• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1425-1434
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• 2008

The study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of feed additives on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and performance of lambs fed diets containing 60% wet brewers grains (WBG). In Experiment 1, two simultaneous trials were conducted. Fifty intact ($20.2{\pm}0.8kg\;BW$) lambs were used in a feedlot trial and 10 (rumen cannulated; $32{\pm}1kg\;BW$) in a digestion trial. The pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia-N in lambs were also estimated. Lambs were randomly assigned to one of five diets: i) without additives (Con), ii) with 1% bicarbonate (Bic), iii) with 1% bentonite (Ben), iv) with 33 mg/kg monensin (Mon) and v) with 200 mg/kg fibrolityc enzymes (Enz). In Experiment 2, 120 RambouilletPelibuey intact male lambs ($19.5{\pm}1.5kg\;BW$) were used in a feedlot trial and randomly assigned to four diets: i) without additives (control), ii) with 1% Bic, iii) with 33 mg/kg Mon and iv) with 1% Bic and 33 mg/kg Mon. In Experiment 1, lambs fed diets containing Bic or Mon had significantly higher final weight, DMI, ADG than other lambs. However, apparent DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF digestibilities and ruminal individual VFA content were similar (p>0.05) among treatments. Conversely, treatmentcollection period interaction was significant for ruminal pH and NH3. In Experiment 2, lambs fed diets containing a Bic and Mon combination had significantly higher final weight, DMI and ADG. It is concluded lambs fed Bic or Mon or Bic and Mon combination had better performance characteristics than lambs on Ben or Enz.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.341-351
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• 2017

This study evaluates a cleaning method to maintain and minimize the change of blood soil for the selective removal of stains from textiles with historical significance and special meaning. Cotton and silk fabrics were soiled with blood, aged artificially and then washed by wet cleaning or dry cleaning (water, nonionic surfactant; Triton, natural surfactant; saponin, organic solvent; n-Decane). The washed fabrics were stored at room temperature for four years. The change of the blood soil was evaluated by SEM, weight, thickness, and color differences. Subsequently, the shape and the amount of blood adsorption on the fabric varied depending on fiber type and fabric structure characteristics; in addition, long term storage affected changes to blood soil. It was difficult to remove artificially aged blood soil from fabrics by wet or dry cleaning. However, the changes of the blood soil by these cleanings can be explained by the changes on SEM, weight, thickness and fabric color. The changes (especially color) showed over time. Wet cleaning showed that the changes of those factors were slightly lower than those by dry cleaning.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2017

In this study, the strength properties of alkali-activated silica fume (SF) mortars were investigated. The crushed limestone sand with maximum size of 0-5 mm and the sodium meta silicate ($Na_2SiO_3$) used to activate the binders were kept constant in the mortar mixtures. The mortar specimens using the replacement ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% SF by weight of cement together with $Na_2SiO_3$ at a constant rate were produced in addition to the control mortar produced by only cement. Moreover, the mortar specimens using the replacement ratio of 4% titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) by weight of cement in the same mixture proportions were produced. The prismatic specimens produced from eleven different mixtures were de-moulded after a day, and the wet or dry cure was applied on the produced specimens at laboratory condition until the specimens were used for flexural strength ($f_{fs}$) and compressive strength ($f_c$) measurement at the ages of 7, 28 and 56 days. The $f_{fs}$ and $f_c$ values of mortars applied the wet or dry cure were compared with the results of control mortar. The findings revealed that the $f_c$ results of the alkali activated 50% SF mortars were higher than that of mortar produced with Portland cement only. It was found that the $f_{fs}$ and $f_c$ of alkali-activated SF mortars cured in dry condition was averagely 4% lower than that of alkali-activated SF mortars cured in wet condition.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1776-1780
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• 2011

소금의 종류를 달리하여 생면을 제조하여 중량, 부피, 수분흡수율, 탁도, pH, 조직감, 관능평가를 실시하였다. 중량, 부피, 수분흡수율은 소금을 첨가(2%)한 것이 소금을 첨가하지 않은 조리면과 비교하여 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 탁도는 죽염, 구운소금, 제간수 천일염이 각각 0.484, 0.489, 0.489로 정제염 조리면이 0.508로 나타난 것과 비교하여 감소하였다. 소금의 종류 별 소금물과 조리 전 생면, 조리국물의 pH를 측정한 결과는 소금물의 pH가 알칼리에 가까웠던 죽염, 구운소금, 천일염이 조리 전 생면과 조리국물의 pH에서도 높게 나타났다. 소금의 종류를 달리하여 생면을 제조하여 조리 후 rheometer에 의한 기계적 조직감을 측정한 결과 소금을 첨가한 경우는 그렇지 않은 경우보다 탄력성, 응집성, 씹힘성은 증가시켰으며, 소금 종류별 조직감에서는 특히, 죽염, 구운소금, 천일염이 탄력성과 응집성을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 조리면의 관능검사결과는 외관, 향, 맛, 조직감, 전체적인 기호도를 평가하였으며, 죽염이 조리 후 면의 외관, 냄새, 조직감, 전체적인 기호도에서 가장 높은 평가를 받았다. 본 연구 결과, 생면의 제조 시 소금의 첨가는 생면의 품질 및 관능을 우수하게 하는 역할을 하며, 특히, 소금 종류에서는 죽염($1{\times}$)이 중량, 수분흡수율, 조직감, 관능평가에서 가장 우수하게 나타났다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.2154-2161
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• 2014

Growth analysis and selection of sea cucumbers (Stichopus japonicas) is typically performed through length or weight measurements. However, because sea cucumbers continuously change shape depending on the external environment, weight measurement has been the preferred approach. Weight measurements require extensive time and labor, moreover it is often difficult to accurately weigh sea cucumbers because of their wet surface. The present study measured sea cucumber features, including the body length, width, and thickness, by using a vision system and regression analysis to generate $R^2$ values that were used to develop a weight estimation algorithm. The $R^2$ value between the actual volume and weight of the sea cucumbers was 0.999, which was relatively high. Evaluation of the performance of this algorithm using cross-validation showed that the root mean square error and worst-case prediction error were 1.434 g and ${\pm}5.879g$, respectively. In addition, the present study confirmed that the proposed weight estimation algorithm and single slide rail device for weight measurement can measure weights at approximately 4,500 sea cucumbers per hour.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of DHEA with dexamethasone on body weight and wet weight and relative weight of atrophied hindlimb muscles induced by dexamethasone treatment. $200{\sim}225g$ Wistar rats were divided into control(C), dexamethasone(D), dexamethasone and DHEA(DDH) groups. Dexamethasone was injected daily at a dose of 5mg/kg. DHEA was administered daily at a dose of 5mg/kg by oral ingestion during 7days. The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test using the SPSSWIN 9.0 program. Body weight and muscle weight of plantaris and gastrocnemius of dexamethasone group decreased significantly compared with that of control group. Muscle weight of plantaris of DDH group increased significantly compared with dexamethasone group. Body weight of DDH group decreased significantly compared to control group, but relative weight of plantaris and gastrocnemius of DDH group increased significantly compared to control group. Based on these results, it can be suggested that DHEA administration during dexamethasone treatment can be suggested that DHEA administration during dexamethasone treatment can increase weight of atrophied plantaris muscle induced by dexamethasone treatment.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2003

본 연구는 도심지역인 서울시청 부근과 공단 지역인 안산 반월 공단지역 내에 서식하는 비둘기를 대상으로 중금속 농도의 차이가 번식 경과에 미치는 영향을 파악 하고자 수행하였다. 조사 결과, 서울지역의 비둘기의 알 내용물 및 성조의 뼈 조직 중 납 농도가 각각 평균 1.64 ug wet $g^{-1}$, 29.5 ug wet $g^{-1}$으로 안산 공단지역의 1.13 ug wet $g^{-1}$, 10.5 ug wet $g^{-1}$ 보다 높게 검출되었고(p< 0.05), 카드뮴 농도는 서울지역의 성조의 간과 신장 조직에서 각각 평균 1.05 ug wet $g^{-1}$ 0.24 ug wet $g^{-1}$으로 안산 공단지역의 0.43 ug wet $g^{-1}$, 0.14 ug wet$g^{-1}$에 비하여 높은 농도가 검출되었다(p<0.05). 한배산란수의 경우, 서울지역의 경우 1.9개, 안산 공단지역은 2.0개로 비슷한 수준이었으며, 알의 크기(장경, 단경, 두께)도 두 지역간에 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 조사되었다(p>0.05). 또한 포란 기간은 서울, 안산 지역에서 각각 평균 17.8일, 17.4일로 비슷한 수준으로 나타났고, 새끼의 성장률은 부척, 날개, 체중 등을 측정하였으며 두 지역간에 비슷한 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났다(p>0.05). 번식 성공률의 경우, 서울 지역은 부화율, 이소율이 각각 65.2, 42.1%, 안산 공단지역은 60.7, 45.0%로 두 지역간의 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 조사되었다(p> 0.05). 이러한 두 지역간 중금속 농도의 차이는 번식 경과 및 새끼의 성장률에 영향을 미칠 정도의 유의한 차이는 아니라고 판단된다.conicoides(: Brigantedinium simplex), Gonyaulax spp.(: Spiniferites spp.). 본 연구에서 퇴적물 시료의 타가영양 와편모조류 시스트 농도가 가장 높은 정점과 표층 해수 시료의 규조류 현존량이 가장 높은 정점이 일치하였다. 이는 부영양화로 인해 영양염류가 증가한 해역에서 규조류가 많이 증식하고, 뒤이어 이를 먹이로 하는 타가영양 와편모조류도 증식함에 따라, 많은 양의 타가영양 와편모조류 시스트가 퇴적물에 집적되는 현상이 장기간에 걸쳐 진행된 결과로 생각된다 앞으로 해역의 부영양화와 퇴적물의 타가영양 와편모조류 시스트와의 관계를 보다 명확하게 규명하기 위해서는,표층수의 식물플랑크톤과 퇴적물의 와편모조류 시스트에 대한 장기간 모니터링에 따른 연속적 인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.형 동물플랑크톤 각 군집의 생물량은 유종 섬모충류를 제외하고는 조석에 의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 표층부터 저층까지 합산한 미소형 및 소형 동물플랑크톤의 탄소량은 124~l,635 mgC $m^{-}$$^2$/(평균: 585$\pm$110 mgC $m^{-2}$ )로 분포하였으며, 3월과 5월에 가장 높게 나타났다. 미소형 및 소형 동물플랑크톤 중에서 부유 섬모충류가 가장 우점하는 그룹으로 나타났으며, 전체 미소형 및 소형 동물플랑크톤의 평균 42.3%를 기여 하였다. 미소형 및 소형 동물플랑크톤에 대한 각각의 그룹들의 상대적인 기여도는 미소형 및 소형 동물플랑크톤의 군집구조와 계절에 따라 다르게 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 경기만 표영 생태계서 미소형 및 소형 동물플랑크톤의 군집구조는 식물플랑크톤의 크기별 분포 양상과 유사한 경향을 보였으며, 이 결과는 미소형 및 소형 동물플랑크톤과 식물플랑크톤 간에 피식-포식자의 관계가

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.537-545
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• 2007

The heavy metal removal capacity of filamentous green alga Cladophora sp. cultured together with wet-mixed solidified soil (loess) was tested. A Cladophora sp. was cultured for 5d, with added Chu No. 10 medium, in stream water contaminated by high concentration of heavy metals from a closed mine effluent. Heavy metal ion concentrations of the medium and in algal tissue were measured every day during the experiment. Dissolved metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) in medium were rapidly removed (over 90% elimination) within 1-2d when alga and loess were added. Dissolved heavy metals dropped by only 10% when algae were cultured without loess. The Cladophora sp. accumulated much more heavy metals when cultured with loess than when the alga was cultured alone. Cladophora sp. exhibited a maximum uptake capacity for Al ($17,000{\mu}g^{-1}$ algal dry weight). The metal bioremoval capacities of the algae were in the order Al, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Cd. The heavy metal removal capacity of Cladophora sp. showed significant increases when wet-mixed solidified soil was added to culture media.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2015

The present work explores the potential of wet air oxidation (WAO) for pretreatment of mixed lignocellulosic biomass to enhance enzymatic convertibility. Rice husk and wheat straw mixture (1:1 mass ratio) was used as a model mixed lignocellulosic biomass. Post-WAO treatment, cellulose recovery in the solid fraction was in the range of 86% to 99%, accompanied by a significant increase in enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose present in the solid fraction. The highest enzymatic conversion efficiency, 63% (by weight), was achieved for the mixed biomass pretreated at $195^{\circ}C$, 5 bar, 10 minutes compared to only 19% in the untreated biomass. The pretreatment under the aforesaid condition also facilitated 52% lignin removal and 67% hemicellulose solubilization. A statistical design of experiments on WAO process conditions was conducted to understand the effect of process parameters on pretreatment, and the predicted responses were found to be in close agreement with the experimental data. Enzymatic hydrolysis experiments with WAO liquid fraction as diluent showed favorable results with sugar enhancement up to $10.4gL^{-1}$.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.698-704
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• 1999

Li rich Li1+xMn2-xO4(x=0.07) spinel powders were prepared by an oxalate precipitation of wet chemical methods at temperature lower than $600^{\circ}C$. The FTIR results showed that the powders prepared at $600^{\circ}C$ had high degree of crystal quality comparing with the spinel powders prepared by solid state reaction at 75$0^{\circ}C$ which was the lowest synthesis temperature of the solid state reaction method. The particle size of powders prepared by the oxalate precipitation at $600^{\circ}C$ was smaller than 0.2${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and the specific surface area was 11.01 m2/g A heat treatment over 90$0^{\circ}C$ formed second phase in the precipitates. It was shown that there were phase transitions at temperatures. T1,T2 and T2. The transitions involved weight loss and gain during heating and cooling. The low temperature synthesis below $600^{\circ}C$ avoided the second phase formation and the prepared powders showed improved compositional and physical properties for secondary lithium battery applications.