• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2009

In this study, the antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase, and component analysis of fermented Melissa officinalis extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of fermented extract ($8.38{\mu}g/mL$) showed the most prominent the free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of extract/fractions of M. officinalis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of some M. officinalis extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_{2}O_{2}$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate fraction of fermented extract ($0.63{\mu}g/mL$) showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of M. officinalis on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The M. officinalis extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner ($5\;{\sim}\;75{\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effect of M. officinalis extracts on tyrosinase was investigated to assess their whitening efficacy. Inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) on tyrosinase of some M. officinalis extracts was 50 % ethanol extract ($365{\mu}g/mL$) < ethyl acetate fraction of fermented extract ($122.43{\mu}g/mL$) < ethylacetate fraction ($94.8{\mu}g/mL$). Fractions of ethyl acetate both from ordinary and fermented M. officinalis extracts showed 2 band in TLC and 2 peak in HPLC (330 nm). In HPLC chromatogram of ethyl acetate fraction, peak 1 (51.64 %) and peak 2 (48.36 %) were identified as caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid in the order of elution time. Also, in HPLC chromatogram of ethyl acetate fraction of fermented extract, peak 1 (4.13 %) and peak 2 (95.87 %) were identified as caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid in the order of elution time. These results indicate that the component and content of ordinary and fermented extracts of M. officinalis are different. And the extract of M. officinalis can be used as an antioxidant.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.295-302
• /
• 2013

In this study, the antioxidative effects and inhibitory activities of unripened fruit extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel (R. coreanus Miquel) on tyrosinase were investigated and the potential applicability as a cosmeceutical ingredients was evaluated. All experiments were performed with 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction of unripened fruit extract of R. coreanus Miquel. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activites ($FSC_{50}$) of 50% ethanol extract (6.56 ${\mu}g/mL$) and ethyl acetate fraction (6.14 ${\mu}g/mL$) of unripened fruit extract of R. coreanus Miquel were higher than (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol (8.98 ${\mu}g/mL$), which is known as a typical hydrophobic antioxidant. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of 50% ethanol extract (0.83 ${\mu}g/mL$), ethyl acetate fraction (0.84 ${\mu}g/mL$) and aglycone fraction (1.13 ${\mu}g/mL$) of R. coreanus Miquel on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were higher than L-ascorbic acid (1.5 ${\mu}g/mL$), which is known as s typical hydrophilic antioxidant. The cellular protective effect of extract and fraction of unripened fruit extract of R. coreanus Miquel on the rose bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes was increased in a concentration dependent manner (1 ~ 50 ${\mu}g/mL$). And 50% ethanol extract in 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ showed the most protective effect among extracts (${\tau}_{50}$ = 296.3 min). The inhibitory effects on tyrosinase of ethyl acetate and agylcone fractions were higher than arbutin. These results indicate that unripened fruit extracts of R. coreanus Miquel can be applied to antioxidant scavenging ROS including radical as an alternative whitening agent to replace arbutin.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2009

In this study, the antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase, and component of non-fermented and fermented Lavandula angustifolia extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of fermented extract (5.95 ${\mu}g/mL$) showed the most prominent the free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of L. angustifolia extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate fraction of fermented extract (1.45 ${\mu}g/mL$) showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of L. angustifolia on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The L. angustifolia extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner (1 ${\sim}$ 50 ${\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effect of L. angustifolia extracts on tyrosinase was investigated to assess their whitening efficacy. Inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) on tyrosinase were determined with ethyl acetate fraction of L. angustifolia extract (144.80 ${\mu}g/mL$) and ethyl acetate fraction of fermented extract (122.40 ${\mu}g/mL$). Fractions of ethyl acetate and fermented extracts showed both 3 band in TLC and 3 peaks, 2 peaks in HPLC (340 nm), respectively. In each chromatography, fractions of ethyl acetate both from non-fermented and fermented L. angusfifolia have rosmarinic acid in common. These results indicate that the component and content of non-fermented and fermented extracts of L. angustifolia are different. Both of the extract of L. angustifolia can be used as an antioxidant.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2008

In this study, the antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and elastase and components of Fagopyrum esculetum extracts were investigated. Fagopyrum esculetum used for this study is hulls and dehulled seeds. The free radical(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, DPPH) scavenging activities($FSC_{50}$) and reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenging activities($OSC_{50}$) of extract/fractions from Fagopyrum esculetum were measured. The aglycone($3.5{\pm}0.0{\mu}g/mL$) and ethyl acetate fractions($0.2{\pm}0.1{\mu}g/mL$) of hulls showed the most effective scavenging activities. The protective effects on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most prominent cellular protective effect(${\tau}_{50},\;771.7{\pm}9.9 min$ at 10 ${\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effect of aglycone fraction of hull and dehulled seeds on tyrosinase were examined ($53.6{\pm}0.5{\mu}g/mL,\;35.6{\pm}0.4{\mu}g/mL$, respectively). And The inhibitory effect of aglycone fraction of hull and dehulled seeds on elastase were investigated($3.7{\pm}0.4{\mu}g/mL\;and\;6.0{\pm}0.7{\mu}g/mL$ respectively). But 50% ethanol extract rarely exhibited the inhibitory activity on tyrosinase and elastase. (+)-Catechin and (-)-epicatechin were contained in ethyl acetate fraction of dehulled seeds. And ethyl acetate fraction of hull contains flavonoids of hyperin, quercetin, rutin and so on. These results indicate that extract/fractions of Fagopyrum esculentum can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. Fagopyrum esculentum extract could be used as a new cosmeceutical for whitening and anti-wrinkle products.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.391-400
• /
• 2015

In the present study, 50% ethanol extract, the ethyl acetate and aglycone fraction were prepared from mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and their antioxidative ability was evaluated. The yields of extract and fractions were 32.0, 4.48 and 0.82% per dried powder, respectively. Free radical scavenging activities were performed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and total antioxidant capacity was estimated using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. Free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of 50 % ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction were 8.83, 5.84 and $6.05{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Their total antioxidant capacities ($OSC_{50}$) were similar to that of L-ascorbic acid ($1.72{\mu}g/mL$), known as a prominent water soluble antioxidant, in all extracts and 50% ethanol extract ($1.03{\mu}g/mL$) was the most effective. The cellular protective effects on the $^1O_2$-induced cellular damage of erythrocytes were evaluated and the results showed that all extracts were significantly higher than (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol at $10{\mu}g/mL$. Especially, the ${\tau}_{50}$ value of aglycone fraction was 5 times higher than (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol at $10{\mu}g/mL$ and $50{\mu}g/mL$. The inhibitory effects of the ethyl acetate and aglycone fractions on tyrosinase were similar to arbutin, known as the whitening agent in cosmetics. These results suggest that the extracts of mate have the applicability as antioxidant and anti-aging cosmeceutical ingredients.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.29 no.11
• /
• pp.1173-1178
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to isolate an agar-degrading marine bacterium and characterize its agarase. Bacterium BK-1, from Gwanganri Beach at Busan, Korea, was isolated on Marine 2216 agar medium and identified as Agarivorans sp. BK-1 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The extracellular agarase, characterized after dialysis of culture broth, showed maximum activity at pH 6.0 and $50^{\circ}C$ in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer. Relative activities at 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and $70^{\circ}C$ were 67, 93, 97, 100, 58, and 52%, respectively. Relative activities at pH 5, 6, 7, and 8 were 59, 100, 95, and 91%, respectively. More than 90% of the activity remained after a 2 hr exposure to 20, 30, or $40^{\circ}C$; about 60% of the activity remained after a 2 hr exposure to $50^{\circ}C$. Almost all activity was lost after exposure to 60 or $70^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Zymography revealed three agarases with molecular weights of 110, 90, and 55 kDa. Agarose was degraded to neoagarobiose (46.8%), neoagarotetraose (39.7%), and neoagarohexaose (13.5%), confirming the agarase of Agarivorans sp. BK-1 as a ${\beta}$-agarase. The neoagarooligosaccharides generated by this agarase could be used for moisturizing, bacterial growth inhibition, skin whitening, food treatments, cosmetics, and delaying starch degradation.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.178-184
• /
• 2011

In this study, the antibacterial, antioxidative and inhibitory effects of Allium cepa peel extracts on tyrosinase and elastase were investigated. MIC values of the ethyl acetate fraction of Allium cepa peel on especially, S. aureus among the skin resident flora (Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus; Propionibacterium acnes, P. acnes; Pityrosporum ovale, P. ovale; Escherichia coli, E. coli) were 0.06%. The aglycone fraction showed more excellent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}=5.05{\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction in the luminol-dependent $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were 0.05 and $0.03{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The cellular protective effect of the aglycone fraction on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes exhibited more prominent (${\tau}_{50}$, 480 min at $25{\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effects ($IC_{50}$) of the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction on tyrosinase were 9.16 and $8.68{\mu}g/mL$, the inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}$) of the aglycone fraction on elastase was $14.12{\mu}g/mL$ The transepidermal water loss of the cream containing 0.1% ethyl acetate fraction was decreased from $8.3g/m^2h$ in control to $6.8g/m^2h$ in the subjects applied with cream containing the ethyl acetate fraction. These results indicate that extract/fractions of Allium cepa peel can function as antioxidant in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS, and possibly as antiaging agents. Allium cepa peel extract could be used as a new cosmeceutical for whitening and anti-wrinkle products.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.107-121
• /
• 2023

This study analyzed the polyphenol, flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, anti-aging activity and phenol component contents of Saccharina japonica (SJ), Costaria costata (CC) extracts with hot water, 95% methanol, 95% prethanol for investigating possible utilization of SJ and CC extracts. The result revealed that the SJ and CC methanol extracts showed the highest polyphenol and flavonoid contents, 4.63 mg TAN/g, and 4.19 mg QUE/g respectively. Also, the SJ and CC methanol extracts showed higher antioxidant activity than prethanol and hot water extracts, whereas the ABTS radical scavenging activities were the highest in prethanol extracts (IC₅₀ = 15.4, 10.3 ㎍/µL). In anti-aging activity for evaluating the anti-wrinkle activity and skin whitening activity, the CC methanol extracts had high collagenase inhibitory activity (88.3%), and the SJ prethanol extracts showed higher elastase inhibitory activity (19.0%) compared to other extracts. Then the tyrosinase inhibitory activity was significantly higher in the SJ and CC methanol extracts (41.8, 30.3%, respectively), whereas prethanol extracts were the lowest. To identify the phenol component contents of SJ and CC extracts, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, naringenin, naringin and nicotinic acid were measured using LC-MS/MS. As a result, the phenol contents were the highest in SJ methanol extract (4-hydroxybenzoic acid), SJ and CC prethanol extract (naringin and naringenin) and CC prethanol extract (nicotinic acid). Lastly, the antioxidant activity of SJ and CC showed high correlations with polyphenol and flavonoid contents (R = -0.946~0.883). These results suggest that prethanol or methanol extracts of SJ and CC have higher antioxidant activities, anti-aging activity and the potential to be used as material for health functional food and cosmetics.