• Title/Summary/Keyword: White matter integrity

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Software Development for the Integrated Visualization of Brain Tumor and its Surrounding Fiber Tracts (뇌종양 및 그 주변 신경다발의 통합적 가시화를 위한 소프트웨어의 개발)

  • Oh Jungsu;Cho Ik Hwan;Na Dong Gyu;Chang Kee Hyun;Park Kwang Suk;Song In Chan
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.2-8
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    • 2005
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study was to implement a software to visualize tumor and its surrounding fiber tracts simultaneously using diffusion tensor imaging and examine the feasibility of our software for investigating the influence of tumor on its surrounding fiber connectivity. Material and Methods : MR examination including T1-weigted and diffusion tensor images of a patient with brain tumor was performed on a 3.0 T MRI unit. We used the skull-striped brain and segmented tumor images for volume/surface rendering and anatomical information from contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. Diffusion tensor images for the white matter fiber-tractography were acquired using a SE-EPI with a diffusion scheme of 25 directions. Fiber-tractography was performed using the streamline and tensorline methods. To correct a spatial mismatch between T1-weighted and diffusion tensor images, they were coregistered using a SPM. Our software was implemented under window-based PC system. Results : We successfully implemented the integrated visualization of the fiber tracts with tube-like surfaces, cortical surface and the tumor with volume/surface renderings in a patient with brain tumor. Conclusion : Our result showed the feasibility of the integrated visualization of brain tumor and its surrounding fiber tracts. In addition, our implementation for integrated visualization can be utilized to navigate the brain for the quantitative analysis of fractional anisotropy to assess changes in the white matter tract integrity of edematic and peri-edematic regions in a number of tumor patients.

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Neural Substrates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder : Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study Using Negative Priming Task (외상 후 스트레스 장애의 신경기반 : 부적점화과제와 기능자기공명영상 연구)

  • Lee, Byeong-Taek;Ryu, Jeong;Lee, Dong Hoon;Sohn, Myeong-Ho;Kang, Nae Hee;Ham, Byung-Joo;Choi, Nam Hee
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.110-117
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    • 2008
  • Objectives : Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) has been primarily associated with emotional problems. Recently, however, the impact of PTSD on cognitive processes has interested a growing number of researchers. The current study is aimed at investigating the cognitive aspects of PTSD at both behavioral and neurological levels. Methods : We recruited individuals with PTSD who survived the Daegu subway explosion in 2003 as well as non-PTSD individuals as a control group. To evaluate the inhibitory processes and the neural mechanisms, we had these individuals perform the negative priming task simultaneously with functional MRI scanning. Results : Behaviorally, the negative priming effect was intact in the control group but was not evident in the PTSD group. In the imaging results, only the PTSD group showed the negative priming effect (i.e., increased activation of the negative priming condition as opposed to the neutral condition) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and inferior temporal gyrus. The PTSD group also showed increased activity for the positive priming condition as opposed to the neutral condition in the claustrum. These results confirm and extend the previous findings that the integrity of the ACC is compromised in the trauma survivors due to disrupted white matter tract. Conclusions : The current results suggest that deteriorated performance of the PTSD group may be due to the functional problem as well as the structural abnormalities.

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Effects of dietary L-glutamine and glutamic acid combination, and whey powder on the performance and nutrient digestion in weaned piglets fed grain-based diets

  • Almeida, Jonathan Madson dos Santos;Pascoal, Leonardo Augusto Fonseca;de Almeida, Jorge Luiz Santos;Guerra, Ricardo Romao;da Silva, Jose Humberto Vilar;da Silva, David Rwbystanne Pereira;Neto, Manoel Rosa Silva;Martins, Terezinha Domiciano Dantas
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.34 no.12
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    • pp.1963-1973
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    • 2021
  • Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of including L-glutamine along with glutamic acid as a supplement in weaned piglets' diets with and without whey powder. Methods: Two assays were carried out. A total of 40 piglets ([Landrace×Large White]×Pietrain) weaned at 24 days of age with an initial body weight of 6.6±0.6 kg were used in the first assay, and the following parameters were evaluated: growth performance, the incidence of diarrhea, morphometry, intestinal integrity, and hepatic glycogen index. The animals were then blocked into four groups according to different diets: diet all-grain feeding (G); diet all-grain feeding with whey powder (GW); and with vs without 1% supplementation of the commercial product containing L-glutamine and glutamic acid (A or NA). Whey powder was added according to the stage of life, corresponding to 17%, 10%, and 5%, respectively, in order to meet the need for lactose. The animals were evaluated at 24 to 42 days and at 24 to 55 days of age. The nutrient digestibility for the second assay was carried out by using 24 animals with an average weight of 11.49±1.6 kg, and the same diets were tested. Results: The supplementation of L-glutamine + glutamic acid or the addition of whey powder in diets for weaned piglets provided (p<0.05) greater feed intake, greater weight gain and improved feed conversion in the initial period (24 to 42 days age). However, in the whole period (24 to 55 days age) only amino acid supplementation affected (p<0.05) growth performance. There was a positive interaction (p<0.05) between the type of diet and L-glutamine + glutamic acid supplementation on villus height, crypt depth and the villus:crypt ratio in the duodenum. In addition, L-glutamine + glutamic acid supplementation reduced (p<0.05) the crypt depth and improved the villus:crypt ratio in the jejunum. The inclusion of whey powder affected (p<0.05) positively the digestibility coefficients analyzed except mineral matter digestibility coeficients. The supplementation of 1% the commercial product composed of L-glutamine and glutamic acid improved (p<0.05) only the digestibility coefficient of crude protein. Conclusion: These results indicate that supplementation of 1% commercial product containing L-glutamine + glutamic acid in diets for piglets from 24 to 55 days of age, dispenses with the use of whey powder when evaluating growth performance. Amino acid supplementation alone or associated with whey powder affects (p<0.05) positively the indicators of the intestinal integrity.

Localization of Bilateral Hemisphere Lesion Using Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Diffusion Tensor Imaging: Report of Two Cases (경두개 자기자극과 확산텐서 신경섬유로 검사를 통한 대뇌 병변의 국소화: 증례보고)

  • Lee, Hyung Nam;Oh, Young-Bin;Kim, Gi-Wook;Won, Yu Hui;Ko, Myoung-Hwan;Seo, Jeong-Hwan;Park, Sung-Hee
    • Journal of Electrodiagnosis and Neuromuscular Diseases
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.106-111
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    • 2018
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been a gold standard for investigating central motor pathways in humans. Diffusion tensor imaging with fiber tractography (DTI FT) is known for its usefulness in detecting white matter lesion in vivo. We investigated the clinical usefulness of elucidating the integrity and continuity of corticospinal tract (CST) by combined use of TMS and DTI FT in this study. We report two cases who have presented with left hemiparesis and evaluated by both TMS and DTI FT; 10-year-old boy with Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy with Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episode syndrome and 20-year-old woman with traumatic brain injury. Combined use of TMS and DTI FT successfully led to localize the brain lesion that might cause motor impairment in patients with abnormal signal intensities in MRI. The results of this study suggest that TMS and DTI FT might provide the detailed information between function and anatomy of the CST, complementarily.

Usefulness of DTI-based three dimensional corticospinal tractography in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (편마비를 가진 뇌성마비 환아에서 확산 텐서강조영상을 이용한 3차원 피질척수로 영상의 유용성)

  • Yeo, Ji Hyun;Son, Su Min;Lee, Eun Sil;Moon, Han Ku
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.52 no.1
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    • pp.99-104
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    • 2009
  • Purpose : Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging-based three-dimensional fiber tractography (DTI-FT) is a new method which demonstrates the orientation and integrity of white matter fibers in vivo. However, clinical application on children with cerebral palsy is still under investigation. We present various abnormal patterns of DTI-FT findings and accordance rate with clinical findings in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy, to recognize the use fulness of DTI-FT. Methods : The thirteen children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy evaluated at Yeungnam University hospital from March, 2003 to August, 2007 were enrolled in this study and underwent magnetic resonance DTI-FT of the corticospinal tracts. Two regions of interest (ROI) were applied and the termination criteria were fractional anisotropy ${\geq}0.3$, angle ${\leq}70^{\circ}$. Results : The patterns and distribution of abnormal DTI-based corticospinal tractographic findings were interruption(10 cases, 76.9%), reduction of fiber volume (8 cases, 61.5%), agenesis of corticospinal tract (3 cases, 23.1%), transcallosal fiber (2 cases, 15.4%) and, aberrant corticospinal tracts (4 cases, 30.8%). Abnormal DTI-based corticospinal tractographic findings were in accordance with the clinical findings of cerebral palsy in 84.6% of the enrolled patients. Conclusion : Our results suggest that DTI-FT would be a use ful modality in the assessment of the corticospinal tract abnormalities in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.