설,반감기 등 약물동태학적 매개변수 (parameter)를 조사하였다. 12.5, 25 및 50 ㎎/㎏을 근육 주사한 경우, 혈장농도-시간곡선하 면적 (AUC)은 각각 24.9, 44.67 및 50.45 $\mu{g}$ $h/m\ell$, 약물의 반감기 ($T_{1/2}$)는 각각 0.42, 0.59 및 0.41 h, 혈중최고농도의 도달시간 ($T_{max}$)은 8.46, 6.34 및 2.66 h, 혈중 최고농도 ($C_{max}$)는 0.30, 0.63 및 1.13 $\mu{g}/m\ell$로 계산되었다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2010

Oxolinic acid를 사육수온($13{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$, $23{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$)에 따라서 조피볼락(평균체중 500 g)에 60 mg/kg의 농도로 1회 경구 투여한 다음, 경시적인 혈청내 잔류농도를 분석하였다. $23{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$의 경우 투여 후 30시간째($0.60{\mu}g/ml$)에 최대혈중농도에 도달하였다. $13{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$의 경우 투여 후 10시간째($2.22{\mu}g/ml$) 최대혈중농도에 도달하였다. OA의 조피볼락 혈중내 흡수양상과 소실정도는 사육수온에 크게 영향을 받았다. Two-compartment model로 해석하여 WinNonlin program을 이용, 약물동태학적 매개변수(parameter)를 조사하였다. $23{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$의 경우, 혈장농도－시간곡선하 면적(AUC)은 $42.16{\mu}g{\cdot}h/ml$, 혈중최고농도의 도달시간(Tmax)은 26.13 h, 혈중최고농도(Cmax)는 $0.43{\mu}g/ml$, 예상약물소실시간(Et)은 230시간으로 계산되었다. $13{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$의 경우, AUC는 $131.98{\mu}g{\cdot}h/ml$, Tmax는 8.81 h, Cmax는 $2.04{\mu}g/ml$, Et는 492시간으로 계산되었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.930-938
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• 2003

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of Hyunhosaiksan (HHS) on antithrombotic actions which include blood activation, thrombus removal, warming of circulating blood, and the control of pain on abdomen and lower and upper burning spaces. HHS significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine in a HHS dose-dependent manner when analyzed by the Sigmoid Emax model in WinNonlin. EC50 values of HHS were 1.71 ㎍/ml and 0.004 ㎍/ml for ADP and epinephrine respectively. In the vivo study, HHS inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and epinephrine, which was however statistically insignificant. HHS increased number of platelets, APTT and volume of fibrinogen significantly as compared with the control group in dextran-induced thrombus model. Furthermore, HHS stimulated levels of blood flow in vivo though its effect was not observed in vitro. These results suggest that Hyunhosaiksan (HHS) can be used for treating numerous diseases related with blood aggregation and circulation problems. Further systematic investigations on the synergic effects among drugs used in the oriental medicine as well as in the western medicine in relation to thrombosis therapy would provide an important insight into the potential therapeutic applications.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.316-321
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• 2014

The pharmacokinetics of erythromycin (EM) after oral administration was studied in the cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, using LC/MS/MS. After single- or multiple-dose administration of EM (50, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight and 50 mg/kg for 5 days) by oral route in olive flounder ($350{\pm}40g$, $22{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$), the concentration in the serum was determined at 1, 3, 6, 9, 24, 72, 120, 168, 264, 360, 504 and 720 h post-dose. The kinetic profile of absorption, distribution and elimination of EM in serum were analyzed fitting to a two-compartment model by WinNonlin program. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), maximum concentration ($C_{max}$), time for maximum concentration ($T_{max}$) following oral administration of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. and 50 mg for 5 days. EM was $165.3hr^*{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ ($C_{max}$, $34.63{\mu}g/m{\ell}$; $T_{max}$, 1.56 hr), $212.8hr^*{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ ($C_{max}$, $60.38{\mu}g/m{\ell}$; $T_{max}$, 3.99 hr), and $592.37hr^*{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ ($C_{max}$, $63.01{\mu}g/m{\ell}$; $T_{max}$, 4 hr), respectively. The results of this study related to dosage and ${\mu}{\cdot}$withdrawal times could be used for prescription of EM in field for the treatment of bacterial diseases in olive flounder.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.46-49
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• 2005

A simple HPLC method was employed for the determination of pentoxifylline in human serum. After addition of internal standard (IS, 50 uL of 3 ug/mL chloramphenicol methanol solution) into the serum sample, the drug and IS were extracted by dichloromethane. Following a 1-min vortex-mixing and a 15-min centrifugation at 3500 게m, the organic phase was transferred and evaporated to dryness under a vacuum. The residue was reconstituted with 120 ${\mu}L$ of mobile phase and 50 ${\mu}L$ was injected into C18 column with a mobile phase composed of 0.034 M phosphoric acid adjusted to pH 4 with 10 M NaOH and acetonitrile (75:25, v/v). The samples were detected using an ultraviolet detector at 273 nm. The method was simple, specific and validated with a limit of 10 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were acceptable for all quality control samples including the lower limit of quantification. The applicability of this method was evaluated by analysis of human serum after oral administration of a single 400 mg dose to 8 healthy subjects. The pharmacokinetic parameters for pentoxifylline in human subjects were calculated using WinNonlin program. As a result, $AUC_{t},\;C_{max},\;T_{max}$ and $t_{1/2}$ were $962.28{\pm}645.69\;ng{\cdot}/mL$, $132.82{\pm}42.05$ ng/mL, $2.06{\pm}2.68$ hr and $8.74{\pm}4.38$ hr, respectively. Based on the results, this validated method appears to be useful fur the pharmnacokinetic study of pentoxifylline in humans.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2005

The objective of the present investigation was to study pharmacokinetics of promethazine in Korean healthy subjects using a validated HPLC method. The HPLC analysis was performed on a Capcell Pak CN column with a mixture of acetonitrile-0.02M potassium dihydrogen phosphate (42:58, v/v, pH 6.0) and the analyte was quantified with UV detection at 251 nm. The calibration curve of the drug was linear over the range of 1-40ng/mL in human serum and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1 ng/mL. This analytical method was validated and shown to be specific, accurate, precise and reproducible. This method was applied to pharmacokinetic study of promethazine in Korean healthy volunteers following an oral administration of two 25 mg Himazin tablets (50 mg promethazine ${\cdot}$HCI) after overnight fasting. Serum samples were collected at given intervals over a 36-hour period (12 points) and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from serum concentration-time profile using WinNonlin program. The estimated $AUC_{0__\infty}$, $AUC_{0_\infty}$, $C_{max}$, $T_{max}$ and $t_{1/2}$ of promethazine obtained from Korean healthy subjects were 103.84 ${\pm}$84.30 ng${\cdot}$hr/mL, 87.94${\pm}$81.02 ng${\cdot}$hr/mL, 13.43${\pm}$10.92 ng/mL, 2.00${\pm}$1.16 hr and 5.88${\pm}$3.47 hr, respectively.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2013

Asian populations are thought to receive significant health benefits from traditional diets rich in soybeans due to high isoflavone contents. However, available epidemiologic data only weakly support this hypothesis. The present study was carried out to assess the pharmacokinetics of isoflavones in South Korean women after ingestion of soy-based foods. Twenty-six healthy female volunteers (20-30 y old) consumed three different soy products (i.e., isogen, soymilk, and fermented soybeans) with different aglycone/glucoside ratios. Plasma and urine isoflavone concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after ingestion of one of the soy products. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using the WinNonlin program. The area under the curve (AUC) for plasma daidzein levels of the soymilk group ($2,101{\pm}352ng{\cdot}h/mL$) was significantly smaller than those of the isogen ($2,628{\pm}573ng{\cdot}h/mL$) and fermented soybean ($2,593{\pm}465ng{\cdot}h/mL$) groups. The maximum plasma concentration ($C_{max}$) of daidzein for the soymilk group ($231{\pm}44$ ng/mL) was significantly higher than those of the isogen ($160{\pm}32$ ng/mL) and fermented soybean ($195{\pm}35$ ng/mL) groups. The half-lives of daidzein and genistein in the soymilk group (5.9 and 5.6 h, respectively) were significantly shorter than those in the individuals given isogen (9.6 and 8.5 h, respectively) or fermented soybean (9.5 and 8.2 h, respectively). The urinary recovery rates of daidzein and genistein were 42% and 17% for the isogen group, 46% and 23% for the fermented soybean group, and 33% and 22% for the soymilk group. In conclusion, our data indicated that soy products containing high levels of isoflavone aglycone are more effective for maintaining plasma isoflavone concentrations. Additional dose-response, durational, and interventional studies are required to evaluate the ability of soy-based foods to increase the bioavailability of isoflavones that positively affect human health.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2006

Gabapentin, 1-(aminomethyl-1-cyclohexyl)acetic acid, is anew antiepileptic drug related to ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid(GABA) currently being introduced in therapy worldwide. The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of gabapentin capsules were examined in 22 volunteers who received a single oral dose in the fasting state by randomized balanced $2{\times}2$ crossover design. After dosing, blood samples were collected for a period of 24 hours and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Time course of plasma gabapentin concentration was analyzed with non-compartmental and compartmental approaches. $WinNonlin^{(R)}$, the kinetic computer program, was used for compartmental analysis. One compartment model with first-order input, first-order output with no lag time and weighting by $1/(predieted\;y)^2$ was chosen as the most appropriate pharmacokinetic model for the volunteers. The major pharmacokinetic parameters $(AUC_{0-24hr},\;AUC_{inf},\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max})$ and other parameters $(K_a,\;K_{el},\;V_d/F\;and\;Cl/F)$ of $Gapentin^{TM}$ (test drug) and $Neurontin^{TM}$ (reference drug) were estimated by non-compartmental analysis and compartmental analysis. The 90% confidence intervals of mean difference of logarithmic transformed $AUC_{0-24hr}\;and\;C_{max}$ were $log(0.9106){\sim}log(1.l254)\;and\;log(0.8521){\sim}log(1.0505)$, respectively. It shows that the bioavailability of the test drug is equivalent with that of the reference drug. There was no statistically significant difference between the two drugs in all pharmacokinetic parameters.