• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.43-50
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• 2013

This study is to clarify the characteristics and its change of spatial elements for community focused on the existing 22 old settlements in urban area of Cheongju. These community spaces are mainly divided into three parts, that is central space, inner road, and blind alley(cul-de-sac). The transitional characteristics of them are as follows. Firstly, the characteristics of central spaces is lasting, but the function is influenced by changing times. The function of central spaces located at the entrance to the village had been reduced to adjustments to modern lifestyle, and currently changed into senior citizen community center, supermarket, and public area. Secondly, as the width of the existing inner roads passed through old settlements had been extended, they are changed into pedestrian and traffic road, but the shape and function of them have been maintained. When new roads passed through old settlements had been established, the shape of old inner roads is disappeared, and the function of them is changed into byway and alley. Thirdly, cul-de-sacs of old settlements have tended to create a sense of community, but new cul-de-sacs formed by lot division have been only changed to passage. When new roads are established and cul-de-sacs are changed into alleys, the community between individual households is lost.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.204-210
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• 2002

The self-organizing feature map of Kohonen has disadvantage that needs too much input patterns in order to converge into the equilibrium state when it trains. In this paper we proposed the method of improving the convergence speed and rate of self-organizing feature map converting the interaction set into Dynamic Gaussian function. The proposed method Provides us with dynamic Properties that the deviation and width of Gaussian function used as an interaction function are narrowed in proportion to learning times and learning rates that varies according to topological position from the winner neuron. In this Paper. we proposed the method of improving the convergence rate and the degree of self-organizing feature map.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2005

A new model of plasma etch process was constructed by using a radial basis function network (RBFN). This technique was applied to an etching of silicon carbide films in a NF$_3$ inductively coupled plasma. Experimental data to train RBFN were systematically collected by means of a 2$^4$ full factorial experiment. Appropriateness of prediction models was tested with test data consisted of 16 experiments not pertaining to the training data. Prediction performance was optimized with variations in three training factors, the number of pattern units, width of radial basis function, and initial weight distribution between the pattern and output layers. The etch responses to model were an etch rate and a surface roughness measured by atomic force microscopy. Optimized models had the root mean-squared errors of 26.1 nm/min and 0.103 nm for the etch rate and surface roughness, respectively. Compared to statistical regression models, RBFN models demonstrated an improvement of more than 20 % and 50 % for the etch rate and surface roughness, respectively. It is therefore expected that RBFN can be effectively used to construct prediction models of plasma processes.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.245-256
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• 1995

Rugate filters of inhomogeneous refractive index were designed using the Fourier transform and the effect of reflectance, stop bandwidth, optical thickness, and Q function on the rugate filter was investigated. An iterative correction process using a merit function was employed to fit an initial design to the target spectrum. Three Q functions derived by Sossi, Bovard, and Fabricius, respectively, were compared in terms of the number of iteration, merit function, and optimum optical thickness. The result shows that after a number of iterations the Q functions by Bovard and Fabricius produce high rejection rugate filters closer to the target spectrum than the Sossi's Q function and the optimal optical thickness is determined by the stop-band width of the rugate filter. ilter.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.416-429
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• 2018

In social constructivist teaching, knowledge construction is achieved through learners' collective social interaction. Vygotsky argued that this process is mediated with language use, and the development of higher order thinking is realized through the transition from inter-personal psychological functions to intra-personal psychological functions. In so doing scientific concepts are internalized to learners. This study examined the third grade elementary students' inter/intra-personal psychological functions and their internalization processes during social constructivist teaching plan about strata and fossils. The lessons were designed along with Wells' dialogic inquiry and Leach and Scott's social constructivist teaching-learning sequences. Results showed that a teacher's utterances of talking with questioning to switch attention, creating cognitive disequilibrium, and expanding the width of students' opinions could make effective inter-personal psychological function. In addition, a learner's inner speech expressed into social discourse through talking about personal experiences, comparing epistemic idea with visual representation, or applying to different situation showed his/her intra-personal psychological function. Some cases of learners' internalization through language use could be at the stage of knowledge building and understanding of the spiral of knowing, but not all. Thus it is argued that a teacher's deeper insight into Vygotskian social constructivist teaching can make elementary science classroom teaching more effective in their inter/intra-psychological functions.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07d
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• pp.1956-1958
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• 1999

The analysis of hole injection efficiency at the p+/n-drift layer junction in non-punchthrough IGBT structure is presented. This analysis takes into account carrier concentration variations by conductivity modulation. Good agreement between this analysis and simulation is found over a wide range of carrier lifetime and current density. The proposed analytical model of the hole injection efficiency as a function of collector width, collector concentration has been verified by device simulator, ATLAS.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.655-660
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• 2002

Major deterioration in concrete structures are salt attack and carbonation. Especially severe problems due to carbonation occur in tile concrete structures of city, tunnel, underground structures. Cracks in concrete during service life including early age due to hydration heat and/or shrinkage accelerate the diffusion of concrete so that the deterioration is also accelerated. In this study, carbonation depths of both non-cracked concrete and cracked concrete are evaluated and weight change test and TGA are carried out. Through the tests, a relation between water-cement ratio and carbonation depth is derived and also carbonation increase rate is derived in the function of crack width.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.32-35
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 폰트를 식별할 수 있는 모듈을 제공하고 각 폰트마다 가지고있는 감성정보를 추출한다. 각 폰트의 특징 추출을 위해 세그먼트 폭 밀도함수를 사용한다. 각 폰트가 가지는 고유한 밀도함수로부터 폰트를 식별할 수 있다. 두 번째 모듈로서 각 폰트가 수반하는 감성정보를 추출한다. 각 폰트가 갖는 감성정보는 사용자기반의 감성데이타를 수집하고 이를 퍼지 멤버쉽을 이용하여 정의한다. 즉, 폰트정보만을 분석함으로서도 문서, E메일, 웹 문서 등에서 폰트가 수반하는 감성정보를 추출할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.241-245
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• 1998

The traditional approach is to characterize the behavior and performance of fluid film hydrodynamic journal bearings by means of linearized bearing analysis. The objective of this paper is to examine the nonlinear characteristics of the journal bearing when an external sinusoidal shock is given to the system. The oil film force is obtained by solving the finite width Reynolds equation at each time step by the solution of the column method. Frequency response functions obtained from both linear and nonlinear bearing simulations are compared with each other.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.292-299
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• 1998

Case hardening behavior of tool steel(SK5) was investigated after YAG laser irradiation. In the case of beam passes, martensite formed in the melt zone and in former pearlite regions of the austenization zone exhibited very high Vickers Hardness values. The molten depth and radius, micro structure, hardness were investigated as a function of defocusing distance, pulse width, and power density.