• 제목/요약/키워드: Weighted mean temperature equation

검색결과 8건 처리시간 0.019초

Determination of Algerian Weighted Mean Temperature Model for forthcoming GNSS Meteorology Application in Algeria

  • Song, Dong-Seob;Boutiouta, Seddik
    • 한국측량학회지
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    • 제30권6_2호
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    • pp.615-622
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    • 2012
  • Since the accuracy of precipitable/integrated water vapor estimates from GNSS measurements is proportional to the accuracy of water vapor Weighted Mean Temperature Model (WMTM), the WMTM is a significant formulation in the retrieval of precipitable water vapor from zenith wet delay of GNSS signal. The purpose of this paper is to develop available the WMTM to apply for GNSS meteorology in the region of Algeria, by using the Algerian radiosonde network in the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). It can be concluded that the available GNSS precipitable water vapor which is retrieved by the developed Algerian Weighted Mean Temperature Equation (AWMTE) can be useful technique for sensing of water vapor in the Algeria, after Algerian Continuously Operating Reference System (CORS) will be constructed.

GPS PWV 추정을 위한 가중 평균 온도식 결정 (Determination of Weighted Mean Temperature for the GPS Precipitable Water Vapor Estimation)

  • 송동섭;윤홍식
    • 한국측량학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.323-329
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    • 2004
  • 수증기는 지구 기후 변화를 관측하는데 있어서 가장 중요한 요소이며, 기상 예보 능력 향상을 위해 이용되고 있다. 그러나, 수증기 관측시 고가의 비용문제와 구조적인 이유로 정확하게 관측이 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. PWV측정을 위한 GPS 기상학 기술은 현재 선진국을 중심으로 활발히 연구되고 있다. GPS 기상학의 주요 핵심은 가중 평균 온도식과 기상 데이터와 연관된 PWV 정확도에 있다. 본 연구에서는 2003년 1년 동안 국내에서 운용중인 라디오존데 관측소 6개소의 기상관측 데이터를 이용하여 선형 회귀 방법에 의한 우리나라에 적합한 가중 평균 온도식을 결정하였다. 새로운 한국형 가중 평균 온도식과 기존의 연구에 의한 가중 평균 온도식에 의하여 GPS 관측치와 라디오존데 관측치에 의한 PWV 정확도를 실험하였다.

GPS 관측데이터 정밀 해석을 통한 가강수량 추정 정확도 향상 (Accuracy Improvement of Precipitable Water Vapor Estimation by Precise GPS Analysis)

  • 송동섭;윤홍식
    • 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국측량학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.27-30
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    • 2007
  • The objective of this study is to improve an accuracy of PWV estimates using GPS in Korea. We determined a weighted mean temperature equation by a linear regression method based on 6 radiosonde meteorological observations, for a total 17,129 profiles, from 2003 to 2005. Weighted mean temperature, Tm, is a key parameter in the retrieval of atmospheric PWV from ground-based GPS measurements of zenith path delay. The accuracy of the GPS-derived PWV is proportional to the accuracy of Tm. And we applied the reduction of air Pressure to GPS station altitude. The reduction value of air pressure from mean sea level to GPS stations altitude is adopted a reverse sea level correction.

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Performance Comparison of Four-Parameter Correlation Equations of the Enthalpy of Vaporization

  • Lee, Kyoung-Youl;Park, Kyoung-Kuhn
    • International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.118-123
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    • 2006
  • A few commonly used correlation equations of the enthalpy of vaporization essential to the analysis of refrigeration cycles are reviewed. A new four-parameter correlation equation is proposed assuming that the enthalpy of vaporization could be represented with a linear form of the temperature and an additional function which slowly decreases as the temperature increases. It is not a common practice to measure the enthalpy of vaporization by experiment; therefore, performance of the new correlation is examined using numeric data from the ASHRAE tables for 22 pure substance refrigerants. The new correlation equation and other existing ones are fitted to the data optimizing the root mean squared deviation. All data points are weighted equally and NBP (normal boiling point) is used as a fixed point since the NBP is important for refrigeration application. The new four-parameter equation yields an average absolute deviation of 0.05% for 22 refrigerants which is smaller than those of other four-parameter equations, such as Guermouche-Vergnaud (0.08%), Aerebrot (0.13%), Radoz-Lyderson (0.08%), and Somayajulu four-parameter equation (0.08%).

Gravitational Instability of Rotating, Vertically-Stratified, Polytropic Disks

  • 김정규;김웅태;홍승수
    • 천문학회보
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    • 제36권2호
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    • pp.111.2-111.2
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    • 2011
  • While many astrophysical disks are vertically stratified and obey a polytropic equation of state, most studies on gravitational instability (GI) of flattened systems consider isothermal, razor-thin disks by taking vertical averages of disk properties. We investigate local GI of rotating pressure-confined polytropic disks with resolved vertical stratification by performing linear stability analysis. We find that the GI of vertically-stratified disks is in general a combination of conventional razor-thin Jeans modes and incompressible modes. The incompressible modes that dominate in the limit of the maximal disk compression require surface distortion and are an unstable version of terrestrial water waves. Disks with a steeper equation of state are found to be more Jeans unstable because they tend to have a smaller vertical scale height as well as a steeper temperature gradient corresponding to lower pressure support. GI depends more sensitively on the vertical temperature than density distribution. The density-weighted, harmonic mean, rather than the simple mean, of the adiabatic sound speed well describes the dispersion relation of horizontal modes, and thus is appropriate in the expression for Toomre Q stability parameter of razor-thin disks. We generalize Q into vertically-stratified disks, and discuss astrophysical application of our work.

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핵연료 집합체내의 비등방성 난류 열전달에 관한 해석적 연구 (Analysis of Anisotropic Turbulent Heat Transfer in Nuclear Fuel Bundles)

  • Kim, Sin;Park, Goon-Cherl
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.35-46
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    • 1988
  • 원자로의 설계나 안전성 분석을 위해서는 핵연료 집합체 내의 유동 구조와 열전달에 대한 지식이 매우 중요하다. 따라서 핵연료 집합체 내의 유체 온도 분포를 정확히 계산하기 위해서는 냉각재 유로 내에서의 속도분포를 정확히 알아야 하는데 이것은 복잡한 난류 현상 때문에 예측하기가 매우 어렵다. 본 연구는 비등방성을 고려한 2-방정식 모형을 사용하여 속도분포를 구하고 핵연료 표면에서의 균일열속을 가정하므로써 유로내에서의 속도 분포를 예측하였다. 수치해는 Galerkin유한 요소법에 의해 핵연료봉 표면까지 구하여졌다. 수치 결과는 알려진 실험치 및 계산치와 비교되어 잘 일치하고 있고, 또한 난류 비등방성이 유로 내의 평균속도와 온도분포에 영향을 미치고 있음을 보았다. 그리고 조밀한 삼각 배열 핵연료 집합체(P/D=1.05-1.3) 내에서 나트륨 냉각재를 사용한 경우의 Nu-P/D관계식을 수립하였다.

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제한적인 기상자료 조건에서의 잠재증발산량 추정을 위한 FAO56 Penman-Monteith 방법의 적용성 분석 - 안동댐 유역을 사례로 - (Applicability Analysis of FAO56 Penman-Monteith Methodology for Estimating Potential Evapotranspiration in Andong Dam Watershed Using Limited Meteorological Data)

  • 김세진;김문일;임철희;이우균;김백조
    • 한국기후변화학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.125-143
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    • 2017
  • This study is conducted to estimate potential evapotranspiration of 10 weather observing systems in Andong Dam watershed with FAO56 Penman-Monteith (FAO56 PM) methodology using the meteorological data from 2013 to 2014. Also, assuming that there is no solar radiation data, humidity data or wind speed data, the potential evapotranspiration was estimated by FAO56 PM and the results were evaluated to discuss whether the methodology is applicable when meteorological dataset is not available. Then, the potential evapotranspiration was estimated with Hargreaves method and compared with the potential evapotranspiration estimated by FAO56 PM only with the temperature dataset. As to compare the potential evapotranspiration estimated from the complete meteorological dataset and that estimated from limited dataset, statistical analysis was performed using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), the Mean Bias Error (MBE), the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and the coefficient of determination ($R^2$). Also the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method was performed to conduct spatial analysis. From the result, even when the meteorological data is limited, FAO56 PM showed relatively high accuracy in calculating potential evapotranspiration by estimating the meteorological data.

한냉에 노출된 인체의 냉각과 총지방량 및 S/V 비율 사이의 관계 (Relationship between Total Body Fat and S/V Ratio and Body Cooling for Two Hours at $15^{\circ}C$)

  • 정관옥;남기용
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.19-28
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    • 1969
  • Skin temperatures on 10 sites and rectal temperature at every 10 minutes, oxygen consumption at every 20 minutes were measured on 18 male subjects (ages between 14 and 47 years) after exposure to cold air at $15^{\circ}C$ for two hours in a climatic room. Total body fat measured by means of a skinfold method and ratio of body surface area (S) to body volume (V), S/V, were utilized as basis of observations. Surface area was calculated after DuBois equation and body volume was calculated by our original formula. In influencing on the heat loss from the body core to the cold environment, % fat showed inverse relations, whereas, S/V ratio showed direct relations. Thus these two factors acted antagonistically on the body heat loss. Local skin temperatures showed negative correlations with skinfold thickness on the same site, nemaly, on chest, r=-.567; on back, r=-.507; and on upper arm, r=-.353. The other 7 skin sites showed low correlations with % fat. Minimum mean weighted skin temperature (MWST) showed a negative correlation (r=-.443) with % fat, and showed no correlation with S/V ratio. Oxygen consumption in the cold air at $15^{\circ}C$ increased from the first measurement at 20 minutes after exposure and maintained the same increasing trend up to 120 minutes. ${\Delta}T_R$ was greater in tile lean subjects who showed a greater % change in oxygen consumption. The antagonistic actions of % fat and S/V ratio on the heat loss were manifested by observations as follows: minimum rectal temperature was higher In fat subjects (r=.600) and lower in subjects with a greater S/V ratio (=-.582), ${\Delta}T_R$ was smaller in fat subjects (r=-.738) and greater in subjects with a greater S/V ratio (r=.618). Temperature difference between body core and skin surface (minimum rectal temperature minus minimum MWST) showed a positive correlation with % fat (r=.600) and a negative correlation with S/V ratio (r=-.881). Decrease in the mean body temperature and heat debt, respectively, showed negative correlations with % fat and positive correlations with S/V ratio.

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