• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2021

The aim of the study was to obtain the extracts of various native wild mushrooms and select the useful resources though biological activity evaluation. The anti-oxidant potential, nitrite scavenging activity, and ��-glucan content of wild mushrooms collected from Eumseong and Bonghwa in Korea were investigated. Based on the results of this study, Ganoderma lingzhi (OK1362) showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (73.2%), ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (0.134), reducing power (0.155), nitrite scavenging activity (53.6%), total polyphenol content (28.9 mg GAE/g), flavonoid content (10.0 mg QE/g), and ��-glucan content (25.2%) when compared to other wild mushrooms sampled in this study. In addition, it was confirmed that Perenniporia fraxinea (OK1360), Amanita sp. (OK1398), and Russula sp. (OK1406) had relatively high anti-oxidant and nitrite scavenging potentials. In conclusion, our results can provide fundamental data for extracting beneficial compounds from wild mushrooms.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2011

Amylases and cellulases are important enzymes that can be utilized for various biological activities. Ten different wild Nigerian mushrooms (Agaricus blazei, Agaricus sp., Corilopsis occidentalis, Coriolus versicolor, Termitomyces clypeatus, Termitomyces globulus, Pleurotus tuber-regium, Podoscypha bolleana, Pogonomyces hydnoides, and Nothopanus hygrophanus) were assayed for production of these secondary metabolites. The results revealed that most of the tested wild fungi demonstrated very good amylase and cellulase activities. With the incorporation of carboxymethyl-cellulose (a carbon source) into the culture medium, Agaricus blazei had the highest amylolytic activity of 0.60 unit/mL (at $25^{\circ}C$, pH 6.8). This was followed in order by P. tuber-regium and Agaricus sp. with 0.42 and 0.39 unit/mL, respectively ($p {\leq} 0.05$). Maltose and sucrose supplementation into the submerged liquid medium made N. hygrophanus and P. hydnoides to exhibit very low amylase activities of 0.09 and 0.11 unit/mL, respectively. Introducing peptone (an organic nitrogen source) into the basal medium enhanced the ability of C. versicolor to produce a cellulase value of 0.74 unit/mL. Other organic nitrogen sources that supported good cellulase activities were yeast extract and urea. Sodium nitrate (inorganic nitrogen source) generally inhibited cellulase production in all mushrooms. The best carbon source was carboxymethyl-cellulose, which promoted very high cellulase activity of 0.67 unit/mL in C. versicolor, which was followed in order by P. tuber-regium, T. chypeatus, and C. occidentalis ($p {\leq} 0.05$). Sucrose was the poorest carbon compound, supporting the lowest values of 0.01, 0.01, and 0.14 unit/mL in P. hydnoides, A. blazei, and Agaricus sp., respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2010

To understand fungal species in evergreen broadleaf forest, occurrence and habitate of wild mushrooms spontaneously growing at the Dongbaekdongsan of Seonheulgot in Jeju Island were investigated. Fungal samples were collected from an area of $500\;m^2$ size consisting of four designated plots from in June 2007 to December 2008. Wild mushrooms were identified 69 genera and 178 species within the sampling places. Among 178 species, twenty-eight genera and fifty species were first reported in Jeju Island. Especially, Amanita pseudogemmata was first recorded in Korea. The mushroom species were divided into six groups on the basis of fungal habitats in which 44 species were on dead tree, 29 species on fallen leaf, 99 species on soil surface, 2 species on animal feces, 2 species on insect or mushroom, and 2 species on moss.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.662-668
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• 2004

Ames test revealed most methanol extracts of 13 Korean wild mushroom species have strong antimutagenic effects against N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and benzo(a)pyrene[B(a)P]. Methanol extracts of Coriolus versicolor and Phaeolepiota aurea showed 74-94 and 83-88% antimutagenic effects against MNNG and B(a)P in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain, while 89 and 91% inhibitions were observed against B(a)P in TA98 strain, respectively. Most water extracts of wild mushrooms did not show antimutagenic activeiy on MNNG and B(a)P. Wild mushrooms extracts inhibited human colon carcinoma cells (HT29), human hepatoma cell (HepG2), and humann histiocytic lymphoma cell (U937) dose-dependently, with most methanol extracts exhibiting stronger effect than water extracts, Highest toxicity was observed against HT-29 cells in methanol extracts of Coriolus versicolor and Phaeolepiota aurea, showing 84% inhibition at 1 mg/mL, whereas C. versicolor water extract showed 53-65% inhibition against HepG2 and U937. These extracts did not show cytotoxic effects against human lymphocyte. Results revealed wild mushrooms have strong antimutagenic and in vitro cytotoxic effects.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2013

Traditional knowledge on wild mushrooms in Gyeongnam province near of Hallyeo-Haesang National Park was investigated. It was interviewed from 145 of people in age of 50th's to 90th's living in 53 villages. Total 19 mushrooms were used for food in which Ramaria botrytis was the most frequently used and followed Macrolepiota procera and Lentinula edodes. L. edodes was uniquely both medicinal and edible. Chlorophyllum neomastoidea, poisonous mushroom, was used as an insect repellent. The most various mushrooms were found in Irun, Geoje where 10 species of mushrooms were used and followed Jingyo, Hadong where 8 species were used. Among the interviewed people, the number of female was more than double compared to that of male and most of the interviewed people were 70th's and 80th's in age.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.18-21
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• 2005

Extracts of 67 wild mushrooms were tested for their fibrinolytic activities. The extract of Marasmius pulcherripes showed 112% higher increased activity as compared with a positive control, plasmin (0.75 U/ml). Helvella elastica and Psathyrella sp. showed 60% and 49% of activities to that of plasmin, respectively. Three mushrooms such as Lepista sordida, Fomitella fraxinea, and Leucoagaricus rubrotinctus showed 40% of plasmin activity. The other 60 mushroom extracts did not show any fibrinolytic activity.

• Mycobiology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.171-176
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• 2013

Mushrooms are ubiquitous in nature and have high nutritional attributes. They have demonstrated diverse biological effects and therefore have been used in treatments of various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, bacterial and viral infections, and ulcer. In particular, polysaccharides, including ${\beta}$-glucan, are considered as the major constituents responsible for the biological activity of mushrooms. Although an overwhelming number of reports have been published on the importance of polysaccharides as immunomodulating agents, not all of the healing properties found in these mushrooms could be fully accounted for. Recently, many research groups have begun investigations on biologically active small-molecular weight compounds in wild mushrooms. In this mini-review, both structural diversity and biological activities of novel bioactive substances from Korean native mushrooms are described.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.173-177
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• 2002

To investigate the fibrinolytic activities of the Korean basidiomycetes, the Extracts of 50 wild mushrooms were tested for their fibrinolytic activites. Extract from Tricholoma sejunctum showed 175% increased activity to that of plasmin 1.0 U/ml. Marasmius siccus showed 54% of activity, and Laetiporus sulphureus var. miniatus and Macrolepiota procera, 43% and 26% activities, respectively to that of plasmin. But, Cystoderma amianthinum, Lepiota sp., Coprinus sp., Lycoperdon sp. were less than 10% of plasmin activity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.104-132
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• 2014

This study was conducted to survey the diversity and distribution of mushrooms growing spontaneously on Jeju Island in the last eight years. Approximately 2,000 specimens of mushrooms were collected in Gotjawal, Hallasan Natural Park, and Oreum, the habitats where a rich diversity of mushrooms was expected, from 2006 to 2013. They were identified as 74 families, 213 genera and 511 species. Thus, including 69 families, 99 genera and 561 species from the previous study conducted in 2005, a total of 83 families, 257 genera and 740 species of wild mushrooms have been recorded. This study would support new information for fungal flora in Korea and preliminary data for further studies on mushroom diversity.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.109-116
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• 1981

Three edible species and one species utilized as drug were selected from wild mushrooms collected from mountains and fields throughout Korea during 1977 to 1979 for artificial cultivation. The media, MES for G. lucidum, MHS for P. rudis and MSES and MHS for P. adipose and Pluteus sp. were selected. The range of optimum pH was 4.0 to 5.0 in citric acid-sodium phosphate dibasic for the tested species. The range of optimum temperature for the mycelial growth of G. lucidum and P. adiposa was 25 to 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 30 to 35$^{\circ}C$ for P. rudis and Pluteus sp. For the moisture content 75 to 80% (w/w) in the substrates, the mycelial growth of most tested species was rapid. As the spawning substrates, poplar sawdust for G. lucidum and Pluteus sp., oak sawdust for P. rudis and wheat for P. adipose were selected, respectively. In this experiment, the fruit bodies of all tested species were appeared. Among them, G. lucidum for medicinal purpose and P. adiposa and Pluteus sp. for sources of new edible mushrooms seems to be possible. However, the sporophores of P. rudis were not adequate as an edible mushroom for the commercial due to the leathery flesh.