• 제목/요약/키워드: Whipping

검색결과 69건 처리시간 0.028초

교류 고전압을 이용한 대전액체의 전기수력학적 미립화에 관한 실험적 연구 (An Experimental Study on the Electrohydrodynamic Atomization of Conducting Liquid Using the AC High Voltages)

  • 성기안
    • 한국분무공학회지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.73-78
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    • 2008
  • An experimental study was performed to explore the drop formation and atomization characteristics in electrohydrodynarnic atomization with flow rate, power supply, voltage frequency, and nozzle size. A basic electrohydrodynarnic atomizer equipment was developed for the analysis of spray visualization and tested for the exploration of relationship between several experimental parameters. In results, the varicose wave had been taken place and the small droplets had been generated less than outer diameter of nozzle on the conditions of 25G of nozzle, flow rate of 2 mL/min, and applied frequency of 50kV at AC power over 5kV voltage. The whipping motion had been grown at applied frequency of 400kV and AC power around 2kV voltage

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에탄올($C_2H_5OH$) 연료의 전기수력학적 미립화 특성에 관한 실험적 연구 (An Experimental Study on the Atomization Characteristics of Electrohydrodynamic for Ethanol($C_2H_5OH$) Fuel)

  • 성기안
    • 한국분무공학회지
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.65-70
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    • 2009
  • An experimental study was performed to explore the atomization characteristics as the drop formation and the liquid breakup of an ethanol fuel using an electrohydrodynamic atomizer. A developed electrohydrodynamic atomizer controlled by a high AC power, a variable frequency, and a liquid feeding was used for the experiments. The test had been considered a disperse atomization processing at $450{\sim}4200V$ applied power, $200{\sim}400\;Hz$ frequency, and $1{\sim}3\;ml/min$ ethanol feeding to achieve an uniformed droplet formation. The goal of the research was to investigate the possibility of the liquid breakup for an ethanol fuel in an electrohydrodynamic atomizer. The results showed that the mean droplet radius decreased as the applied voltage increased or as the applied AC frequency increased. The whipping motion had been grown at the specified voltages due to the applied frequency.

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선박의 거동 및 파랑하중 계산을 위한 약산식 비교 검토 (A Comparison Study on the Simplified Formulae for Ship Motion and Global Loads in Waves)

  • 최문관;박인규;구원철
    • 대한조선학회논문집
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    • 제49권6호
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    • pp.534-540
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    • 2012
  • The global performance of various ships estimated by simplified formulae of classification societies is compared with the numerical results by a strip-theory-based whipping analysis program including slamming impact(USLAM). Heave acceleration, pitch angle and the vertical acceleration are compared and the effectiveness of simplified formulae is evaluated. Four different ship models are used for comparison study, which include S175, Flokstra, 6000TEU and 8100TEU container ships. In order to verify the numerical results, the vertical bending moment of S175 is compared with the results of ITTC workshop data.

Operation of ULCS - real life

  • Prpic-Orsic, Jasna;Parunov, Josko;Sikic, Igor
    • International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.1014-1023
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    • 2014
  • In this paper the real life operation of ULCS (Ultra Large Container Ships) is presented from the point of view of shipmasters. The paper provides interpretation of results of questionnaire filled by masters of large container ships during Tools for Ultra Large Container Ships (TULC) EUI FP7 project. This is done in a way that results of questionnaire are further reviewed and commented by experienced master of ULCS. Following phenomena are subject of questionnaire and further discussed in the paper: parametric rolling, slamming, whipping, springing, green water and rogue waves. Special attention is given to the definition of rough sea states as well as to measures that ship masters take to avoid them as well as to the manoeuvring in heavy seas. The role of the wave forecast and weather routing software is also discussed.

Comparative analysis of fatigue assessment considering hydroelastic response using numerical and experimental approach

  • Kim, Beom-il;Jung, Byung-hoon
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제76권3호
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    • pp.355-365
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    • 2020
  • In this study, considering the hydroelastic response represented by the springing and whipping phenomena, we propose a method of estimating the fatigue damage in the longitudinal connections of ships. First, we screened the design sea states using a load transfer function based on the frequency domain. We then conducted a time domain fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis using WISH-FLEX, an in-house code based on the weakly nonlinear approach. To obtain an effective and robust analytical result of the hydroelastic response, we also conducted an experimental model test with a 1/50-scale backbone-based model of a ship, and compared the experimental results with those obtained from the FSI analysis. Then, by combining the results obtained from the hydroelastic response with those obtained from the numerical fatigue analysis, we developed a fatigue damage estimation method. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method, we evaluated the fatigue strength for the longitudinal connections of the real ship and compared it with the results obtained from the model tests.

반응표면 분석법에 의한 단단계법 거품형 찜 케이크의 물리적 특성의 최적화 (Optimization for the Physical Properties of Steamed Foam Cakes Prepared with Single-stage Method by Response Surface Methodology)

  • 곽성호;장명숙
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.557-566
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구는 오븐에서 굽는 거품형 케이크 중 단단계법을 찌는 방법에 적용하여 혼합방법에 따른 거품형 찜 케이크의 가장 적합한 배합비율을 반응표면분석법으로 찾아 단단계법을 이용한 거품형 찜 케이크의 상품화와 산업화를 위한 기초자료를 만들고자 하였다. 휘핑 시간($X_1,\;4\~20$분),밀가루의 양$X_2,\;460\~540\;g$과 유화제의 양$(X_3,\;16\~24\;g)$을 독립변수로 설정하고, 색도, 부피, 텍스쳐 항목을 반응변수로 하여 최적화한 결과 물리적 특성 중 부피의 경우 16개의 실험조건에 따라 $1,300\~1,584\;mL$, 색도의 L값은 $83.64\~67.55$, a값은 $0.20\~2.70$, b값은 $30.49\~35.03$, ${\Delta}E$$32.02\~36.49$, 경도는 $209.82\~349.20\;g$, 검성은 $209.82\~349.20\;g$, 씹힘성의 경우 $120.92\~218.86\;g{\cdot}cm$ 범위의 결과를 나타내었고, 관능적 특성을 평가한 결과 외관 $4.00\~7.25$, 색 $4.83\~7.50$, 냄새 $4.40\~7.00$, 맛 $4.80\~7.02$, 부드러운 정도 $4.20\~7.50$, 촉촉한 정도 $5.44\~7.67$, 전반적인 기호도 $5.00\~7.98$의 점수를 받았다. 회귀식을 검증한 결과 부피, 경도, 검성과 씹힘성은 $5\%$ 이내의 수준에서 회귀식의 유의성이 인정되었고, 관능적 특성의 냄새, 부드러운 정도, 촉촉한 정도와 전반적인 기호도는 $5\%$ 이내에서, 맛은 $1\%$ 이내의 수준에서 회귀식의 유의성이 인정되었다. 독립변수가 각 반응변수에 미치는 영향을 본 결과 유화제의 양이 물리적 특성에 가장 큰 영향을 주었고, 관능적 특성에서는 휘핑 시간과 유화제의 양이 중요한 변수로 작용하였다. 반응표면의 정상점의 형태는 물리적 특성에서 색도의 b값만 정상점에서의 형태가 최대점을 나머지 모든 항목은 안장점의 형태를 나타내었다. 관능적 특성 결과 전반적인 기호도의 경우 안장점의 형태를 보였고, 그 이외의 항목은 최대점의 형태를 나타내었다. 결정된 회귀식의 계수를 바탕으로 3차원 반응표면을 도식화한 결과 최적조건보다 과도한 휘핑 시간과 유화제 첨가는 오히려 부피가 감소하였고, 관능검사 결과 낮은 점수를 받아 좋아하지 않았다. 독립 변수에 영향을 받으며 유의적인 차이가 인정된 반응변수에서 찜 케이크의 품질특성에 중요한 요인으로 작용하는 물리적 특성 중 부피, 경도, 그리고 관능적 특성 중 맛, 냄새, 부드러운 정도, 촉촉한 정도, 전반적인 기호도의 contour map을 중첩하여 특성을 모두 만족시켜주는 교집합을 각각의 독립변수의 최적의 조건으로 선정하였다. 그 결과 휘핑 시간 $11\~13$분, 밀가루의 양 $470\~486\;g$, 유화제의 양 $19\~20\;g$으로 각각 나타났다. 이상의 예측된 최적 조건을 검증하기 위하여 최적 조건 범위내의 중간점 즉, 휘핑 시간 12분, 밀가루의 양 478 g과 유화제의 양 20 g을 최적점으로 설정하여 실제 단단계법으로 거품형 찜 케이크를 만들어 물리적 특성을 측정하여 본 결과 실제 실험 값들은 예측된 값들과 유사한 수준의 결과를 보였다.

비선형을 고려한 파랑중 선체 운동과 강도 응답에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Response of the Motions and Strength of Ships in Waves taking account of Non-linerities)

  • 김창렬;김진안;김사수;홍봉기;배동명
    • 대한조선학회지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.51-66
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    • 1987
  • In this paper, the authors investigate theoretically the motion and longitudinal strength of ships among waves talking account of the effects of nonlinearities such as the hull shape, bottom emergence, and hydrodynamic impact. Incidentally the ship is treated as an elastic beam in heading wave condition regarding characteristics of slamming and whipping-according to the variation in the range of a quarter length of the ship forward and the increase of the elastic modes up to 4-th vibration mode were investigated by the present theory. Calculations are performed for 97m container ship and its validity is confirmed by a series of model tests. Conclusions obtained are as follows; 1) Acceleration and pressure estimated by the present theory are in good accordance with experiments. 2) The present non-linear theory may be applied for estimating longitudinal bending moment of ships in slamming and whipping conditions. 3) In investigation of the characteristic in response according to shape variation for parts under draft and vow-flare in the range of a quarter length of the ship forward, dynamic responses due to the former were much more conspicuous than those due to the later. 4) In the maximum bending moment, the considering case up to 2-the mode are larger, about $10{\sim}15%$, than that up to 4-th mode.

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우우 유청으로부터 분리한 $\alpha$-락트알부민의 기능적 특성 (Functional Properties of $\alpha$-Lactalbumin Separated from Bovine Whey)

  • 홍윤호
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.9-18
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    • 1998
  • This study was performed to obtain a large quantity of $\alpha$-lactalbumin ($\alpha$-LA) from milk by an improved separation and purification method. Functional properties-solubility viscosity, emulsifying activity, foamability surface hydrophobicity and gelation-of the purified $\alpha$-LA were investigated, $\alpha$-LA was purified in a large quantity by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography using 0.15M NaCl in 20mM Tris-HCl buffer(pH 7.2), as an eluent. The yield and purity of the purified $\alpha$-LA were 23.6%, 92.5%, respect-ively. The solubility viscosity and emulsifying activity of the purified $\alpha$-LA were 92.2$\pm$2% 3.46$\pm$0.19 cP and 345$\pm$5.0m^2$-/g respecively. The foamability of $\alpha$ -LA was 762 after 5min whipping which was lower than that of WPC and showed decreasing tendency with whipping time. The relative surface hydrophobicity of the $\alpha$-LA was formed when a 10% $\alpha$-LA solution containing 100mM NaCl and 20 mM $CaCl_2$ was heated at 92$^{\circ}C$for 40min. The $\alpha$-LA gel showed 31.5 as hardness and showed low springiness and cohesiveness.

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