• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.206-215
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to provide basic data to enhance self-nursing ability by investigating the symptoms of autonomic neuropathy and self-management activities in patients with diabetes accompanying hypertension. Methods: Subjects were 113 type-2 diabetic patients who were diagnosed as hypertensive in two primary medical institutions and taking anti-hypertensive treatments. The existence of postural hypotension was evaluated by blood pressure and pulse rate, and the subjective symptoms of autonomic neuropathy and self-management activities were checked by structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed by chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and analysis of covariance. Results: Postural hypotension occurred in 4.4% of the subjects. Urinary frequency and dizziness during postural changes were the most frequent symptoms of autonomic neuropathy, and 57.5% of the subjects complained of symptoms in two or more domains. The group with autonomic neuropathy symptoms showed higher age, higher living stress, and fewer self-management activities in the diet and foot management domains as compared to the group without autonomic neuropathy symptoms. Conclusion: From these results, we learned that strengthening education on self-management for diet and foot management and customized interventions considering age and living stress are required through early identification of the symptoms of autonomic neuropathy in patients with diabetes accompanying hypertension.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.65-78
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• 1995

This is a quasi-experimental research to test the effect of using a nursing care scale. This study identified the effects of using a nursing care scale influencing on the nursing performance and job satisfaction. The subjects consisted of 63 staff nurses in 8 medical and surgical units of one hospital affiliated to university hospital in Seoul, and assigned to experimental and control group conveniently. The data were collected in September and December, 1992. The evaluation of the nursing performance were measured by the instrument from a nursing care scale of one univerrsity hospital and job satisfaction was measured by Stamp's Scale (1978). The data were analyzed by percentage distribution, 2-test, Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon Rank Sum W test, ANCOVA and T-test. The summarized results were as follows : 1. The nursing performance of the experimental group showed markedly increase about 13 areas of nursing care. However no significant difference in the nursing performance between the two groups was found. 2. There was a significant difference in the nursing performance between the experimental and the control group about 7 areas of nursing records(W=22.0, P<.05). 3. After using a nursing scale, there was a significant difference in the nursing performance about nursing care and nursing records between the experimental and the control group(W=25.0, P<.05). Comparing before using a nursing scale with after, there was no significant difference in the nursing performance between two groups. 4. There was no significant difference in job satisfaction between the experimental and the control group. The main reasons for there being no defference in two groups could be the small size sample and the procedure of intervention. Further comparative study is needed using more strictly controlled procedure of intervention.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.320-329
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• 2016

Objective We researched to analyze correlation between menstrual pain and Korean medical diagnosis - Sasang constitution and Pattern Identification - through clinical research of the patients of menstrual pain. Method Trial gruop who consists of women with menstrual pain is 193 people, and control group who consists of women without menstrual pain is 101 people. We producted analyzing of their Sasang Constitution and symptom with Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine(DSOM). This study used chi-square test, two sample t-test, analysis of variance, Wilcoxon's rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, correlation analysis. Results 1) In trial and control group, Soeumin was the largest and Soyangin was the least. There was'nt statistical significance between trial and control group. 2) In DSOM, deficiency of blood, stagnation of qi, blood stasis, coolness, spleen, kidney and phlegm pathogenic factors showed significant difference. Conclusion There were significant corelation between menstrual pain and Korean mdical diagnosis - Sasang constitution and Pattern Identification.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2003

농촌 지역 남성 주민들을 대상으로 혈청 GGT 활성도와 혈압 및 혈청 지질의 관련성을 검토해 보기 위하여 경상남도 내 농촌 지역인 울주군 두동면과 창녕군 장마면에 거주하는 40세 이상의 남성으로서 1997년과 2000년에 실시한 주민 건강 검진에 참여하였던 사람들 중 379명의 자료를 분석하였다. 혈청 GGT 활성도의 수준을 중앙값을 기준으로 이분하여 두군에서의 수축기및 이완기 혈압, 혈청총 콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤의 평균치를 비교하였고 중성지방은 중앙값을 비교하였으며 통계학적 유의성은 t-검정과Wilcoxon rank sum 검정을 이용하여 검토하였다. 교란변수로 작용할 가능성이 있는 연령, 신체비만지수와 커피음용에의한영향은공분산분석으로보정하였다. 수축기 혈압과 이완기 혈압은 비음주자에서 GGT 활성도 수준이 높은 경우에 더 높은 값을 보였고 통계학적 유의수준에 접근하였다(P=0.055와 P=0.074). 음주자에서도 역시GGT 활성도가 높은 경우에 더 높은 값을 보였으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 혈청 총 콜레스테롤은 비음주자에서 GGT 활성도가 높은 경우에 더 높은 값을 보였으며 통계학적 유의수준에 접근하였다(P=0.052). 음주자에서는 GGT 활성도 수준에 따라 비슷한 값을 보였다. 중성지방은 비음주자와 음주자 모두에서 GGT 활성도가 높은 경우에 더 높은 값을 보였다(P=0.035와 P=0.002). 이상의 소견으로 보아 혈청 GGT 활성도의 증가는 비음주자에서 혈청 중성지방, 총 콜레스테롤 및 혈압의 상승과 관련성이 있음을 암시한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.611-620
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a school-based obesity control program based on behavior modification and self-efficacy for obese elementary school children. The program was composed of strategies to modify diet and exercise habits and to increase self-efficacy. Method: The subjects were 57 obese children (experimental group = 28, control group = 29) whose Rohler index was 150 and over. The program was implemented once a week for 12 weeks from September 16 to December 12, 2003. The data was analyzed by Fisher's exact probability, $x^2$-test, t-test, and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. Result: The Rohler index, fat mass and lean body mass of the experimental group positively changed after the intervention more than those of the control group, but there was a significant difference in the Rohler index only (t=2.06, p=.045). In addition, obesity stress significantly decreased (z=-2.86, p=.047) and dietary self-efficacy significantly increased (t=2.35, p=.023) in the experimental group than those of the control group. Conclusion: This study supports that a school-based obesity control program based on behavior modification and self-efficacy can be effective in decreasing obesity stress and increasing dietary self-efficacy. Parents, school nurses and the other support groups should be encouraged to participate from the planning stage of the program to be effective in weight control of obese elementary school children. Also school-based program should be implemented as an essential course in the curriculum, not as an elective.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2002

Neurosensory dysfunction of the injured inferior alveolarnerve(IAN) is a common and distrssing consequence of traumatic or iatrogenic injury. Conventional neurosensory testing has been used to detect and monitor sensory impairments of the injured IAN. However, these tests had low reliability and are not qualitative at best because they are based on solely on the patient's subjective assesment of symptoms. Consequently, there is need for more reliable, sensitive, and objective test measures to document and to monitor sensory dysfunction of the trigeminal nerve. This study was to investigate DITI's (digital infrared thermographic imaging) potential as a diagnostic alternative for evaluating of the nerve injures and sensory disturbance. Subjects were 30 patients who had been referred to Ewha Medical Center due to sensory disturbance of the lower lip and chin followed after unobserved inferior alveolar nerve injuries. The patients were examined by clinical neurosensory tests as SLTD (static light touch discrimination), MDD (moving direction discrimination), PPN (pin prick nociception) and DITI (digital infrared thermographic imaging). The correlation between clinical sensory dysfunction scores(Sum of SLTD, MDD, PPN, NP, Tinel sign) and DITI were tested by Spearman nonparametric rank correlation anaylsis & Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon 2-sample test. This study resulted in as follows; (1) The difference of thermal difference between normal side and affected side was as ${\Delta}-3.2{\pm}0.13$. (2) The DITI differences of the subjects presenting dysesthesia of the lip and chin were correlated significantly with the neurosensory dysfunction scores(r=0.419, p=0.021)and SLTD (r=0.429, p<0.05). (3) The MDD, PPN, NP, Tinel sign, duration, gender were not correlated with DITI(p> 0.05). Therefore, the DITI(digital infrared thermographic imaging) can be an option of the useful objective diagnostic methods to evaluate the injured inferior alveolar nerve and sensory dysfunction of trigerminal nerve.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2008

Purpose: We measured the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (OLBPDI) and related factors in patients with low back pain. Methods: The sample consisted of 50 patients who received physical therapy at the physical therapy units of the Andong Seoul Sintong Clinic, St. Luke Clinic, and Yeongju Seoul Sintong Clinic in Andong and Yeongju city from October, 2007, to February, 2008. The OLBPDI questionnaire was administered by 5 physical therapists as a cross-sectional study. Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA/Tukey and Scheffe) were used to analyze OLBPDI score differences. We also used nonparametric statistic analysis (Wilcoxon rank sum test, Median test). Pearson correlation analysis (Spearman correlation analysis) was used to analyze the relationship between OLBPDI and the visual analogue scale (VAS). Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of independent variables on pain scores as defined by the OLBPDI. Results: The average patient age was 37.1 years (range: 18$\sim$78 years old), and time from onset was 21.7 months (1$\sim$180). OLBPD and VAS scores were 12.70 (3.0$\sim$28.0) and 5.14 (1$\sim$8), respectively. OLBPDI scores were 14.4 in patients taking medicine and 11.57 in those who did not. There was a statistically significant relationship between OLBPDI and VAS (r=0.54, p=0.0001; r=0.55, p=0.0001 by Spearman coefficient). Gender ($\beta$=6.14, p=0.0124), age ($\beta$=-2.01, p=0.0324), weight ($\beta$=0.31, p=0.0222), time from onset ($\beta$=1.54, p=0.0044), and VAS score ($\beta$=1.59, p=0.0004) were significantly associated with OLBPD by multiple regression analysis. Conclusion: Variables associated with OLBPD were gender, age, weight, time from onset, and VAS score. Collecting information on the pain index using OLBPDI was acceptable to patients with low back pain. Further research should explore the pain index by using larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.301-315
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• 2000

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a Rhythmical Exercise Program(REP) on physiological functions such as muscle strength, blood pressure, pulse, flexibility and body fat in the elderly. The research employed a non-equivalent control group pre-post test quasi experimental design. REP consisted of 45 minutes of dance, 3 times a week for 10 weeks. The formulated hypothesis were examined using the non-parametric statistics; Wilcoxon Signed rank sum test and Mann-Whitney test. The results are as follows; 1. The upper muscle strength and lower muscle strength of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group following the REP(P<.0 5). And the Period of REP affected the muscle strength; the longer the exercise period, the stronger the muscle strength became. 2. The systolic blood pressure of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group following the REP(p<.05). But there was no significant difference in the diastolic blood pressure between the experimental and control groups. The period of REP affected only systolic pressure; the longer the exercise period, the lower the systolic pressure became. 3. There was no significant difference in heart rate between the experimental and control groups, following the exercise period. 4. The flexibility of the experimental group was significantly higher than those of the control group following the REP(p<.01). And the period of REP affected flexibility; the longer the exercise period, the higher the flexibility(p<.05) became. 5. There was no significant difference of body fat between the experimental and control groups. The body fat of the experimental groups was significantly lower only 10 weeks after exercise(p<.01). Based on these results, it is suggested that rhythmical exercise program improves muscle strength, systolic pressure, and flexibility in the elderly.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.888-895
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• 2005

Purpose: This cross-sectional study was designed to identify anger-expression types in late school-age children and investigate the relation between the identified anger-expression types and their health status. Method: One thousand twenty seven children in elementary school fifth and sixth grades were recruited from November to December, 2004. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, 2-test, ANOV A, Duncan's multiple comparison test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: Three anger-expression types in late school-age children were found; Anger-out/in, Anger-control, and Low anger-expression types. Children frequently using the anger-out/in type among the three types and with a higher state anger reported higher psychosomatic symptoms and depression. Children from a divorced or separated family reported higher state anger. Conclusion: This study suggests that a specific anger management program needs to be developed for late school-age children with high state anger and frequently using the anger out/in expression type. For understanding the anger level and the anger expression types of Korean school-age children, further research needs to be done with large samples using a randomized sampling method.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the risk factors among patients with depression with Crohn's disease. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaire from 276 patients who were diagnosed with Crohn's disease at a tertiary hospital located in Seoul. Measurements included patients' demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, depression level, and health-related quality of life. Data were analyzed using t-test, $X^2$-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and logistic regression analyses. Results: The incidence rate of depression (BDI-II${\geq}$14scores) was 31.9% (n=88). Univariate analysis revealed that being a woman, school graduation status, economic status (low), BMI(<$18.5Kg/m^2$), disease duration (${\geq}3$ years), CDAI (${\geq}150$ scores), frequency of hospital admission (${\geq}2$), extra-intestinal manifestation (arthralgia, stomatitis), administration of 5-aminosalicylic acid, and disease related quality of life (SIBDQ<50 scores) were associated with depression. Multivariate analysis revealed that economic status (low), school graduation status, and quality of life (SIBDQ<50 scores) were more likely to report high level of depression. Conclusion: Future research should consider managing depression as an essential component of comprehensive care for patients with Crohn's disease. In addition, further research is needed to develop strategies to better improve quality of life among patients with Crohn's disease who are depressed.