• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2021

Duchamp chose readymades mainly for his denial of retinal painting and his desire and fluid thinking for changes inside him. His thinking is well presented in his readymade works. One of his early readymades, Bicycle Wheel, expresses correlations between beings and capital. Its essence is capital and the desire of beings. It is connected to Desire or Desire-Machine proposed as a social reform and creation model by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. Bicycle Wheel does not simply end in desire relations between capital and beings, though. When the desire of beings is converted into positive desire, it can keep inventing and creating something that is repetitive, fluid, and new. Duchamp tried to convey this positive desire through his readymade Fountain. Duchamp created a ready-made article toilet into a work of art in Fountain, being driven by desire flowing inside him. This is connected to the attributes of nomads that refused to settle down and continue to flow in search of new landscapes. This way of his thinking is clearly reflected in his Box in a Valise. He was motivated to create this work by his fluid thinking. In this work, various situations can unfold often according to the directions of two elements, place and arrangement. Here, place guarantees fluidity, and arrangement variability or desire. According to Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, fluidity represents nomads with the characteristics of flow and variation, and desire represents productivity or production or creation. Box in a Valise represents nomads themselves. The nomads defined by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari keep flowing and create a new world. They are in line with the thinking of Duchamp that refused to settle down at one place and escape from the old order to create a new artistic world. This type of nomads can be called revolutionists or creators that acknowledge differences and create. Nomads also contain the concept of resistance to the old order. Deleuze and Guattari proposed a war machine as a model of this resistance. Duchamp and his readymades can thus be called war machines.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.77-83
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• 2020

4WD technology is being actively applied to passenger cars. Therefore, dry multi-plate clutches are used for transfer cases. On the other hand, dry clutches have problems related to large vibrations and poor ride quality. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a multi-plate clutch with an MR fluid. When fastening the multi-plate clutch in the transfer case, the proposed MR clutch was applied to reduce the shock and friction, which is a key component in a four-wheel-drive system. MR multi-plate clutch has a fluid coupling mode and a compression mode. A torque model equation was derived for the optimal design. The analysis was performed using Ansys Maxwell to optimize the design parameters of the multi-plate clutch. Electromagnetic field analysis confirmed the strength of the magnetic field when the number of disks and plates were changed, and the maximum strength of the magnetic field was 0.45 Tesla. By applying this to the torque equation, the spacing between the plates was 2 mm, and the inner and outer diameters of the plates were selected to be 45 mm and 55 mm, respectively. Overall, this paper proposes an optimal design technique to maximize the performance of an MR multi-plate clutch.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2013

A scaled version of a roller rig is developed to demonstrate the dynamic characteristics of a railway vehicle for academic purposes. This rig is designed based on Jaschinski's similarity law. It is scaled to 1/10 of actual size and allows 9-DOF motion to examine the up and down vibration of a train set. The test rig consists of three sub-hardware components: (i) a driving roller mechanism with a three-phase AC motor and an inverter, (ii) a bogie structure with first and second suspensions, and (iii) the vehicle body. The motor of the rig is capable of 3,600rpm, allowing the test to simulate a vehicle up to a maximum speed of 400Km/hr. Because bearings and joints are properly connected to the sub-structures, various motion analyses, such as a lateral, pitching, and yawing motion, are allowed. The slip motion between the rail and the wheel set is also monitored by several sensors mounted in the rig. After the construction of the hardware, an experiment is conducted to obtain the natural frequencies of the dynamic behavior of the specimen. First, the test rig is run and data are collected from six sets of accelerometers. Then, a numerical analysis of the model based on the ADAMS program is derived. Finally, the measurement data of the first three fundamental frequencies are compared to the analytical result and the validation of the test rig is conducted. The results show that the developed roller rig provides good accuracy in simulating the dynamic behavior of the vehicle motion. Although the roller rig designed in this paper is intended for academia, it can easily be implemented as part of a dynamic experiment of a bogie and a vehicle body for a high-speed train as part of the research efforts in this area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.45-51
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of train-induced end rotation of simple supported track girder on the performance of a direct fixation track system (DFTS) in Yeongjong grand bridge. In this study, the influences of deflection of a DFTS and track girder on dynamic rail-track girder interaction forces for the track girder ends currently employed in airport express lines were assessed by performing field tests using actual vehicles running along the service lines. Therefore, the dynamic displacement of rail and track girder and the fastener stress on the center and ends sections of DFTS were measured for two different trains (AREX and KTX) running in Yeongjong grand bridge. A three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) model using the time-history function based on the design wheel load was used to predict the train-induced track and track girder displacement, and the FEA and field test results were compared. The analytical results reproduced the experimental results well within about 3-7% difference in the values. Therefore, the FEA model of DFTS on track girder is considered to provide sufficiently reliable FEA results in the investigation of the behavior of DFTS. Using the analytical and experimental results, the influence of train-induced end rotation of simple supported track girder on the interaction behavior of rail and track girder installed on a simple supported track girder ends, i.e., upward displacement of rail-track girder and the fastener stress, was investigated. It was found that the train-induced end rotation effect of track girder was not significantly affected by the upward displacement of rails and the fastener stresses of track girder ends. Further, the interaction behavior of rail and track girder were similar to or less than that of the general railway bridge deck ends, nevertheless the vertical displacement of track was higher than that of conventional DFTS on the general railway bridge. From the results, the dynamic responses of the DFTS on track girder ends were not significantly affected by the safety and stability of DFTS ends.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.79-95
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• 2021

This study aims to develop a restoration model of an armillary sphere of Tongcheon-ui (Pan-celestial Armillary Sphere) by referring to the records of Damheonseo (Hong Dae-Yong Anthology) and the artifact of an armillary sphere in the Korean Christian Museum of Soongsil University. Between 1760 and 1762, Hong, Dae-Yong (1731-1783) built Tongcheon-ui, with Na, Kyung-Jeok (1690-1762) designing the basic structure and Ann, Cheo-In (1710-1787) completing the assembly. The model in this study is a spherical body with a diameter of 510 mm. Tongcheon-ui operates the armillary sphere by transmitting the rotational power from the lantern clock. The armillary sphere is constructed in the fashion of a two-layer sphere: the outer one is Yukhab-ui that is fixed; and the inner one, Samsin-ui, is rotated around the polar axis. In the equatorial ring possessed by Samsin-ui, an ecliptic ring and a lunar-path ring are successively fixed and are tilted by 23.5° and 28.5° over the equatorial ring, respectively. A solar miniature attached to a 365-toothed inner gear on the ecliptic ring reproduces the annual motion of the Sun. A lunar miniature installed on a 114-toothed inner gear of the lunar-path ring can also replay the moon's orbital motion and phase change. By the set of 'a ratchet gear, a shaft and a spur gear' installed in the solstice-colure double-ring, the inner gears in the ecliptic ring and lunar-path ring can be rotated in the opposite direction to the rotation of Samsin-ui and then the solar and lunar miniatures can simulate their revolution over the period of a year and a month, respectively. In order to indicate the change of the moon phases, 27 pins were arranged in a uniform circle around the lunar-path ring, and the 29-toothed wheel is fixed under the solar miniature. At the center of the armillary sphere, an earth plate representing a world map is fixed horizontally. Tongcheon-ui is the armillary sphere clock developed by Confucian scholars in the late Joseon Dynasty, and the technical level at which astronomical clocks could be produced at the time is of a high standard.

• Journal of The Korean Society For Urban Railway
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2018

The safety interval to prevent collision between trains in a train control system is based on the braking distance according to the emergency braking of the train. The evaluation of the braking performance is based on the longitudinal train dynamics or the commissioning test in the test track, but since the conditions such as the weakening of the adhesion coefficient between the wheel and rail can not all be considered, these conventional methods are not sufficient to design of the train control systems. Therefore, in this study, the Monte Carlo Method (MCM) which can consider various environments is used to analyze braking performance and limitations. The braking model is based on the air braking used in the emergency braking and is modeled to take into account the braking pressure, efficiency, friction coefficient, adhesion condition, and vehicle mass distribution. It is confirmed that braking performance can be improved by controlling the quality of braking device. In addition, the change of the braking performance was confirmed according to the vehicle constituting the train. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic information for designing safety clearance for the train control systems and as a basis for improving the braking performance of railway vehicles.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2011

Since a distribution market was opened in 1993 after the conclusion of the Uruguay Round (UR), various new businesses emerged in the Korean retail industry, such as convenience shops, supermarkets, specialty stores, non-store marketing methods, and cyber shopping malls, in addition to traditional markets and department stores. Competition among these retail businesses has intensified. According to the National Statistical Office (NSO), the growth rate of the total retail industry has shown a 32% increase in the past 5 years. While department stores, supermarkets, specialty stores, and other non-store retailing venues have shown signs of stagnation at a growth rate of 20-30%, which is similar to the growth rate of the entire retail industry, convenience shops and non-store marketing have shown 60-70% growth over the same period. By comparison, the growth rate of cyber shopping malls has nearly tripled. When applying development aspects of retail businesses through the competition to the retail life cycle, mom-and-pop stores and traditional markets have already entered the decline phase as specialty stores reach their maturity phase and demonstrate their limit of growth. Department stores are now in the latter part of the growth phase, which is still considered to have some growth potential. Big super markets are still in the early part of their growth stage although they were introduced 20 years ago. Meanwhile, retail businesses such as convenience stores, supermarkets, mail order houses, and warehouse stores are entering the middle growth phase and are expected to continue with their quantitative growth. At a time when most retail businesses in Korea are in a state of development or in the full growth stage, what kind of new innovative retailing will appear and develop? Moreover, what growth engine will drive it? This study analyzes the appearance of innovative retailing and its development process by establishing a discussable consumer's choice model through the interlocking mutual behavior of differentiated competitiveness and consumers' choice based on an awareness of this issue. The analysis of the results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, if a new vacuum zone emerges at the retail market level, innovative retailing such as low price/low service or high price/high service will emerge simultaneously. Second, if the number of new businesses in the vacuum zone increases, this will create competitiveness among the businesses, and each retailer will develop raising of level. Third, if a new business that raises the level develops, competition between the new and the existing retailer will occur, and an assimilation process between the existing retailing and the new retailing will be unfolded. Fourth, each retailing will promote distribution innovations in order to break the frontier of the existing distribution technology, and other retailing will follow the innovator. On the basis of an analysis of the abovementioned results, this study presents the following three suggestions. First, responding to the consumer's decision-making process on the attributes of retail shops that promote differentiation in strategies, this study established a consumer's choice model that can be discussed in relation to changes in market share. Second, this study provided an analysis of the emerging and developmental processes of innovative retail businesses using a more precise logical structure on the basis of the consumer's choice model described in this study. Third, the development process of retail businesses discussed in this study presented retailing solutions regarding management aspects on how to compose a strong retail mix that can help retail businesses gain competitive advantages in the market.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

A comparative study between a computation and an experiment has been conducted to predict the performance of a Pod type waterjet for cm amphibious wheeled vehicle. The Pod type waterjet has been chosen on the basis of the required specific speed of more than 2500. As the Pod type waterjet is an extreme type of axial flow type waterjet, theoretical as well as experimental works about Pod type waterjets are very rare. The main purpose of the present study is to validate and compare to the experimental results of the Pod type waterjet with the developed CFD in-house code based on the RANS equations. The developed code has been validated by comparing with the experimental results of the well-known turbine problem. The validation also extended to the flush type waterjet where the pressures along the duct surface and also velocities at nozzle area have been compared with experimental results. The Pod type waterjet has been designed and the performance of the designed waterjet system including duct, impeller and stator was analyzed by the previously mentioned m-house CFD Code. The pressure distributions and limiting streamlines on the blade surfaces were computed to confirm the performance of the designed waterjets. In addition, the torque and momentum were computed to find the entire efficiency and these were compared with the model test results. Measurements were taken of the flow rate at the nozzle exit, static pressure at the various sections along the duct and also the nozzle, revolution of the impeller, torque, thrust and towing forces at various advance speed's for the prediction of performance as well as for comparison with the computations. Based on these measurements, the performance was analyzed according to the ITTC96 standard analysis method. The full-scale effective and the delivered power of the wheeled vehicle were estimated for the prediction of the service speed. This paper emphasizes the confirmation of the ITTC96 analysis method and the developed analysis code for the design and analysis of the Pod type waterjet system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.254-279
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• 2012

This research aims to suggest a practical solution in order to make marriage immigrant women free from violence and stand on their own. The suggestion could be made by developing Substantive theory in terms of marriage immigrant women's coping with domestic violence. The research question is; How marriage immigrant women cope with domestic violence. The research used a route theory approach, and 11 of marriage immigrant women who have ever suffered from domestic violence participated in it. The research question used semi-structured open questions. As a result of paradigm model analysis, "mental and physical devastation" is defined as a core phenomenon, and causative conditions are "wheel of pain" and "helpless victims of violence". Besides, context conditions are "period growth with solitariness", "irrational marriage" and "indifferent reality". "Mental and physical devastation", the core phenomenon act and interact with effect of mediatory conditions; which are "social help", "cultural difference" and "helplessness". Here the action and reaction appear as "adaptation", "resistance", "self-protection" and "self-reinforcement", and the outcomes show up as "maintaining reality", "decision making" and "beginning a new life". "Coping with mental and physical devastation and standing on one's own feet" could be introduced as a core category. Process of coping with domestic violence presents its levels as; shocks ${\rightarrow}$ endurance ${\rightarrow}$ regret ${\rightarrow}$ overcoming. There are three patterns of coping, which are; "preserving realities", "returning", and "groping for the future".

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.723-732
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• 2001

In this paper, the neurofuzzy controller of optically guided AGV is proposed to improve the path-tracking performance A differential steered AGV has front-side and rear-side optical sensors, which can identify the guiding path. Due to the discontinuity of measured data in optical sensors, optically guided AGVs break away easily from the guiding path and path-tracking performance is being degraded. Whenever the On/Off signals in the optical sensors are generated discontinuously, the motion errors can be measured and updated. After sensing, the variation of motion errors can be estimated continuously by the dead reckoning method according to left/right wheel angular velocity. We define the estimated contour error as the sum of the measured contour in the sensing error and the estimated variation of contour error after sensing. The neurofuzzy system consists of incorporating fuzzy controller and neural network. The center and width of fuzzy membership functions are adaptively adjusted by back-propagation learning to minimize th estimated contour error. The proposed control system can be compared with the traditional fuzzy control and decision system in their network structure and learning ability. The proposed control strategy is experience through simulated model to check the performance.