• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.261-271
• /
• 1996

저자들은 1992년 1월 1일부터 1995년 6월 30일까지 영남대학병원에서 양에너지 방사선 골밀도 측정기로 요추 골밀도를 측정한 자연적 폐경기 여성 136명을 대상으로 설문과 의무기록지를 검토하여 연령, 신장, 체중, 초경 및 폐경 연령, 자녀수, 모유수유 자녀수, 경구 피임력, 골다공증의 가족력, 우유 및 커피섭취량, 흡연 및 음주력 그리고 신체활동량을 평가하였다. 평균 연령은 55.2세였고, 평균 폐경 연령은 47.9세였다. 골밀도는 신장, 체중 그리고 신체활동량과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 나이, 폐경 후 기간 그리고 자녀수와는 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다. % age-matched 골밀도는 나이, 신장, 체중, 신체활동량 그리고 폐경 후 기간과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 골밀도를 종속변수로 한 다중회귀분석에서는, 폐경 후 기간, 신체활동량 그리고 체중이 골밀도에 영향을 주는 유의한 변수였고, 그 중 폐경 후 기간이 가장 영향을 주는 변수였다. 나이의 효과를 통제하기 위해 % age-matched 골밀도를 종속변수로 한 다중회귀분석에서는, 신체활동량과 체중이 % age-matched 골밀도에 영향을 주는 유의한 변수였고, 신체활동량이 가장 영향을 주는 변수였다. 그 결과 폐경기 여성의 골밀도에 영향을 미치는 인자들 중 나이의 영향을 배제하면 신체활동량과 체중이 중요한 인자로 생각된다. 그러므로 지속적인 신체활동이 골다공증의 예방에 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.199-205
• /
• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of increase in barbell weight on closely related variable to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury which are knee joint kinematics, joint load, joint moment, and maximum load attainment point during snatch of the weight lifting. Method: The subjects of the study were 10 male Korean national weight lifting athletes (69 kg 5, 77 kg 5; age: $21.80{\pm}3.91yrs.$, height: $168.00{\pm}4.06cm$, weight: $75.00{\pm}4.02kg$, career: $7.8{\pm}3.99yrs.$, snatch records: $168{\pm}4.06kg$). The weight of the barbell during the snatch operation was set at 70%, 75% and 80% of the highest records for each subject studied. Results: The result obtained from the one-way repeated measure ANOVA are as follows: With increased barbell weight, the extension moment of the left knee joint was higher in the 80% condition than the 70% (p<.001). However, other variables were not statistically significant difference. According to the factor analysis of the variables related to maximum load attainment point of the ACL major injury variables, the first sub-factor was the internal shear force, the posterior shear force, the abduction moment, and the muscle activity of the VL. The second sub-factor was the extension moment of the knee joint, compressive force, adduction moment, and the third sub-factor was the muscle activity of BF. Conclusion: These results indicate that the possibility of ACL injury can be lowered when performing a stable snatch movement.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
• /
• 제53권3호
• /
• pp.164-172
• /
• 2004

This paper presents the comparison results of some kinds of control method in circumstance of eccentric load. The plant to be controlled is a computed tomography(CT) driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor. In a CT system, many units are attached on the rotationally part of a gantry such as x-ray tube, detector, heat exchanger, and data acquisition unit etc. Therefore keeping many components to balance which have different weight is not easy; this is inescapable problem in the all CT systems. To solve this problem against eccentric load, some kinds of control method have been compared and analysed by using protype CT. From the experimental results it is vilified that the CT drive system with model reference control method indicates higher speed regulation ability regardless of variable eccentric weight and uncertain position, and also in the limit condition of constant eccentric weight and fixed position, the compensation method with sinusoidal form is a strong candidate in view of speed ripple reduction.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance and narcissism on body stress. Questionnaires are being administered to 206 women in their 20's-50's living in Deagu and Kyunbook province. The Frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan-test are used for data analysis. Sociocultural attitudes toward appearance are categorized into media appearance internalization and social recognition of appearance. Narcissism factors are found to be leadership/privilege, ostentation, and superiority. Body stress is categorized into 4 factors: weight stress, skin aging stress, body dissatisfaction, and hair stress. Sociocultural attitudes toward appearance was related to the sub-variables of narcissism, and body stress. Media appearance internalization is the sun-variable of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance and has significant effects on weight stress, skin aging stress, and body dissatisfaction sub-variables for body stress. Ostentation, and superiority being the sub-variables of narcissism, have significant effects on weight stress, skin aging stress, body dissatisfaction, and hair stress, the sub-variables for body stress. Ages of women display distinctions between the sub-variables in sociocultural attitudes toward appearance such media appearance internalization, and in narcissism such leadership/privilege, ostentation, superiority, and body stress such weight stress, skin aging stress, body dissatisfaction, and hair stress. This result can be a necessary base line data for adult women's appearance management by examining the influence of the attitude toward the appearance developed from the relationship with people around body stress.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제28권11호
• /
• pp.1297-1308
• /
• 2011

The light-weight design of UTM (Urban Transit Maglev)-02 car-body frames are performed, based on initial configuration. The thicknesses of fourteen sub-structures are defined as design variables and the loading condition is considered according to weight of sub-structures, electronic and pneumatic modules and passengers. For efficient and robust process of design optimization, objective function and constraints are approximated by response surface approximation. Structural analysis is performed at some sampling points to construct the approximated objective function and constraints composed of design variables. Design space is changed to find many optimal candidates and best optimal design can be found eventually. The Matlab Optimization Toolbox is used to find optimal value and sensitivity analysis about each design variable is also performed.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.570-573
• /
• 2003

Wheels for passenger car support the car weight with tires. and they transmit rolling and braking power into the ground. Whittliing away at wheel weight is more effective to boost fuel economy that lighting vehicle body structure. A shape of hole in disk is optimized for minimizing the weight of steel wheel. Pro/ENGINEER program is used for formulating the design model. and ANSYS package is selected for analyzing the design model. It has difficulties 10 interface these commercial software directly. For combining both programs. response surface methodology is applied to construct approximation functions for maximum stresses and maximum displacements are obtained by full factorial design of five levels. This steel wheel is modeled in 14-inch diameter of rim. and wide parameter of hole in disk is only selected as design variable for reducing the weight of steel wheel. PLBA(Pshenichny·Lim-Belegundu_arora) algorithm. which uses the second-order information in the direction finding problem and uses the active set strategy. is used for solving optimization problems.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.34-39
• /
• 2020

Automotive manufacturers are applying technologies for greenhouse gas reduction such as vehicle weight reduction, engine downsizing, direct injection technology, variable valves and transmission performance improvement to achieve the targets for enhanced greenhouse gas and fuel consumption efficiency. In this paper, compared and analyzed greenhouse emissions according to engine capacity, engine displacement, curb weight and sales volume of hybrid and internal combustion engine passenger vehicles. Hybrid emit 32~39% less greenhouse gas than internal combustion engines through the combined mode test method. Hybrid electric vehicle's curb weight was about 7% heavier on average for the same engine displacement, while greenhouse gas was about 36% lower. It was confirmed that in order to reduce the emission of pollutants of greenhouse gases as well as the air pollutants, it is necessary to expand the supply of eco-friendly vehicles.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.424-430
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare predictions and measurements of the resting energy expenditure (REE) of overweight and obese adult women in Korea. Methods: The subjects included 65 overweight or obese adult women ranging in age from 20~60 with a recorded body mass index (BMI) of 23 or higher. Their height, weight, waist-hip ratio, and blood pressure were measured. The investigator also measured their body fat, body fat percentage, and body composition of total weight without fat using Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and measured resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry. Measured resting energy expenditures were compared with predictions from six methods: Harris-Benedict, Mifflin, Owen, WHO-WH, Henry-WH, and KDRI. Results: Harris-Benedict predictions showed the smallest differences from measured resting energy expenditure at an accurate prediction rate of 70%. The study analyzed regression between measured resting energy expenditure and body measurements including height, weight and age. The formula proposed by this research is as follows: Proposed REE equation for overweight and obese Korean women = $721-(1.5{\times}age)+(0.4{\times}height)+(9.9{\times}weight)$. Conclusions: These findings suggest that age is a significant variable when predicting resting energy expenditure in overweight and obese women. Therefore, prediction of resting energy expenditure should consider age when determining energy requirements in overweight and obese women.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2011

It is necessary to set up a standard of estimation for annual unit price of sale and cost, damage rate for calculating compensation against fishery damage objectively. Two items on the unit price and cost have regulations but the damage rate has not, so it may occurred some problems such as reasonability and balance because the estimation should be handling by an appraiser's knowledge and experience. This study has analyzed using Regression model and searched variable costs and fixed costs about each items appraisers to operate in the present. It is compare profit damage index is calculated by an estimated model and an appraised example. This analysis showed highly 23-30% estimated model more than appraised example. It means the overestimation for fishery damage. This difference has caused by limited data, lack of sample, much difference in the standard deviation, and has not classified each kind of business and weight of coastal fishery, the overestimation more than what expected. This study has analyzed that the applied rate of fixed and variable cost in relation to the compensation in the cost of coastal fishery is very valuable.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.177-181
• /
• 1997

We constructed a single-chain immunoglobulin in which the carboxyl end of the heavy chain variable domain is covalently joined to the amino terminus of the light chain variable domain via peptide linker and the carboxyl end of the light chain variable domain is linked to human ${\gamma}1$ Fc region through the hinge region. The molecule was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, assembled into a dimeric molecule and secreted into the culture medium. The dimeric molecule (2E11) was purified from the culture supernatant by affinity chromatography on Protein G-Sepharose column. The size of the unreduced or reduced protein was the expected molecular weight of approximately 120 or 60 kDa, respectively, as assessed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antigen-binding affinity of 2E11 was almost the same as that of a native antibody counterpart (CS131A), suggesting that the single-chain immunoglobulin may function like a native antibody.