• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.211-222
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of preparedness towards delegation, critical thinking disposition, and communicative competence on job satisfaction among comprehensive nursing care service ward nurses and general ward nurses. Methods: The participants in this study were 218 nurses from two university hospitals. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and were analyzed using SPSS Statistics/WIN 21.0, including descriptive statistics, x² test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffeé test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: For comprehensive nursing care service ward nurses, the significant influencing factors on job satisfaction were age (β=-.37, p=.041), marital status (β=.35, p=.001), critical thinking disposition (β=.29, p=.003), and communicative competence (β=.28, p=.002) with the explanatory power was 39.0% (F=12.00, p<.001). On the other hand, for general ward nurses, the significant influencing factors on job satisfaction were advanced degree (β=.29, p=.047), critical thinking disposition (β=.23, p=.040), and communicative competence (β=.42, p<.001) with the explanatory power was 33.0% (F=11.78, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the importance of developing and applying education programs to improve critical thinking disposition and communicative competence of nurses. This would enhance the comprehensive nursing service and increase overall nursing manpower resources. In addition, further studies are needed to improve nursing work environments and to develop strategies for enhancing preparedness towards delegation, which would increase the job satisfaction of nurses in the comprehensive nursing care service wards.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.682-691
• /
• 2023

Cell transformation induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is a critical event in cancer initiation and progression, and understanding the underlying mechanisms is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Licorice extract contains various bioactive compounds, which have been reported to have anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the cancer preventive efficacy of licochalcone D (LicoD), a chalcone derivative in licorice extract, in EGF and TPA-induced transformed skin keratinocyte cells. LicoD effectively suppressed EGF-induced cell proliferation and anchorage-independent colony growth. EGF and TPA promoted the S phase of cell cycle, while LicoD treatment caused G1 phase arrest and down-regulated cyclin D1 and up-regulated p21 expression associated with the G1 phase. LicoD also induced apoptosis and increased apoptosis-related proteins such as cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-7, and Bax (Bcl2-associated X protein). We further investigated the effect of LicoD on the AKT signaling pathway involved in various cellular processes and found decreased p-AKT, p-GSK3β, and p-NFκB expression. Treatment with MK-2206, an AKT pharmacological inhibitor, suppressed EGF-induced cell proliferation and transformed colony growth. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential of LicoD as a preventive agent for skin carcinogenesis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.395-401
• /
• 2018

Recently, most of mobile devices are equipped with GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). When the GNSS signal is available, it is easy to obtain position information. However, GNSS is not suitable solution for indoor localization, since the signals are normally not reachable inside buildings. A wide varieties of technology have been developed as a solution for indoor localization such as Wi-Fi, beacons, and inertial sensor. With the increased sensor combinations in mobile devices, mobile devices also became feasible to provide a solution, which based on PDR (Pedestrian Dead Reckoning) method. In this study, we utilized the combination of three sensors equipped in mobile devices including accelerometer, digital compass, and gyroscope and applied three representative PDR methods. The proposed methods are done in three stages; step detection, step length estimation, and heading determination and the final indoor localization result was evaluated with terrestrial LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data obtained in the same test site. By using terrestrial LiDAR data as reference ground truth for PDR in two differently designed experiments, the inaccuracy of PDR methods that could not be found by existing evaluation method could be revealed. The firstexperiment included extreme direction change and combined with similar pace size. Second experiment included smooth direction change and irregular step length. In using existing evaluation method which only checks traveled distance, The results of two experiments showed the mean percentage error of traveled distance estimation resulted from three different algorithms ranging from 0.028 % to 2.825% in the first experiment and 0.035% to 2.282% in second experiment, which makes it to be seen accurately estimated. However, by using the evaluation method utilizing terrestrial LiDAR data, the performance of PDR methods emerged to be inaccurate. In the firstexperiment, the RMSEs (Root Mean Square Errors) of x direction and y direction were 0.48 m and 0.41 m with combination of the best available algorithm. However, the RMSEs of x direction and y direction were 1.29 m and 3.13 m in the second experiment. The new evaluation result reveals that the PDR methods were not effective enough to find out exact pedestrian position information opposed to the result from existing evaluation method.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2007

Cellular operators develop high speed mobile internet and multi-function cellular phones to activate new business model based on mobile internet services. Domestic cellular operators evolve their mobile networks from cdma2000-1x and EvDo to HSDPA to activate high speed mobile internet services. They also develop mobile internet platforms such as WIPI, BREW, and J2ME on multi-function cellular phones having multimedia solutions such as camera, MP3, MPEG, 3D game engine, DMB, PAN such as bluetooth, IrDA, W-LAN, and location information using GPS. But, content providers have problems of redevelopment of the same mobile internet application on different mobile internet platforms provided by cellular operators. In this paper, we develop conversion solutions for interoperability of mobile internet applications on WIPI and BREW using an one-pass compiler. We confirm the performance the proposed conversion solutions for the API conversion rate, the converted file size, and the full conversion time using the popular mobile games which are the killer applications on WiPI and BREW.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.11 no.8
• /
• pp.647-654
• /
• 2001

Effects of final annealing temperature on the precipitate and oxidation were investigated for the Zr-lNb and Zr-lNb-lSn-0.3Fe alloys. The microstructure and oxidation of both alloys were evaluated for the optimization of final annealing process of these alloys in the annealing temperature regime of 450 to $800^{\circ}C$. The corrosion test was performed under steam at $400^{\circ}C$ for 270 days in a static autoclave. The oxide formed was identified by low angle X-ray diffraction method. The $\beta$-Zr was observed at annealing temperature above $600^{\circ}C$. Above $600^{\circ}C$, the precipitate area volume fraction of Zr-lNb and Zr-1Nb-lSn-0.3Fe alloys appeared to be increased with increasing the final annealing temperature. The corrosion resistance of Zr-lNb was higher than that of Zr- lNb-lSn-0.3Fe alloy. The corrosion rate of both alloys were accelerated due to the formation and growth of $\beta$-Zr with increasing the annealing temperature.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 1995

Bone mass accretion during puberty appears to be critical in the development of peak bone mass. Although bone density of females in Korea has been studied, only a few studies have related bone mass with anthropometric patterns or puberty in the pubescent girls. This study was conducted as part of a study of major determinants of bone development during puberty. Subjects were aged 14∼16 yr(mean 14.97), and had no history of disorders or dedication use likely to influence bone or calcium metabolism. Bone mineral density and content were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry using a Lunar DPX+Scanner (Lunar Madison, WI). Also, total body fat, and total lean body mass were assessed using a Lunar DPX dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer, Pubertal status was assessed according to the Marshall and Tanner guidelines. Serum levels of osteocalcin was measured by RIA using a commercial kit assay. Skinfold measurements were taken with a skinfold caliper(Lange Caliper, USA). Data were analyzed using the regression and GLM procedure of the statistical package SAS. The results indicated that the observed means for lumbar spine BMD and femoral BMD correspond to approximately 91% and 96% of the means for young adult females, respec tively. All subjects were menarchal, with the majority being in the middle to end stages of pubertal development. Total body BMD was positively related to fat mass(P<0.001), lean body mass and time since menarche, and negatively related to urine pyridinoline, serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. The data indicate that girls who reported lower age for menarche had significantly higher bone densities than girls who reported higher age for menarche. Attaining peak skeletal bone mass during puberty may reduce the incidence of osteoporosis in later life. this finding suggests that early menarche may augment peak bone mass, influencing the extent of bone loss later in adulthood. The results suggest that good nutrition in childhood appears to be needed not for growth and development, but possibly also to assure an optimal peak of bone mass and thus greater latitude for the maintenance or skeletal integrity in the face of bone losses. Troeps skinfold thickness was a better predictor of total BMD and total BMC than was any other skinfold thickness. The study did not find a relationship between total BMD and body fat %, but total fat was significantly positively related to total BMD(r=0.49) and total BMC(r=0.60). It supports earlier report that there was a significant correlation between TBMD and body weight. Conclusively, total fat, lean body mass and pubertal development could influence BMD in pubescent girls. Clearly, longitudinal studies are required to assess the effect of puberty on peak bone mass, and to define further the potential determinants of peak bone mass.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.189-197
• /
• 2012

A survey was conducted to investigate infection of anisakid nematode larvae in 243 wild marine fishes caught from the southern coastal area of Korea between 2010 and 2012. The samples comprised fishes from 9 orders, 30 families and 50 species. Total infection rate of anisakid nematode larvae was 10.7% (26/243 fish), which comprised from Yeosu, 7.4% (7/95) in 2010 and 22.7% (5/22) in 2011; from Jeju, 8.2% (5/61) in 2011; from Wando, 40.9% (9/22) in 2012. Anisakid nematode larvae were not detected in Tongyoung and Wando samples in 2011. Molecular identification of the 89 worms from 26 fish was conducted by PCR-RFLP and/or sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA. From the results, 6 kinds of anisakis species were identified: Anisakis pegreffii (infection rate: 53.9%, 48/89 worms), Hysterothylacium aduncum (38.2%, 34/89), H. fabri (3.4%, 3/89), hybird (A. simplex X A. pegreffii) (2.4%, 2/89), A. simplex (1.1%, 1/89) and Raphidascaris lophii (1.1%, 1/89). The rate of single infection was 80.8% (21/26 infected fish), while 19.2% (5/26) showed mixed infection with 2 to 3 different anisakis species.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.109-119
• /
• 2018

Point of interest (POI) of the city is a special place that has what importance to the user. For example, it is such landmark, restaurants, museums, hotels, and theaters. Because of its role in the social and economic life of us, these have attracted a lot of interest in location-based applications such as social networks and online map. However, while it can easily be obtained through the Web, the basic information of POI such as geographic location, another effort is required to obtain detailed information such as Wi-Fi, accepting credit cards, opening hours, romper room and the assessment and evaluation of other users. To solve these problems, a new method for correcting position error is required to link location-based social network service (LBSNS) data and POIs. This paper attempts to propose a position error correction method of POI and LBSNS data to enrich POI information from the vast information that is accumulated in LBSNS. Through this study, we can overcome the limitation of individual POI information via the information fusion method of LBSNS and POI, and we have discovered the possibility to be able to provide additional information which users need. As a result, we expect to be able to collect a variety of POI information quickly.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.404-411
• /
• 2023

For the direct reforming of biogas, a three-phase gliding arc plasma reformer was designed to expand the plasma discharge region, and the operation conditions of the plasma reformer, such as the S/C ratio, the gas flow rate, and the plasma input power, were optimized. The H₂ production efficiency is increased at a lower specific plasma input energy density, but byproducts such as C_XH_Y and carbon soot are generated along with the increase in H₂ production efficiency. The formation of byproducts is decreased at higher specific plasma input energy densities and S/C ratios. The optimized operation conditions are 5.5 ~ 6.0 kJ/L for the specific plasma input energy density and 3 for the S/C ratio, considering the conversion efficiency, H₂ production, and byproduct formation. It is expected that the H₂ production efficiency will improve with the decrease in fuel consumption in biogas burners because the heat generated from plasma discharge heats up the feed gas to over 500 ℃.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.205-211
• /
• 2024

Currently, with the development of technologies, X-ray examinations for medical examinations at hospital is increasing. This study was conducted to help reduce radiation exposure by measuring the exposure dose received by pediatric patients and the spatial dose of the X-ray room. Dosimeters were installed in the eyeball, thyroid gland, breast, gonads and 4 directions at a distance of 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm from the phantom. The dose was measured ten times each, before, and after the application of the bismuth shield under the examination conditions of the head, chest, and abdomen of pediatric patients. Under the condition of head examination, when a shielding was applied, the dose reduction rate was 68.58% for the eyeball, 72.88% for the thyroid, 84.2% for the breast, and 72.36% for the gonad. The chest examination showed reductions of 19.56% eyeball, 56.98% thyroid, 1.21% breast, and 0.68% gonad. The abdominal examination showed reduction rates of 2.6% eyeball, 10.67% thyroid, 19.85% breast, and 82.02% gonad. Spatial dose decreased by 62.25% at 30 cm, 61.16% at 40 cm, and 68.68% at 50 cm. When the bismuth shield was applied, there was a decrease in dose across all examinations, as well as a reduction in spatial dose. Continued research on the use of bismuth shields will help radiological technologists achieve their goal of dose reduction.