• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2009

In order to analyze the consciousness of the general public toward wetland conservation issues, three hundred people, chosen to reflect a representative sample of the issues, including the general public and stakeholders of wetlands in Korea, were questioned for a one month period from September 5th, 2007. With regard to a question about the current level of wetland conservation in Korea, only 9.7 percent of the survey group answered that it has been adequately conserved. This suggests that there is a strong need to reform existing policies and management frameworks pertaining to wetland conservation. While the stakeholders recognized the public values derived from wetlands very well, 58.8 percent of the general public did not understand the values at all. This suggests that increased and systematic education and public relations programs for wetlands and their public values should be launched, especially for the general public. With regard to the effects brought about by levels of wetland conservation, 83.2 percent of the survey group answered that wetland conservation was very important for both the natural environment and development of Korea, while 63.5 percent of the group answered that it was very important for themselves and their family. Surprisingly, 85.1 percent of the survey group said a wetland should be conserved, even though there are no direct economic benefits from doing so. With all these survey results, the general public in Korea thinks that wetlands are an important and precious public asset which should be passed to the next generation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.683-696
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• 2023

The conservation of wetland ecosystems has a significant role in climate change. Notably, the Han River Protected Area, including the Siam-ri wetland and Janghang wetland, provides high biodiversity value. Thus, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the function and value of wetland ecosystems. This study evaluated the ecosystem services of Siam-ri and Janghang Wetlands located in the Han River Protected Area using the Rapid Assessment Wetland Ecosystem Services approach, a function-oriented ecosystem analysis. The results were calculated using the Ecosystem Services Index formula to analyze wetland ecosystem services. We also assessed the key ecosystem services based on a focus group interview. We identified that the supporting and cultural services index scores were relatively high in the study area. The results can provide helpful information for sustainable wetland conservation, conservation planning as primary data, and raising awareness for the Han River Protected Area.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.589-603
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop a integrated(fusion) utilization model aimed at maximizing the development/management functions of urban estuarine area and to present an integrated concept by analyzing the existing document and data. The main points of this study are as follows: 1) The integrated utilization model suggested in this paper goes beyond the existing idea of sustainable utilization and conservation, putting an emphasis on rational decision-making in estuary management and peaceful coexistence between human and nature. 2) Policies for utilization/development/conservation/regeneration of urban estuarine area include the establishment of communication system between human and nature and a safety net considering both human and nature, the support for environment-friendly community development and the importance of preserving valuable ecosystem and wetland habitat. 3) Lastly, this study suggested that the major tasks for the fusion utilization model development are the integrated management of estuary areas, the conservation and preservation of wetland ecosystem, proper utilization of estuary's productivity, and the introduction and action plans of the integrated management model including the best way to address contamination and disaster management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.167-177
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• 2015

This study was conducted to establish an inventory and propose conservation strategies for 'village wetlands' in Asan city, Korea, using GIS. As results, the village wetlands are defined as such places as 'palustrine' wetland, village embankment, agricultural reservoir or small reservoirs located in or near the village and related to everyday life or farming. Firstly 807 provisional village wetlands(draft) were identified in Asan by using Arc-GIS 10.1, then 196 wetlands(final) were defined finally as village wetlands and listed the inventory of Asan Village Wetlands after being validated through office works and field survey. The office works analyzed minimum area(greater than $625m^2$), satellite images, the Korea Land Information System, land use map and land coverage map. To evaluate the function and conservation values, the 37 wetlands were selected for detailed surveying and function assessment based on the following criteria : 1) doubled code both wetland and reservoir at digital map, 2) located less than 100m from village and 3) ecologically connected to such ecological resources as seaside mudflats, mountains and green area and ecological passages for small size wildlifes. As the result of the wetland function assessments by the RAM method, 7 wetlands were found to have 'high' wetland function (conservation) 18 wetlands were 'medium' (enhancement) and 12 wetlands were 'low' (restoration or enhancement). Enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services through ecological management of wetlands in Asan and connecting with the Ecological Natural Degree were proposed.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.209-223
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• 2007

Twenty-four wetlands located in Higashi-Hiroshima City in West Japan were selected for this study in order to investigate both the relationship between aquatic plant composition and environmental conditions; and the relationship between changing land use patterns in the catchments and the concentration of different forms of nitrogen in the wetlands. The dominant and subdominant species which comprised the principal vegetation were determined based on a vegetation census conducted in each wetland during the growing season from June to August, 2006. The seasonal variations of water quality factors (pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid, and temperature) and different forms of nitrogen such as nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, total nitrogen, dissolved organic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations were analyzed as important indicators of water quality for the surface water of the wetlands. The surveyed wetlands were classified into three types (non-disturbed wetlands, moderately-disturbed wetlands and highly-disturbed wetlands), based on the degree of human disturbance to their catchment areas. An analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant difference among the wetland groups in the annual mean values of electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total nitrogen, nitrite, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved organic nitrogen. Classification of the wetlands into three groups has revealed a pattern of changes in the composition of plant species in the wetlands and a pattern of changes in nitrogen concentrations. A majority of the non-disturbed wetlands were characterized by Brasenia schrebi and Trapa bispinosa as dominant; with Potamogeton fryeri and Iris pesudacorus as sub-dominant species. For most of the moderately-disturbed wetlands, Brasenia schrebi were shown to be a dominant species; Elocheriss kuriguwai and Phragmites australis were observed as sub-dominant species. For a majority of the highly-disturbed wetlands, Typha latifolia and T. angustifolia were observed as dominant species, and Nymphea tetragona as the sub-dominant species in the study area. An analysis of land use and water quality factors indicated that forest area played a considerable role in reducing the concentration of nutrients, and can act as a sink for surface/subsurface nutrient inputs flowing into wetland water, anchor the soil, and lower erosion rates into wetlands.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.162-162
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• 2022

Stormwater management is an essential component of land-use planning and development. Due to the additional challenges posed by climate change and urbanization, various stormwater management schemes have been developed to limit flood damages and ease water quality concerns. Nature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly used as cost-effective measures to manage stormwater runoff from various land uses. Specifically, constructed wetlands were already considered as socially acceptable green stormwater infrastructures that are widely used in different countries. There is a large collection of published literature regarding the effectiveness or efficiency of constructed wetlands in treating stormwater runoff; however, metadata analyses using bibliographic information are very limited or seldomly explored. This study was conducted to determine the trends of publication regarding stormwater treatment wetlands using a bibliometric analysis approach. Moreover, the research productivity of various countries, authors, and institutions were also identified in the study. The Web of Science (WoS) database was utilized to retrieve bibliographic information. The keywords ("constructed wetland*" OR "treatment wetland*" OR "engineered wetland*" OR "artificial wetland*") AND ("stormwater*" or "storm water*") were used to retrieve pertinent information on stormwater treatment wetlands-related publication from 1990 up to 2021. The network map of keyword co-occurrence map was generated through the VOSviewer software and the contingency matrices were obtained using the Cortext platform (www.cortext.net). The results obtained from this inquiry revealed the areas of research that have been adequately explored by past studies. Furthermore, the extensive collection of published scientific literature enabled the identification of existing knowledge gaps in the field of stormwater treatment wetlands.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.120-132
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• 2021

The ecosystem and landscape conservation areas of Seoul were designated according to the Natural Environment Conservation Act and the Natural Environment Conservation Ordinance. With the adoption of the "Rapid Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Service (RAWES)" approach and the "wetland ecosystem service" for the Ramsar Wetland City Accreditation at the 13th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in 2018, the need for data evaluating wetland ecosystem services has become a necessity. Therefore, in this study, we selected five wetlands from the ecosystem and landscape conservation areas in Seoul, having high ecological conservation values, and evaluated their carbon sequestration and economic value assessment using the InVEST model, which is an ecosystem service evaluation technique. The evaluation results for carbon storage in each wetland are as follows: Tancheon Wetland: 3,674.62 Mg; Bamseom Island in the Hangang River: 1,511.57 Mg; Godeok-dong Wetland: 5,007.21 Mg; Amsa-dong Wetland: 7,108.47 Mg; and Yeouido Wetland: 290.27 Mg. Particularly, the Tancheon Wetland showed the lowest carbon sequestration of 1,130.37 Mg, as compared to the results acquired in 2013, of 4,804.99 Mg. When the average effective carbon rate of $16.06 (US) was applied to the decreased carbon sequestration value, a loss of $15,910.58(US) was calculated. Furthermore, if the average social cost of carbon ($204 (US)) is considered, which includes the impact of climate change on productivity and ecosystems, the total loss is equivalent to $202,101.97 (US). This study aims to examine the natural resource value of urban wetlands by evaluating selected major wetlands in Seoul. This study can be utilized as basic data to plan for the protection and management of the ecosystem and landscape conservation areas. Additionally, because wetland value assessment is considered essential, the results of this study can be used in future research to provide measures for evaluating ecosystem services in the Ramsar Wetland City Certification System. Moreover, this study can be utilized for selecting important wetlands as Ramsar sites, and to raise awareness about the significance of conserving urban wetlands, and for expanding international exchange among the Ramsar Wetland sites.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.354-366
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• 2022

To analyze the distribution of plant communities growing in river wetlands and the relationship between biotic and abiotic environmental factors, plant communities and environmental factors were investigated in river wetlands in the Boseong River. The Boseong River Wetland, the research site, consists of Hwapyeong Wetland, Bangujeong Wetland, and Seokgok Wetland. From June to September 2022, a plant community survey was conducted from the perspective of physiognomical vegetation, and the coverage of the emerging species followed the Braun-Blanquet scale. Plant species and the coverage of each species were recorded in the quadrant for plant community survey, and the cover of the quadrant, the total number of species, and the number of exotic species were measured as biological factors. As abiotic factors, altitude, orientation, inclination, soil texture, litter layer depth, dominant species diameter at breast height, and topography were recorded. In a total of 50 square plots, the most common Salix koreensis and Phragmites japonicus communities were found, and the community with the highest Shannon species diversity index was Phragmites japonicus-Echinochloa caudata community. As a result of ordination analysis by DCCA, the most significant clusters were separated according to topographic factors such as leeve, leeve slope, upper floodplain, lower floodplain, upper waterside, middle waterside, lower waterside, river island and opem water. As rare plants that need to be preserved in river wetlands, Hydrocharis dubia and Penthorum chinense were found in lower waterside, and it was found that the management of the river in the reservoir is necessary in line with the topographical distribution of ecosystem-disrupting plants, such as Paspalum distichum var. indutum.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2021

This study aims to classify the plant communities of the Gudam wetland, a riparian wetland in Nakdong River basin, and to identify the characteristics of the communities according to the veritical structure to prepare management plan. In the Gudam wetland, a total of 19 plant communities were found through physiognomical vegetation, and were analyzed by dividing into tree dominant community, shrub dominant community, and herbaceous dominant community according to the vertical structure. When examining the results of the community characteristics analysis, the species diversity index was the highest in the tree dominant communities but there was concern about a decrease in species diversity due to the influx of exotic plants such as Sicyos angulatus. The shrub dominant community tended to have a biased species diversity index on shrub plants. The herbaceous dominant communities ware divided into wetland herbaceous communities and dryland herbaceous communities according to the species diversity index, and measures were needed to reduce the species diversity index due to artificial disturbances. The importance value was the highest in the arboreal Salix genus in the tree dominant communities, and the exotic plants such as Amorpha fruticosa were the highest in the shrub dominant communities. In the herbaceous dominant communities, wetland herbaceous plants such as Phragmites japonicus were high. As a result of the analysis according to ordination the tree dominant communities and shrub dominant communities were differentiated by exotic plant factors, and the herbaceous dominant communities were differentiated by hierarchy number and slope.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.190-208
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• 2016

This study was carried out to understand the spatial distribution and conservation, restoration plan for vegetation in the Hwaeom wetland protected area. Total 29 phytosociological releves consisted of 117 plant species (unidentified species contained) was made during field studies conducted at 2008 and 2013 applying Braun-Branquet method. The collected vegetations were arranged 8 plant communities and thus divided hydric types (Drosera rotundifolia-Eleocharis congesta community, Carex forficula-Molinia japonica community) and xeric types (Miscanthus sinensis community, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense community, Tripterygium regelii community, Carex gifuensis-Quercus mongolica community) under moisture conditions. The hydric types growing in hydric conditions distributed along hollowed out ground or the water channel that have a key qualification to protect. In the wetland protected area, the hydric vegetation types were mostly covered about 3.8% and the xeric types dominating by Miscanthus sinensis were most wildly distributed about 51.5%. Various woody plant species invaded the place. In 2008, invasion plants observed with total 14 species - 8 tree species (227 individual), 6 shrub species (51 individual) and alders (Aluns japonica) found in 2013. We suggested finding out that the sustainable conservation and management in Hwaeom wetland should be setting up plan focused on activity and variability such as continuous monitoring (changing vegetation types, spatial distribution, invasion plants) and zonation management (core zone, buffer zone, transition zone).