• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.231-242
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• 2018

This study was performed to determine the effects on psychological and physiological variables of Horticulture Activity Caring Program for major company white-collar workers. Fifty three White-collar Workers participated in study. They were assigned to two groups (experimental group and control group) in random order. Random order is used Excel 2010 program RAND function of Microsoft. During the eight-week trial, the experimental group was treated with Horticulture Activity Caring Program weekly for 90 minute per session. The control group wasn't treated. Measurements of variables (stress, depression, blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C) were performed at weeks 0 and 8 for all participant. Changes in variables were calculated from baseline to trial completion. The data were collected from July to September 2014. SPSS 21.0 was used for the statistical analysis. : Horticulture Activity Caring Program had positive effects on depression (z=-4.57, p< .000). Conclusion of the study suggest the Horticulture Activity Caring Program may have positive effects on improving depression. We expect that the Horticulture Activity Caring Program will become a complementary and alternative therapy of mental health promotion for the white collar workers.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.61-71
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• 2007

Objectives: The research was conducted to evaluate the socio-demographic, life style and work related factors of stress and fatigue, and correlation between them in the white collar workers. Methods: This study was targeted on white collar workers of medium-sized company in Kimhae city including 249 people; 167 of males, 82 of females. The data was collected by structured questionnaires and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS 12.0. Result: Both stress and fatigue levels were higher for female of gender, 20s of age, single of marital status in socio-demographic factors. The stress level was higher for current smokers and lower frequency of regular exercise per week, and both stress and fatigue levels were higher for unsatisfied sleeping in lifestyle factors. The stress level was lower for 5-day workweek system and experience of downsizing, and both stress and fatigue levels were higher far lower period of employment in work related factors. The correlation coefficient(r) between stress and fatigue level was 0.578, which was highly statistically significant. According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, factors affecting stress were unsatisfied sleeping, female and lower frequency of regular exercise per week, and those affecting fatigue were younger age and unsatisfied sleeping. Conclusion: This study provided strong support for associations between stress and fatigue, and we suggest that modifiable factors such as regular exercise and satisfied sleeping would be important for white collar workers to reduce their stress and fatigue.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.10
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• pp.155-190
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• 1997

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2020

In this paper, I try to help the business operation so that they could continue the desirable operation despite the unfavorable conditions. It is important to reinforce for corporate growth various support measures to generate profits. However, if they are involved in criminal activities such as slush fund creation, they will have to deal with them separately. As a result, To raise awareness helps to keep the company running. Recently, the companies are in a poor condition due to overseas migration. If a company does not create profits by doing business, it is a burden to continue operating and it will eventually be hard to support and destroy. The corporate crime and white-collar crime are mostly similar types, mainly because they occur in the industry. The corporate crime proceeds throughout the company and ultimately translates into corporate profits. The white-collar crime, on the other hand, is a profitable part of the individual. In the process of generating profits, the purpose and management method of slush funds is an important issue in judging whether illegal immorality of business is intended or not. In addition, in the case of the corporate crime, it seems necessary to identify the types of slush fund raising activities in addition to the investigations of the accomplices and clinical investigations, and to apply efficient investigation methods on a case-by-case basis. At present, many companies frequently migrate overseas due to the influence of domestic regulations. In this process, if it is involved in crime such as a borrowing accounts or the purpose of slush fund creation should be treated separately.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.190-199
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to propose the standard of health-related fitness evaluation according to the working styles of male manufacturing workers. The subjects were 15,329 male manufacturing workers aged from 40 to 59 years old who had taken a health-related fitness test by K Institution. Health-related fitness components are cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and body composition. We measured Vo2max, grip strength, sit-up, trunk flexion forward, and body fat percentage to ascertain each component. Data were analyzed with Two-way ANOVA, T-test, One-way ANOVA(Scheffe) and Percentile using SPSS version 18.0 program. The analysis results are as follows. First, the health-related fitness of manufacturing workers varied significantly according to their working styles(maximum oxygen uptake : F=88.67(p<.001), grip strength : F=20.09(p<.001), sit-up : F=42.06(p<.001), trunk flexion forward : F=69.44(p<.001), body fat percentage : F=136.75(p<.001)).Therefore, the evaluation standard was set based on the percentile of health fitness items. Second, the average Vo2max, grip strength, and trunk flexion forward of blue-collar workers were higher than those of white-collar workers at all ages. On the other hand, the average sit-up and body fat percentage of white-collar workers were higher than those of blue-collar workers at all ages. Third, these evaluation criteria differed greatly when compared with the results of the National Physical Fitness Survey. Therefore, we have confirmed that the evaluation criteria should be applied differently according to the working style of a worker when evaluating his health-related fitness.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.377-396
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• 2000

After warming-up exercise for 20 minutes, Isokinetic measurement of trunk strength for flexor and extensor was done by using Cybex 6000 TEF Unit on 91 healthy male white workers from 22years old to 49 years old, and compared each other. 20 repetitions of trunk extension-flexion were done at $120^{\circ}$/sec angular velocity. After resting for 1 minutes, Four repetitions at two different angular velocities($60^{\circ}$/sec, $120^{\circ}$/sec) were done with 30 seconds of resting interval between each angular velocity. The purpose of this study is to obtain the isokinetic normative strength values for trunk extensors and flexors, and is to know the correlation between age, height, weight of subjects and data from isokinetic trunk strength measurement, and is to provide a guideline for exercise program of male white collar workers The collected data were analyzed by ANOVA, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, and Pearson correlation coefficiency in PC-SAS program. The results obtained were as follow; 1. There is significant positive-correlation with the statistic value between weight and peak torque of trunk muscles at two different angular velocities($60^{\circ}$/sec, $120^{\circ}$/sec)(p<01), between height and peak torque of trunk muscles at two different angular velocities($60^{\circ}$/sec, $120^{\circ}$/sec) except peak torque of trunk flexor at $60^{\circ}$/sec(p<01). 2. There is nagitive-correlation between age and peak torque of trunk muscles at two different angular velocities($60^{\circ}$/sec, $120^{\circ}$/sec), there is significant differences with statistic value between age and peak torque of trunk extensor at $120^{\circ}$/sec(p<.01). 3. Mean peak torque and mean peak torque % by body weight of trunk extensor is 1.1 times higher values than trunk flexor at $60^{\circ}$/sec. 4. There is the increase in peak torque angle of trunk flexor with increasing of age, and the decrease in peak torque angle of trunk flexor with increasing of age at two different angular velocities($60^{\circ}$/sec, $120^{\circ}$/sec). there is significant differences with statistic value in peak torque angle of trunk flexor at $120^{\circ}$/sec(p<.01). 5. There is significant decrease in endurance ratio of trunk extensor with increasing of age at $120^{\circ}$/sec(p<.01). In conclusion, peak torque of trunk extensor is 1.1 times higher values than trunk flexor in healthy male white collar workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.38
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• pp.73-82
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• 1998

There are two styles of Yoo(; ) Sang(;裳) in Koryo Women. One they wore the Snag(;裳) over the Yoo(; ), the other wore the Yoo(; ) over the Sang(;裳). In the Yoo(; ), Double breast styly was used for the adjustments of these clothes, Neckline and hem line were substituted by rectangular collar (;목판깃). Knot-button, Coat-string(;Okgolum), White straight collar (DongJung), side slit were used. In the Sang(;裳), Chimaheri(;치마허리)was mades of another fabric and Chima-string was dropped.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.4 s.44
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• pp.565-573
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• 1993

Noise is not only affecting the ear and the auditory cortex locally, but its influence is widely spread throughout the brain structures, e. g., the reticular formation, the brain stem nuclei or the subcortical forebrain area. Hence, any of the organism's activities can be hindered or stimulated by noise. High noise is a stressor and the catecholamine level can be used both as a stress marker and as an indicator of modified sympathetic nervous system activity. Several recent studies have found that the urinary excretion of catecholamines is increased due to high noise intensity, especially unexpectedly high and long lasting noise. The present study was conducted in order to examine the effects of noise stress on urinary excretion of ctecholamines in rats and humans. Rats were exposed to 90 dB noise for 10, 30, and 60 minutes, 3 and 12 hours. 24 hour . urinary samples were collected and the catecholamones were extracted by alumina and analyzed by HPLC-ECD. Catecholamine levels increased with time of exposure up to 60 minutes : norepinephrine concentration at 60 min of noise=1.038 ng/ml, epinephrine=0.636 ng/ml. Urine catecholamines of blue collar workers exposed to 90 dB of noise at the work place were collected between 2 and 4 p.m. and compared to that of white collar workers exposed to 70 dB. Mean norepinephrine level of the blue collar workers was 0.89 ng/ml (${\pm}0.25$), epinephrine 0.24ng/m1 (${\pm}0.09$), and that of the white collar workers 0.48 ng/ml (${\pm}0.12$), epinephrine 0.19 ng/ml(${\pm}0.05$). It was concluded that noise acts as a stressor and increases the catecholamine levels in both rats and humans.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.27-44
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• 2001

In this study, I investigate the drinking behavior and related factors among white collar workers in seoul. Examination was executed with questionnaire to 520 white collar workers. Drinking behavior involves frequency of drinking, amount of alcohol consumption in a drinking situation and alcohol-related problem. Related factors involves the general characteristics, the knowledge about alcohol, the allowable attitude about drinking, work stress and stress copying. This was analyzed with percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOV A and pearson's correlation. The results are as follows: Data shows that about 96.3% of the respondents drink at least during the last year and 89.8% of the respondents drink at least during the last month. 59.4% male respondents drink 3-8 times a month, 44.8% female respondents drink 1-2 times a month. High prevalence rates were found in male, married person and those with low-religious spirit in a usual amount of drinking(p〈0.05), male in the latest amount of drinking(p〈0.05), male, forties, married person and those with the highest monthly family income and those with low-religious spirit in frequency of drinking during the latest month(p〈0.05). The score of alcohol-related problem(ARP) was as follows: male workers-2.61, female workers-1.61 out of 35. The score of ARP was statistically significantly different according to sex(p〈0.05). A positive correlation was observed between amount of drinking, frequency of drinking and ARP(p〈0.01). The score of knowledge about alcohol was 3.6 and any correlation and statistically significant difference were not observed between the knowledge about alcohol and drinking behavior. The score of allowable attitude about drinking was statistically significantly different according to sex(p〈0.05), age(p〈0.05). A positive correlation was observed between attitude about drinking and amount of drinking, frequency of drinking, ARP(p〈0.01). The work stress and stress copying had no significant relations with drinking behavior. Most respondents do not drink at stress situation.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.287-295
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• 2007

Background : This study investigated and analyzed the life style of male white- collar workers and their perception of obesity to determine how to improve eating habits and prevent obesity. Materials and Methods : Using the questionnaires distributed to and collected from 300 male white-collar workers in Daegu, the survey was conducted from December 20, 2005 to February 28, 2006. Two hundred sets of collected questionnaires were used for the analysis, and SPSS WIN 12.0 was employed to analyze the data. Results : Forty-two percent of subjects had weights ranging between 71 kg and 80 kg; 39.5%, weighted between 61 kg and 70 kg. The waist measurements of 64.5% of all respondents were between 32 and 34 inches. The lifestyle questions found that 54% of respondents were smokers and 88.5% drank alcohol. In addition, 62.5% of all respondents reported doing exercise, whereas 37.5% reported no exercise. Conclusion : The height and weight of 200 respondents were used to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Only 31.6% had a normal BMI, whereas 32% were found to be overweight, a condition likely to lead to obesity. Meanwhile, 36.5% of respondents were obese or morbidly obese.