• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.378-392
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• 2017

Teacher quality is a topic of international concern, as it impacts student learning and teacher preparation. This study compared the undergraduate secondary science teacher preparation programs from two universities in Korea with those of Oregon, USA. We examined the programs' structural curricular coherence, conceptual curricular coherence, and curricular balance. Structural curricular coherence was determined by examining the overarching goals of the institutions' programs, the organization of the programs of study in terms of meeting those goals, and outside bodies of evidence. All universities were in structural coherence for various reasons. Conceptual curricular coherence was determined by examining students' perceptions of the connection between their preparation and their clinical practice. In case of Korea, most students from both universities were not satisfied with their practical preparation. In the US, the students from both institutions felt well prepared to transition to inservice teaching. To determine curricular balance, we examined the institutions' preparation programs looking at the credit hours taken in the four main areas of the teacher knowledge base: GPK (General Pedagogical Knowledge), SMK (Subject Matter Knowledge), PCK (Pedagogical Content Knowledge), and CK (Contextual Knowledge). The total credit hours taken in each category was very similar by country but the application and field component in the USA was far greater than those of Korea where the focus was heavily on SMK and PCK. The main reason for these may be the nations' licensing and employment processes.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2018

Liquiritigenin (LQ) is a flavonoid that can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza radix. It is frequently used as a tranditional oriental medicine herbal treatment for swelling and injury and for detoxification. However, the effects of LQ on cognitive function have not been fully explored. In this study, we evaluated the memory-enhancing effects of LQ and the underlying mechanisms with a focus on the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) in mice. Learning and memory ability were evaluated with the Y-maze and passive avoidance tests following administration of LQ. In addition, the expression of NMDAR subunits 1, 2A, and 2B; postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95); phosphorylation of $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII); phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2); and phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding (CREB) proteins were examined by Western blot. In vivo, we found that treatment with LQ significantly improved memory performance in both behavioral tests. In vitro, LQ significantly increased NMDARs in the hippocampus. Furthermore, LQ significantly increased PSD-95 expression as well as CaMKII, ERK, and CREB phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Taken together, our results suggest that LQ has cognition enhancing activities and that these effects are mediated, in part, by activation of the NMDAR and CREB signaling pathways.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.31-56
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• 2000

A purpose of this study is to study on Rene Descartes's mind-body theory in medical aspect. Though Rene Descartes was not so much a doctor as a philosopher, he had health and medical science at heart. When he came into the world in 1596, he was in poor health. Therefore, he suffered from his bad health. Descartes's ideas absolutely colored Western thought for three hundred years, especially, his mind-body theory, mechanistic life-view, and reductionism had important effect on medical study and science of public health. As a rule, we know that his mind-body theory was applicable to mind-body dualism, and his mind-body dualism was connected with biomedical model of medicine. But by this study, his mind-body theory was not only mind-body dualism but also mind-body monoism. And he asserted mind-body interaction too. In other words, he advocated mind-body dualism in scientific aspect, but he knew mind-body monoism from his experence. He confessed this fact to Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia, he wrote mind-body interaction in $\boxDr$Discours de la methode$\boxUl$, $\boxDr$Meditationes de prima philosophia$\boxUl$, and $\boxDr$Traite des passions de 1'ame$\boxUl$ etc. However, only mind-body dualism of his mind-body theories was written in our medical text book, morever mental realm was excluded from the persuit of learning Descartes advocated a mechanistic world-view and mechanistic life-view, he regarded human body as a machine part. And a paticent corresponds to a troubled machine, a doctor deserves a repairman. But this point of view made holistic understanding of man impossible. Descartes divide the whole into basic building blocks, we named the approach Reductionism. Reductionism led to ontological concept in medical science, bacteriology established 'specific cause-specific disease-specific therapy'. We examined medical influence of Descartes's thought, we need to draw out a philosophic basis of medical science and science of public health by a close study of his records.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2010

최근 여러 인터넷 서비스 업체에서 온라인 의료 진단 서비스 시스템을 제공하고 있다. 대부분 의료 진단 서비스 시스템은 서양 의학을 기초로 질병에 대한 처방이나 식이요법 등을 제공하기 때문에 전문 지식이 부족한 일반인들은 이용하기에 큰 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 퍼지 ART 알고리즘을 적용하여 한국인 고유의 신체적 특성에 맞는 한의학 기반의 한방 자가 진단 시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 한방 자가 진단 시스템은 사용자가 제시한 증상과 이전에 진단 받았던 진료 기록을 바탕으로 이미 학습되어진 질병의 증상과 비교하여 신경망을 통해 유사도가 높은 상위 3개의 질병을 도출한다. 또한 상위 3개의 질병에 대해 질병의 전체적인 증상과 한의학 서적에서 제시한 민간요법을 제시한다. 질병과 증상에 대한 데이터베이스는 여러 한의학 서적을 통해 구축한 후 한의학 전문의의 검증을 거쳐 구현하였다. 제안된 한방 자가 진단 시스템은 진료 기록을 바탕으로 학습함으로써 기존의 질병 진단 시스템 보다 정확하게 질병을 진단한 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2007

The materials on the development of modern architecture in Korea are being collected and organized in a systemic fashion. However, this is not the case with the materials relative to interior design. They are gradually disappearing or being lost. In particular, no serious attempt has yet been made to determine the characteristics and historic value of the interior design of the modern bank buildings. The purpose of this study is to trace the disappearing legacy of the interior design of modern bank buildings by learning the inner space arrangements of these buildings and the characteristics of modern interior design in order to determine the historic significance of modern commercial interior design. Banks of relatively large scale were selected for the purpose of this study. They consisted of: Chosun Bank(1911) and its Andong, Wonsan and Cheongjin branches; Chosun Shiksan Banks and its Busan, Daegu and Pyongyang branches; the Busan branch of the 18 Bank; Dongil Bank, Chosun Savings Bank(1935) and their branches. The study focused on the space arrangements and design characteristics of these banks. Although they aimed at modernization in designingtheir interior spaces, the modern bank buildings were not representative of any particular style of interior design. While western style designs were prevalent, eclectic designs incorporating many different styles existed. The characteristics of the interior design of banks of the time included installation of such decorations and use of high quality construction materials for interior and exterior expressing the wealth as to create an aura of credibility for the banks, while the floor arrangements were relatively stereotyped and simplified.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.55-74
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• 2004

This study researched the art-educational thoughts as a modern idea influenced with the social and philosophical transitions in the 19th century. Moreover, this study focused on Frank Lloyd Wright's educational thoughts, because those educational revolutions had appeared as one of the results that Western society's character was rapidly changed by those revolutions, so called, Industrial Revolution, American and French Revolution, and Cultural Revolution of Romanticism, from late 18th century, and eventually because that revolutionary educational ideas had closely and basically many relations with Wright's thought. As a result, even though Wright's education such an apprenticeship was a traditional shape, which was not the old-fashioned educational method discipling to the skillful man, but against the existing education through the self-learning from experiences in nature. That is similar to transcendentalists such as Emerson who searched for having an inspiration in Nature. Namely, Wright himself had struggled against the existing dualistic educational concepts through Wright's monistic thoughts on art-education including architecture based on not naturalism but the philosophy of nature by romantic idealistic philosophers such as Shelling, Fickle, Kant, Hegel including with his Master, Sullivan, and by revolutionary educators such as Freobel, Ruskin, Dewey, and above all by his Unitarian doctrine. However, Wright's thoughts was at that time so radical, and as Wright himself acknowledged that, 'because the philosophy back of it, of course, as you know, is midway I guess between East and West', such all philosophical objects to influence on Wright were so abstruse idea which is usually called 'Romantic' or 'Mystic' that is mingled with East's and West's essence. That is, because Wright himself catched that the theories and methods of the art-educational thoughts would not be easily perceived, and he judged that in a word as a character which could not be taught. After all, Wright's romantic progressivist art-educational thoughts have not been perceived, disseminated in general and widely.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.745-761
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• 2014

본 연구는 우리나라 수학교사들의 교육에 대한 인식과 교사효능감을 교직경력과 학교급에 따라 확인하고, 동아시아 문화권에서의 교육관과 교사효능감의 관계를 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 572명의 초등교사 및 중등 수학교사들을 대상으로 동아시아 문화권에서 제시하고 있는 교육의 목적, 학생과 학습 및 교사에 대한 관점을 주요하게 고려하여 교육에 대한 인식을 조사하였고, 그들의 교사효능감을 확인하였다. 연구 결과, 우리나라 수학교사들은 동아시아 문화권에서의 교육관만을 강하 게 지지하고 있지는 않았다. 그리고 교육에 대한 인식은 교직경력에 따른 차이는 없었으나 학교급에 따라 차이가 있었다. 수학교사들의 교사효능감은 높은 편이었으며, 교직경력과 학교급에 따라 차이가 있었다. 동아시아 문화권에서의 교육관과 교사효능감은 낮은 상관관계를 보였다. 조사 결과를 바탕으로 우리나라의 수학교육과 수학교사의 수업 실천에 대한 시사점을 제시한다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.267-276
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• 2014

Exposures to lead (Pb) are associated with neurological problems including psychiatric disorders and impaired learning and memory. Pb can be absorbed by iron transporters, which are up-regulated in hereditary hemochromatosis, an iron overload disorder in which increased iron deposition in various parenchymal organs promote metal-induced oxidative damage. While dysfunction in HFE (High Fe) gene is the major cause of hemochromatosis, the transport and toxicity of Pb in Hfe-related hemochromatosis are largely unknown. To elucidate the relationship between HFE gene dysfunction and Pb absorption, H67D knock-in Hfe-mutant and wild-type mice were given drinking water containing Pb 1.6 mg/ml ad libitum for 6 weeks and examined for behavioral phenotypes using the nestlet-shredding and marble-burying tests. Latency to nestlet-shredding in Pb-treated wild-type mice was prolonged compared with non-exposed wild-types (p < 0.001), whereas Pb exposure did not alter shredding latency in Hfe-mutant mice. In the marble-burying test, Hfe-mutant mice showed an increased number of marbles buried compared with wild-type mice (p = 0.002), indicating more repetitive behavior upon Hfe mutation. Importantly, Pb-exposed wild-type mice buried more marbles than non-exposed wild-types, whereas the number of marbles buried by Hfe-mutant mice did not change whether or not exposed to Pb. These results suggest that Hfe mutation could normalize Pb-induced behavioral alteration. To explore the mechanism of repetitive behavior caused by Pb, western blot analysis was conducted for proteins involved in brain dopamine metabolism. The levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter increased upon Pb exposure in both genotypes, whereas Hfe-mutant mice displayed down-regulation of the dopamine transporter and dopamine D1 receptor with D2 receptor elevated. Taken together, our data support the idea that both Pb exposure and Hfe mutation increase repetitive behavior in mice and further suggest that these behavioral changes could be associated with altered dopaminergic neurotransmission, providing a therapeutic basis for psychiatric disorders caused by Pb toxicity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2024

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has memory impairment associated with aggregation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Although anti-amyloid β (Aβ) protein antibody and chemical drugs can be prescribed in the clinic, they show adverse effects or low effectiveness. Therefore, the development of a new drug is necessarily needed. We focused on the cognitive function of Panax ginseng and tried to find active ingredient(s). We isolated panaxcerol D, a kind of glycosyl glyceride, from the non-saponin fraction of P. ginseng extract. Methods: We explored effects of acute or sub-chronic administration of panaxcerol D on cognitive function in scopolamine- or Aβ_25-35 peptide-treated mice measured by several behavioral tests. After behavioral tests, we tried to unveil the underlying mechanism of panaxcerol D on its cognitive function by Western blotting. Results: We found that pananxcerol D reversed short-term, long-term and object recognition memory impairments. The decreased extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) or Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in scopolamine-treated mice was normalized by acute administration of panaxcerol D. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), caspase 3, NF-kB p65, synaptophysin and brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels in Aβ_25-35 peptide-treated mice were modulated by sub-chronic administration of panaxcerol D. Conclusion: Pananxcerol D could improve memory impairments caused by cholinergic blockade or Aβ accumulation through increased phosphorylation level of ERK or its anti-inflammatory effect. Thus, panaxcerol D as one of non-saponin compounds could be used as an active ingredient of P. ginseng for improving cognitive function.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제36집
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• pp.117-152
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• 2020

대순사상에서 마테오 리치는 기독교의 종장으로 높이 평가받고 있다. 본 논문은 종교적 인간으로서 리치의 삶과 사상이 지니는 의미를 종교현상학적 관점에서 탐색할 것이다. 리치가 살았던 시대적 배경과 그의 생애를 분석하고, 그의 신관과 인간관 및 구원관을 중심으로 탐구하여 리치가 대순사상에서 지닌 관계성을 재평가할 것이다. 이탈리아에서 태어난 리치는 예수회 선교사가 되어서 중국에 다양한 문물을 전하였다. 그는 예수회의 중국 친화적인 선교정책에 따라서 중국문화에 공감하며 언어를 배우고 중국인을 벗으로 삼아서 서양의 종교와 문화를 전달하였다. 그는 중국의 미래를 낙관하는 여덟 가지 이유를 제시하였고, 이해와 설득의 간접 선교의 방식으로 중국인들에게 기독교메시지를 가르쳤다. 예수회신부들은 중국에서 기독교의 신을 천주라고 불렀는데, 리치는 유교의 상제를 기독교의 천주와 동일하게 간주하였다. 유교경전의 번역과 해석을 토대로 원시유교의 유일신론을 기독교와 유교의 공통점으로 파악하였다. 불교와 도교의 신관을 비판하면서 유교의 신관을 통해 기독교의 신관을 정당화하였다. 리치의 인간관은 기독교의 창조신앙을 기초로 하였고 불교의 윤회를 비판하였다. 리치는 천국과 지옥의 개념을 사용하여 기독교의 윤리성과 구원관을 제시하였다. 대순사상과 리치의 관계성에 대해서는, 1) 동서양세계 간 상호교류에 대한 기여, 2) 대화와 설득에 기반을 둔 평화적 포교방식, 3) 기독교의 종장으로서의 다양한 활동, 4) 종교의 치유하는 기적에 대한 믿음과 조선으로의 유입 등의 차원에서 의미를 찾았다. 리치의 궁극적인 목적은 기독교와 유교의 신관이 지닌 공통점을 강조하면서 동서의 세계관을 교류하고 통합시키는 것이었다.