• 제목/요약/키워드: White collar

검색결과 202건 처리시간 0.024초

어린이 화상사고의 실태와 예방대책 프로그램 개발에 대한 연구 (A Study of Burn Accidents in Children towards Developing a Program for Prevention)

  • 한정석;서미혜
    • 대한간호
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.61-74
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    • 1997
  • This study is a descriptive study which was done to examine the circumstances surrounding burn accidents in children in order to develop a burn prevention program. The subjects for the study were the mothers of 107 children admitted to two burn specialty hospitals in seoul and the mothers of 172 healthy children attending day care or kindergarten. The tool used in the study was developed by the researchers, pretested and refined. Cronbach's alpha was 0.72. Data collection was done between November 1995 and April 1996. Statistically analysis was done using SAS Version 6.04 and the data was analyzed using test, chi square, regression and logistic analysis. A suumary of the results shows the following : Eighty percent of the children in both groups lived in nuclear families but comparatively more of the children with burn accidents lived in apartments. More of the parents in the group of healthy children had university education and held white collar or professional jobs, while the parents of the children with burn accidents were slightly younger than the parents of the healthy children. but not significantly younger. A significantly greater number of families of children with burn accidents had more than one child and the characteristics of the children with burn accidents that they were more frequently boys, either first or last born and very active. Most of the burn accidents occurred in fall or winter. sometime between noon and midnight and the majority occurred in the home and were caused by hot liquid. In 86% of the cases emergency care was not given at home but the child was brought to the hospital emergency unit. Most of the burns were second degree or greater. involved the arms or legs. required admission, and 41.5% occurred when the parents were preparing or eating meals. In a test of knowledge of preventive measures, the mothers of children who had suffered burn accidents scored slightly higher than the mothers who had no experience with burn accidents, but this was not statistically significant. As to what to do in the case of a fire, the mothers of the healthy children had more knowledge about who to notify. but 70% of the mothers in both groups did not know how to escape from the house if it was of fire. 80 to 96% did not know what do to in case of a fire, such as rolling if clothes were on fire. 80% did not know what emergency care to give for a burn, and 74 to 87% did not know when it is appropriate to try to put out a fire. It can be concluded from this study that. since the results show that the most frequent situation which resulted in burn accidents was when the parents were not aware of the danger of burns or were not paying attention to the child. and when there were no protective devices to prevent burns. and that accidents most frequently occurred at home. the most effective way of preventing accidents is to develop in the parents a "safety mind", Since burn accidents in children are usually more severe than in adults. the physical. emotional. psychological and social damage is greater. In order to develop and awareness of this in the general public. the use of mass media. books and pamphlets and other educational media that provide education on prevention of burn accidents need to be utilized.

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인터넷 서점 이용자의 주관성에 관한 Q분석 (Q Analyses of the Structure of Internet Bookstore Users' Subjectivity)

  • 정현욱;강혜영;김선남
    • 한국도서관정보학회지
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    • 제36권2호
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    • pp.197-220
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구는 인터넷 서점 이용자의 신념, 가치 태도 등의 주관성(Subjectivity) 구조의 특성을 Q 방법론으로 규명하였다. 본 연구는 36개 Q 표본과 28명 P 표본을 구성하여 2005년 4월 15일에서 22일까지 8일간 조사를 하였다. 본 연구는 다음의 같다. 첫째, 인터넷 서점 이용자 구조는 3가지 유형이었다. 제1유형은 "경제적 이익추구형"이다. 이들의 인터넷 서점 이용은 경제성을 추구하는 목적지향적인 행위이다. 이들은 인터넷 서점이 제공하는 컨텐츠보다는 저렴한 책값에 관심을 두었다. 이 유형은 주로 대학생 계층에서 두드러졌다. 제2유형은 "정보추구형"이다. 이들은 새로운 정보나 전문적인 정보를 얻기 위하여 인터넷 서점을 방문한다. 이들은 여성계층에서 뚜렷하였다. 제3유형은 "편의추구형"이다. 이들은 인터넷 서점이 보유하고 있는 접근가능성, 편리함 등에 관심을 두고 있으며 현실적인 문제(예, 배송, 책간 활용가능성, 경품권제공, 결제 등)에 관심을 두었다 이들은 직장인 계층에서 두드러졌다. 인터넷 서점은 향후 다양한 이용자들의 욕구를 충분히 파악하여 세분화되고 차별화된 이용자 지향 정책을 마련해야 할 것이다.

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만성전립선염환자(慢性前立腺炎患者) 40예(例)에 대(對)한 임상적(臨床的) 고찰(考察) (The Clinical Study on 40 Cases of Patient with Chronic Prostatitis)

  • 조충식;김철중
    • 혜화의학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.245-257
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    • 2000
  • A clinical study was done 40 patients of chronic prostatitis who was treated in Dept. of Internal Medicine, Oriental Medicine Hospital, Taejon University, from 1 Mar. 1999 to 31 Oct. 1999. The results were as follows. 1. In distribution of age, 30's and 40's were 57.5% the most, 20's and 60's were 35.0%, 50's was 7.5%. 2. In distribution of past history, the urethritis(45.0%) was the most. 3. In distribution of ocupation, a white-collar worker was 35.0%, a business man was 22.5%, a public servant was 12.5%, etc. 4. Sitting the mean time of day were distributed 5~7 hours, above 7 hours, 3~5 hours, under 3 hours, etc. 5. The resting interval of a long distance drive were distributed 2 hours(35.0%), 3 hours(32.5%), etc. 6. The habit of enduring ejaculation during sexual intercourse was showed 45.0%. 7. The habit of enduring urination was showed 20.0%. 8. Influency of mental stress was showed 90.0%. 9. Ten cases(25.0%) were showed riding horse or riding bicycle. 10. Four cases(10.0%) were showed wearing tight trousers. 11. The habit of put a wallet his hip pocket was showed 57.5%. 12. The most common symptom was distributed the others symp-tom(66.8%) and the voiding symptom(63.3%) more than pain-neuro-logical symptom(37.5%) and symptom related with sexual function (26.6%). 13. In distribution of palpation, lower abdominal pain, lumbar pain, perineal or parascrotal pain were mostly showed right side. Moreover diagnosis of pulsation was weakly showed chi pulse of right. 14. Duration of disease were distributed above 1 year(82.5%), under 1 year(17.5%). Degree of prostatitis was severe showed adove 1 year. 15. The distribution of WBC count of the prostatic secretion, com-paring with before therapy and after therapy, were showed from 5 cases to 0 case in very many/HPF, from 23 cases to 13 cases in many/HPF, from 12 cases to 13 cases in 10~30/HPF, from 0 case to 13 cases in under 10/HPF. 16. Therapeutic improvement of symptom were distributed pain-neurological symptom(94.8%), the others symptom(90.8%), the void-ing symptom(89.6%) and symptom related with sexual function(67.5%). 17. Differentiation of symptoms and signs were distributed dificiency of spleen-lung vital energy, wetness-heat of lower warmer, dificiency of spleen-kidney yang, dificiency of kidney yin, wetness-phlegm, dificiency of vital energy and blood. The prescriptions were Bojungikgitang(44.6%), Yukmijihwangtang(20.7%), Palmijihwangtang(12.0%), etc.

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환경호르몬 노출 위험행위, 직업환경 및 환경호르몬 관련 생활습관이 자연 유산 발생에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Exposure-Risk Behavior toward Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals, Occupational Environments and Daily Habits Related to Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals on Development of Spontaneous Abortion)

  • 최명희
    • 한국융합학회논문지
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    • 제11권7호
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    • pp.377-387
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구는 가임기 여성의 자연 유산 발생에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위한 후향적 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 출산 또는 자연 유산의 임신 결과를 1회 이상 경험한 적이 있는 만 20~45세의 여성 198명이었으며, 구조화된 자가보고형 설문지를 이용하여 2019년 7월부터 한 달 동안 자료를 수집하였다. 연구결과, 자연 유산 발생에 영향을 미치는 요인은 임신 중 팬티라이너(매일: 기준, 주 1~2회: B=-1.74, 사용하지 않음: B=-0.77)와 항균제 사용 양상(자주 또는 많이: 기준, 소량 또는 보통: B=-0.71, 사용하지 않음: B=0.79), 직업군(무직: 기준, 서비스 종사자: B=0.73, 사무직: B=1.22, 전문직: B=0.63, 관리자: B=1.54) 및 환경호르몬 노출 위험행위(B=0.81)였으며, 이들의 설명력은 24.4%(R2=.24)였다. 이러한 결과에 따라 자연 유산 발생을 감소시키기 위하여 임신 중 환경호르몬 노출을 예방하고 직업환경에 유의하는 것이 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

간호대학생의 자아개념에 관한 연구 (A Study on Self Concept of Nursing Students.)

  • 임난영;정문희;최선하
    • 한국보건간호학회지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.5-22
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    • 1991
  • This study was conducted to provide information of affective area in developing a nursing curriculum. The sample consisted of 38 sophomores and 43 seniors in Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Han Yang University. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire, which consisted of social, home and self control aspects in self concept. The results are summarized as follows; 1. CD In sophomore, as father's academic career were higher, the self concept In social aspects became higher. The students whose father's job was profesion and a white-collar job and who applied for nursing by force and were satisfied with their educational expenses had more positive self concept in social aspects. In senior, as their age were higher, the self concept in social aspects became higher. The students who had religion, recognized the visions of nursing, and were satisfied with their major, had more positive self concept in social aspects. In self concept in social aspects, home environment explained the major variable in sophomore. On the other side, the variable related to major was important in senior. (2) In sophomore, the students who were satisfied with educational expenses and their major had more positive self concept in home aspects. In senior, the students who counseled of their problems with their parents and recognized the visions of nursing had more positive self concept in home aspects. Counsel of their personal problem with their parents explained the most affective variable $(9.6\%)$ for self concept in home aspects in senior. But, it explained only $1.1\%$ of the variance for self concept in home aspects in sophomore. (3) In senior, the students who were unsatisfied with their educational expenses had more negative self concept in self control aspects. 2. There was no significant difference accord ing to the academic year m social, home and self control aspects. 3. The aspects with the highest positive perception of the self concept was home aspects. Self concept in social aspects was more positive perception than in self control aspects. Self concept in self control aspects was lower than in other aspects. 4. Significant relationship a revealed between social aspects and home aspects in sophomore. In senior, the positive correlation were found between social aspects and home aspects and between social aspects and self control aspects. In conclusion, the self concept m home aspects was more positive perception than in other aspects. It resulted from the fact that the nursing uniqueness was based on the spirit of humanity and service. But, when we consider social and self control aspects, good relationship between subjects and nurse is important in nursing, so it is desirable that nursing curriculum include human relationship program. Therefore. in order to strengthen positive self concept, professors and parents must pay attention to student's problems and counsel with then is required.

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음성군 공업의 입지적 특성과 지역연계 (Locational Characteristics and Regional Linkages of Manufacturing Industry in Eumsung County, Korea)

  • 홍숙;김학훈
    • 한국경제지리학회지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.1-22
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    • 2001
  • 본 연구에서는 수도권 분산정책과 더불어 공업화가 활발히 진행되고 있는 음성군 지역의 공업활동을 기업체에 대한 설문조사를 통하여 공업입지의 유형과 요인, 그리고 지역연계에 관해 연구하였다. 제조업체들이 음성군에 입지하게 된 주요 요인들은 저렴한 공장부지가격과 편리한 교통조건이며, 수도권 공장 분산정책도 영향을 준 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 기업체에 대한 설문을 통하여 물자 연계, 서비스 및 정보 연계, 고용 연재에 관한 분석을 시도하였다. 수도권 공장 분산정책과 중부고속도로의 개통에 의하여 급격하게 성장한 음성군의 공업화는 내실있게 성장하지는 못했다. 수도권에 인접한 음성군은 1980년대 말부터 수도권에서 이전해온 공장들에 의해서 비약적인 공업화를 이루었으나, 국지적 연계보다 수도권과의 연계가 강한 측면이 있어서 종속개발의 폐단이 나타나고 있다. 따라서 음성군이 향후에도 지속적인 성장을 하려면 지역내 기업간의 연계 조성, 사회간접시설의 확충과 다양한 서비스 및 정보 제공 등 보다 나은 지역경제 환경을 조성하는 정책적 노력과 함께 농촌공업에 대한 관심과 연구가 병행되어야 한다.

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대구시의 도시성장과 신시가지 지역 특성에 관한 연구(II) - 상인 및 시지 신시가지의 사례를 중심으로 - (The Natures of Urban Growth and Newly Developed Districts of Taegu(II) - The Case of Newly Developed Districts of Sangin and Siji -)

  • 진원형
    • 한국지역지리학회지
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    • 제8권4호
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    • pp.430-450
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    • 2002
  • 본 연구는 대구시의 상인 및 시지신시가지를 사례로 토지이용 교통 등 공간적 특성과 주민의 거주 특성을 실증적으로 조사하여 분석한 것이다. 신시가지 지역은 개발전 주로 전, 답으로 구성되어 있었으나, 개발 후 고밀주거지를 형성하게 되었다. 또한 상업 서비스 기능이 급속히 발달했는데, 상인지구는 식당업, 근린생활서비스, 주점 및 다과점등의 서비스계가 발달되었으며, 시지지구는 근린생활서비스 식당업, 학원, 근린생활소매업 등의 순으로 분포비율이 높다. 대중교통은 대체로 도심지향적이였고, 외곽의 신시가지들을 연결하는 교통편은 부족하였다. 신시가지 주민은 비교적 40대${\sim}$50대, 화이트칼라 종사자가 많았으며, 학력수준이 비교적 높고, 소득 또한 중산층 이상을 유지하고 있었다. 주민의 고향은 대체로 신시가지와 가까운 지역의 비율이 높았다. 이주결정에 작용한 입지적 요인은, 상인지구는 교통, 자연환경, 직장, 시지지군는 자연환경, 학군 및 직장 요인이 대표적인 것으로 분석되었다. 상인은 관리비나 학군문제, 시지는 직장거리, 관리비 및 교통문제의 순으로 불편한 것으로 조사되었다.

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대사증후군 관리를 위한 직장기반 식생활 중재 프로그램의 효과 (Effect of a Worksite-based Dietary Intervention Program for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome)

  • 김혜진;최인주;김원경;아사노가나;홍정민;조영민;윤지현
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.237-246
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: To investigate the effect of a worksite-based dietary intervention program for the management of metabolic syndrome (MS) among male employees. Methods: A dietary intervention program combining individual and environmental approach was implemented targeting white-collar employees at a worksite located in Seoul for 10 weeks. Out of 104 employees having agreed to participate in the program, those having three or more out of five components of MS and having two components, including a waist circumference component were classified into "the high risk group" (n=41) and received group nutrition education and individual nutrition counseling three times each. The rest of the study subjects were considered as "the low risk group" (n=63). The food environment at the worksite, where both the high and low risk groups were exposed, was changed to promote healthy eating. Physical data including MS components were collected and a questionnaire on dietary behaviors was administered before and after the intervention. The data from the high risk group (n=17) and the low risk group (n=20), excluding the subjects ineligible for or failed to complete the study (n=67), were analyzed. The difference before and after intervention was tested for significance by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: Weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, and HbA1c and the healthy dietary practice score improved significantly after intervention in the high risk group. The median number of MS components decreased significantly from 3.0 to 1.0 in the high risk group. In the low risk group, only HbA1c significantly decreased. Conclusions: The 10-week worksite-based dietary intervention program combining individual and environmental approach was found to be effective for managing MS of male employees.

제지(製紙)슬러지 가공비료(加工肥料)의 시용(施用)이 수묘(樹苗)의 생육(生育)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effects of Paper Mill Sludge-Fertilizer Application on the Growth Performances of Tree Seedlings)

  • 권기원;이규승
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.219-229
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    • 1993
  • 제지슬러지 비료의 포장 시비에 따른 묘목 생육 효과를 조사하였다. 시비에 쓰인 두가지 슬러지비료 중 하나는 슬러지퇴비이며 다른 한 가지는 슬러지에 몇가지 유,무기양교를 첨가하여 펠렛 형태로 성형한 것이다. 시비 처리 유형은 총 6가지로 슬러지퇴비, 슬러지퇴비+슬러지펠렛비료, 슬러지퇴비+슬러지펠렛비료 2회시비, 슬러지펠렛비료, 슬러지펠렛비료 2회시비 및 무시비구로 구분되었다. 연구 대상 수종은 3가지로 관목성 활엽수인 쥐똥나무와 교목성 활엽수인 튜립나무 각각 1-0묘, 침엽수로 스트로브잣나무 2-2묘를 사용하였다. 묘목은 새로 개간하여 양료가 거의 없는 척박한 포지에 수종 별, 처리 별로 $1m{\times}1m$ 방형구 3반복 씩 식재하였다. 처리 유형에 따른 차이는 있지만 슬러지비료를 시비한 후에 시험 포지의 토양 비옥도와 화학적 성질은 현저하게 개선되었다. 근원경과 묘고는 생육 기간중 반복적으로 5회까지 측정되었으며 분산분석과 Duncan의 다중검정을 통해 통계학적으로 분석되었다. 쥐똥나무의 근원경과 튜립나무의 근원경 및 묘고는 제 2차 측정시까지 처리 평균치 간에 통계학적인 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 그 이후 5차 측정까지 이들의 생장은 처리 간에 상당한 차이를 보이고 그 차이는 통계학적으로 고도의 유의성을 보였다. 쥐똥나무의 묘고생장에서 그 통계학적인 차이는 더욱 빨리 제 2차 측정 시부터 인정되었다. 슬러지퇴비+슬러지펠렛비료(2회)시비구는 시비 처리 이후 항상 최고 생장치를 보였다. 위에 언급된 두 활엽수종의 근원경 및 묘고 생장 촉진에 슬러지펠렛비료는 슬러지퇴비 보다 효과적이었다. 스트로브잣나무의 근원경과 묘고생장은 슬러지비료 시비에 거의 영향을 받지 않았다. 이는 다른 두 활엽수종과는 다른 스트로브잣나무의 독특한 생장 패턴에 기인하는 것으로 생각된다.

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남성적-여성적 의복이 직장여성의 직업특성과 직업적합성 지각에 미치는 영향(I) -Suit을 중심으로- (The Effect of Masculine-Feminine Clothing Image on the Perception of Occupational Characteristics and Occupational Suitability(I) -Suit-)

  • 김광경
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.1-20
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    • 1992
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate(Ⅰ) the effect of a masculine-feminine image in women's suit on the perception of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the clothing for certain occupations, and (2) the effect of perceiver's sex, sex-role attitudes, and occupation on the perception formed by the function of clothing cues. The research design of the study consisted of 2(pink and navy blue colors) × 4(masculine and feminine forms) factorial design of a suit. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stiuli and 2 response scales. The stimuli consisted of 8 drawings of woman's clothing made by systematic manipulations of 2 independent variables(color and form) in drawings of suit. The dependent variables were the perceptions of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the masculine or feminine clothing for certain occupations. Occupational characteristics were measured with a 7-point semantic differential scale composed of 21 bipolar adjectives. Perception of ccupational suitability was assessed with 12 items of 5-point Likert type questions. In addition, the Bem Sex-role Inventory was used to assess perceiver's sex-role attitudes. The subjects consisted of 393 men and 389 women, whose occupations were classified as professionals, secondary school teachers, and white-collar workers. They were randomly assigned to one of 8 suit. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, MANOVA, ANOVA, Mean and S.D. Three factors emerged to account for the perception of occupational characteristics. These factors were given the titles of (1) activity, (2) potency, and (3) evaluation factors. The activity factor was the largest, including 9 adjectives. Differences in the form of the suit had effects on potency and evaluation for both sexes, while it also had some effect on activity for women. The color of the suit had some effect on evaluation for both sexes. Strong effects of color and form on the suit were seen in perception of occupational suitability for the occupations of attorney(masculine) and secretary(feminine). On suitability for secondary school teaching occupation, the effects of color and form of suit differed by sex of the subjects. Perceiver's sex-role attitudes and occupation paritally influenced the perception of the wearer's occupational characteristics and suitability of the clothing for certain occupations. In summary, a masculine-feminine image of clothing had a significant effect on the perception of occupational characteristics as well as on suitability of the clothing for certain occupations. Thus, the results of the study support the implicit personality theory on person perception and also the stereotypes of sex-roles on the perception of occupational suitability.

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