• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.275-288
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• 1999

The purpose of this is providing a simple, relatively errorless body surface area calculation. Subjects were 10 married women and 10 singles women whose age was 20 to 29 years old. The Gypsum method has applied for the sampling of body surface. The Weight method has been used to measure body surface by means of transferring gypsum shape on uniform plane polypropylene films. In this study, compare analyzed errors between the traditional formulas for measuring body surface area and measuring data in this experiment. More than all, it has been to induce a regression equation for measuring body surface area, which is so simple to calculate with less errors, with variable factors as weight and height. The results of this experiment as follows : 1. In the traditional formulas, weight formula was shown high average error : Niya\`s height formula. which was modified K value as 0.62 in the height formula (S = KH) is shown lower average error than Lassabliere\`s Height formula. 2. In the weight-height formula (S=K √WH), it was shown high average error according to the increasing of K value. Kawanami\`s formula, which 5.378 as K value, was shown low average error both the singles and the married women. 3. Dubois weight-heingt formula (S=W/sup a/·H/sub b/·K) was shown low average error than the weight, height, weight-height (S=K√WH) formula. 4. The regression equations with variable factors as weight and height are 156.74W + 86.05H - 660.25 (Single women) and 136.02W + 90.57H - 6241.32 (Married women) the average error and absolute average error to the singles are 0.09%, 0.94% and resoectively -0.13%, 1.16% for the married women.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.38-60
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• 1989

The present analysis was undertaken to find out the relationships between birth weight & Apgar Score of newborn infant & maternal factors. The medical records of 1436 newborn infants who had been at the Korea University III Seoul from January. 1.1984. to December. 31. 1985, were examined. Measurements include weight and Apgar Score. As the possible factors influencing the birth weight & Apgar Score of newborn infant, 9 variables such as : mother's age, frequency ·of pregnancy, frequency of fullterm delivery, frequency. of premature, frequency of abortion, mother's hemoglobin level, complications during pregnancy gestational period and infant sex at birth were selected among the items recorded in the medical records of newborn infants and their mothers. The weight & Apgar Score of newborn infants were compared separately by sex with group percent of those variables. The results were summarized as follows: 1. All of those factors chosen are supposed to be influencing upon the birth weight and Apgar Score examined at birth indirectly through inducing early termination of pregnancy. 2. The most influencing variable of birth weight of newborn infants was gestation period. The most influencing variable of Apgar Score of infant newborn was gestation period. 3. The relationships of those influencing factors are more clear on the birth weights of newborn than on the Apgar Score. 4. More then half of low birth weight infants are turned out to be physiologically normal through the evaluation by Apgar Scoring. Conclusively, All of those factors chosen are supposed to be influencing upon the birth weight and apgar score examined at birth indirectly through inducing early termination of pregnancy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.903-904
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• 2010

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 1988

Correlations between various morphological characteristics of Panax quinquefolium plants grown in Lytton, British Columbia, Canada were assessed for 1-through 4-year old plants. Root dry weight, the dependent variable, was found to be strongly related to leaf dry weight, leaf length and root length for 1-and 2-year old plants during the middle of the growing season. For 1- and 2-year old plants at the end of the growing season, root dry weight was found to be related to leaf dry weight, leaf length and stem dry weight. For 3 and 4-year old plants, root dry weight was found to be related to leaf dry weight, leaf length and stem dry weight. For 3- and 4-year old plants, root dry weight was found to be related to leaf dry weight. For practical considerations, this latter relationship provides a simple method for selecting superior plants from which seed can be harvested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.504-509
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• 2003

In this paper, a multi-step optimization using a G.A.(Genetic Algorithm) with variable penalty function is introduced to the structural design optimization of a high speed machining center. The design problem, in this case, is to find out the best cross-section shapes and dimensions of structural members which minimize the static compliance, the dynamic compliance, and the weight of the machine structure simultaneously. The first step is the cross-section shape optimization, in which only the section members are selected to survive whose cross-section area have above a critical value. The second step is a static design optimization, in which the static compliance and the weight of the machine structure are minimized under some dimensional constraints and deflection limits. The third step is a dynamic design optimization, where the dynamic compliance and the structure weight are minimized under the same constraints as those of the second step. The proposed design optimization method was successful applied to the machining center structural design optimization. As a result, static and dynamic compliances were reduced to 16% and 53% respectively from the initial design, while the weight of the structure are also reduced slightly.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.394-406
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• 2004

A split-plot designed experiment including four rice varieties and 10 nitrogen levels was conducted in 2003 at the Experimental Farm of Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea. Before heading, hyperspectral canopy reflectance (300-1100nm with 1.55nm step) and nine crop variables such as shoot fresh weight (SFW), leaf area index, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, leaf N concentration, shoot N concentration, leaf N density, shoot N density and N nutrition index were measured at 54 and 72 days after transplanting. Grain yield, total number of spikelets, number of filled spikelets and 1000-grain weight were measured at harvest. 14,635 narrow-band NDVIs as combinations of reflectances at wavelength ${\lambda}l\;and\;{\lambda}2$ were correlated to the nine crop variables. One NDVI with the highest correlation coefficient with a given crop variable was selected as the NDVI of the best fit for this crop variable. As expected, models to predict crop variables before heading using the NDVI of the best fit had higher $r^2$ (>10\%)$ than those using common broad- band NDVI red or NDVI green. The models with the narrow-band NDVI of the best fit overcame broad- band NDVI saturation at high LAI values as frequently reported. Models using NDVIs of the best fit at booting showed higher predictive capacity for yield and yield component than models using crop variables.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.11b
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• pp.364-368
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• 1999

This paper suggests switching regulator technique to overcome the drawback of conventional variable linear power supply. Switching regulator technique can eliminate the extremely lossy operation and reduce the size and weight of variable linear power supply and provide nearly constant output power over the majority of output voltage range. The topology of variable switched mode power supply is employed active clamp forward converter with a current doubler rectifier and by using control of variable-frequency together with control of fixed-frequency, output voltage can be controled. Equivalent circuits pertinent to each operational mode of converter are derived, and an experimental 20V, 50A converter was designed and built. The converter operates from an output voltage of zero to 25 V, under 100 kHz switching frequency.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.3C
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• pp.157-162
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• 2011

For blind equalization of communication channels, concurrent equalization is useful to improve convergence characteristics. However, the concurrent equalization will result in limited performance enhancement by continuing concurrent adaptation with two algorithms after the equalizer converges to steady-state. In this paper, to improve the convergence characteristics and steady-state performance of the concurrent equalization, proposed is a new concurrent equalization technique with variable step-size parameter and weight-based tap coefficients update. The proposed concurrent vsCMA+DD equalization calculates weight factors using error signals of the variable step-size CMA (vsCMA) and DD (decision-directed) algorithm, and then updates the two equalizers based on the weights respectively. The proposed method, first, improves the error performance of the CMA by the vsCMA, and enhances the steady-state performance as well as the convergence speed further by the weight-based tap coefficients update. The performance improvement by the proposed scheme is verified through simulations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.147-155
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• 2012

${\beta}$-Glucan purified from oats (OG) and bitter melon, Momordica charantia Linn (MC), water extracts have shown favorable effects on diabetes and its complications. We investigated to find out the optimal composition showing hypoglycemic and antidiabetic complication effects in variable compositions (OG:MC = 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8, 1:10, 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1). Extracts were administered orally once a day for 28 days following 7 days post streptozotocin (STZ) dosing. Five rats per group (total 15 groups; Intact, STZ, OG, MC, and the variable composition groups) were selected according to the blood glucose and body weight at 6 days after STZ dosing. After 28 days of extracts dosing, the changes on the body weight, liver and kidney weight, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total-cholesterol levels were observed. As the result of STZ-induced diabetes, decreases of body weight, increases of the liver and kidney weights, blood glucose, BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, LDL, and total-cholesterol levels in STZ control were detected compared with intact control. However, these changes of hyperglycemia, diabetic nephropathy, hepatopathy, and hyperlipemia were dramatically decreased in the OG and MC single-dosing group, and all composition groups. In addition, there were more favorable effects in all composition groups compared with the OG and MC single-dosing groups. Among variable compositions, the OG:MC 1:2 mixed group showed the most synergic effects in this study.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2016

Tensairity girder is a light weight inflatable fabric structural concept which can be used in road emergency transportation. It uses low pressure air to stabilize compression elements against buckling. With the purpose of obtaining the comprehensive target of minimum deflection and weight under ultimate load, the cross-section and the inner pressure of tensairity girder was optimized in this paper. The Variable Complexity Modeling (VCM) method was used in this paper combining the Kriging approximate method with the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method, which was implemented by ABAQUS. In the Kriging method, the sample points of the surrogate model were outlined by Design of Experiment (DOE) technique based on Optimal Latin Hypercube. The optimization framework was constructed in iSIGHT with a global optimization method, Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm (MIGA), followed by a local optimization method, Sequential Quadratic Program (SQP). The result of the optimization gives a prominent conceptual design of the tensairity girder, which approves the solution architecture of VCM is feasible and efficient. Furthermore, a useful trend of sensitivity between optimization variables and responses was performed to guide future design. It was proved that the inner pressure is the key parameter to balance the maximum Von Mises stress and deflection on tensairity girder, and the parameters of cross section impact the mass of tensairity girder obviously.