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Investigation of the level difference of floor impact noises through the shape variation of EVA resilient materials with composite floor structure (EVA 완충재의 형상변환을 통한 복합구조의 바닥충격음 변이 조사)

  • Jakin Lee;Seung-Min Lee;Chan-Hoon Haan
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.60-71
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    • 2024
  • The present study aims to investigate the level difference of floor impact noises of composite floor structure using EVA resilient materials. In order to this, four different types of resilient materials were designed combining PET, PP sheet and EVA mount including Flat type, Deck type, Cavity type and Mount type. Totally 9 different samples were made for acoustic measurements which were carried out twice with bang-machine and impact ball as the heavy-weight floor impact noise sources. All the floor impact noise measurements were undertaken at the authentication institution. As a result, concerning Flat and Cavity types, it was found that 2 dB ~ 5 dB of heavy-weight floor impact noise was reduced supplementally when PET was added, while floor impact noise larger than 50 dB was acquired when single resilient material was used. Especially, most high performance was obtained for Mount type with 1st grade of light-weight floor impact noise and 2nd grade of heavy-weight floor impact noise. This is because of material property with low dense PET sound absorption materials which fill all around EVA mounts. Also, it was considered that this results are due to the sound impact absorption by the both EVA mounts and the air cavity between EVA mount and PP sheet. Also, it was found that at least 36 EVA mounts per 1m2 area of resilient panel make more noise reduction of heavy-weight floor impact noises.

Thermal Insulation and Flame Retardant Properties of Cement Based Super Light-weight Inorganic Thermal Insulation using 100㎛ Grade Glass Bubble (100㎛급 글라스 버블 혼입 시멘트계 초경량 무기 단열재의 단열 및 난연특성)

  • Son, Bae-Geun;Song, Hun
    • Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.642-649
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    • 2021
  • Energy saving standard for buildings are strengthened, the application of exterior insulation finishing system and thickness of insulation materials are increasing. Most buildings with exterior insulation finishing system is applied organic insulating material. Organic insulating material have workability, economic feasibility, reduction in construction cost, and excellent thermal insulation performance. However, Organic insulating material is very vulnerable to heat, so when a fire occurs, rapid fire spread and toxic gas are generated, causing many casualties. Inorganic insulating material can be non-combustible performance, but it is heavy and has low thermal insulation performance. Mineral wool has higher thermal insulation performance than other types of inorganic insulating material, but mineral wool is disadvantageous to workability and vulnerable to moisture. Glass bubble are highly resistant to water and chemically stable substances. In addition, the density of the glass bubble is very low and the particles are spherical, fluidity is improved by the ball bearing effect. Glass bubbles can be used with cement-based ino rganic insulating material to impro ve the weight and thermal insulatio n perfo rmance o f cement-based inorganic insulation. This study produced a inorganic insulating materials were manufactured using cement-based materials and glass bubble. In order to evaluate the insulation performance and flame retardant performance of cement-based super light-weight inorganic insulating materials using with glass bubble, insulation performance or flame retardant and non-combustible performance were evaluated after manufacturing insulating materials using micro cement and two types of glass bubbles. From the test result, Increasing the mixing ratio of glass bubbles improved the insulation performance of cement-based super light-weight inorganic insulating materials, and when the mixing ratio of glass bubbles was 10%, it sho wed sufficient flame retardant and no n-co mbustible perfo rmance.

Electrochemical Characteristics of Silicon/Carbon Composites with CNT for Anode Material (CNT를 첨가한 Silicon/Carbon 음극소재의 전기화학적 특성)

  • Jung, Min zy;Park, Ji Yong;Lee, Jong Dae
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.16-21
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    • 2016
  • Silicon/Carbon/CNT composites as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries were synthesized to overcome the large volume change during lithium alloying-de alloying process and low electrical conductivity. Silicon/Carbon/CNT composites were prepared by the fabrication processes including the synthesis of SBA-15, magnesiothermic reduction of SBA-15 to obtain Si/MgO by ball milling, carbonization of phenolic resin with CNT and HCl etching. The prepared Silicon/Carbon/CNT composites were analysed by XRD, SEM, BET and EDS. In this study, the electrochemical effect of CNT content to improve the capacity and cycle performance was investigated by charge/discharge, cycle, cyclic voltammetry and impedance tests. The coin cell using Silicon/Carbon/CNT composite (Si:CNT=93:7 in weight) in the electrolyte of $LiPF_6$ dissolved in organic solvents (EC:DMC:EMC=1:1:1 vol%) has better capacity (1718 mAh/g) than those of other composition coin cells. The cycle performance of coin cell was improved as CNT content was increased. It is found that the coin cell (Si:CNT=89:11 in weight) has best capacity retension (83%) after 2nd cycle.

Development of standard shoe-lasts that reflect BMI and foot characteristics of senior generation women (여성 시니어 세대 BMI와 발 특성에 따른 구두용 표준 라스트 개발)

  • Lee, Woong-Sub;Kim, Sun-Ah
    • The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.175-191
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the body mass index(BMI) and foot characteristics of senior-generation women and to use those values to develop a standard shoe last for producing shoes that best fit the foot of senior-generation women. In order to develop a standard shoe last that reflects the BMI and foot characteristics of senior-generation women, I analyzed the morphometric characteristics of feet by conducting descriptive statistics for each item. The foot characteristics based on BMI were analyzed by conducting ANOVA and Duncan's tests via the foot's measured values. Subsequently, I developed a standard shoe last reflecting the BMI and the foot characteristics of senior-generation women by applying all those values. Senior-generation women showed significant differences among three groups based on BMI-normal weight, overweight, and obese-in all the items except for medial ball width and toe 5 angle. Through these values, I realized that as the value of the BMI becomes higher, the size of the foot becomes larger. This suggests that as a woman's weight increases or decreases, her shoes need to be replaced as well as her clothes. Deviations in the toe-side parts of the shoe could cause deformation of the foot. If someone keeps wearing shoes produced using a shoe last with a large deviation, she risks developing foot conditions like hallux valgus. This situation points to the need for shoe manufacture that utilizes a standard shoe last that reflects the BMI and foot characteristics of the senior generation.

Chemical and Physical Predictors of the Nutritive Value of Wheat in Broiler Diets

  • Ball, M.E.E.;Owens, B.;McCracken, K.J.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.97-107
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    • 2013
  • The aim of this study was to establish relationships between chemical and physical parameters of wheat with performance and digestibilities of feed components in broiler chickens fed on wheat-based diets. Ninety-four wheat samples were selected for inclusion in four bird trials. Birds were housed in individual wire metabolism cages from 7 to 28 d and offered water and feed ad libitum. Dry matter intake (DMI), liveweight gain (LWG) and gain:feed were measured weekly. A balance collection was carried out from 14 to 21 d for determination of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), ME:gain, dry matter retention, oil and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility. At 28 d the birds were humanely killed, the contents of the jejunum removed for determination of in vivo viscosity and the contents of the ileum removed for determination of ileal dry matter, starch and protein digestibility. When wheat parameters were correlated with bird performance data, it was found that specific weight was not significantly (p>0.05) related to bird performance. Bird DMI, LWG and gain:feed were best correlated (p<0.05) with the rate of starch digestion, although the coefficients of correlation (r) were still low (0.246 to 0.523). A negative relationship (p<0.01) between AME and total (r = -0.432) and soluble (r = -0.304) non starch polysaccharide (NSP) was observed in this study. Thousand grain weight (TG) was positively correlated with DMI (r = 0.299), LWG (r = 0.343) and gain:feed (r = 0.371). When establishing multiple regression relationships, correlation coefficients greater than 0.8 were achieved for DMI, LWG, gain:feed and ileal crude protein digestibility. However, the economics involved in determining the parameters involved in the regressions make the process impractical.

Kinetic Analysis of Golf Fat Shot (골프 Fat shot에 대한 운동역학적 분석)

  • Sohn, Jee-Hoon
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.13 no.10
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    • pp.523-532
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    • 2013
  • When the golf club hits the ground prior to making contact with the golf ball, we define it as 'fat shot'. The aim of this research was to investigate the difference between normal shot and fat shot in golf. Five candidates playing as recreational golfer participated in this research and they were all right-handed people. Time phase between each event, wrist cocking angle, elbow extension-flexion angle, backswing height, pelvis angle, thorax angle, L-GRF, R-GRF, pelvis linear velocity, pelvis angular velocity and COG path were calculated. For statistical analysis the paired T-test was used. An early un-cocking, an early right elbow extension and impact with leaving their weight behind foot were not reasons of fat shot. Backswing height, X-Factor, pelvis angle and thorax rotation angle were not different between normal shot and fat shot. But we could find a pattern of abrupt pelvic movement and weight shift to target direction just before impact in case of fat shot. In addition fat shot showed time-delayed and small value of pelvis linear velocity pattern to upward during downswing phase as against normal shot.

Lubricating Performance of Polyalkylene Glycol and Polyolester Base Oils analyzed from the Model of Interaction between Environmentally adapted Polar base oils and Additive (TCP) (환경친화적인 극성기유와 첨가제(TCP)의 상호작용모델로부터 해석된 Polyalkylene glycol 및 Polyolester Base Oil의 윤활작용)

  • ;Masabumi Masuko
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.146-152
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    • 2001
  • Environmentally adapted synthetic base oils of polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) and polyol esters (POEs) show a high polarity because of their functional groups containing oxygen atom. The lubricating performance of these polar base oils was investigated by using a four-ball tribometer under boundary lubrication condition. Four polyalkylene glycols and five polyol ester base oils were used as sample base oils of high polarity. A mineral oil (MO) and alkylnaphthalene (AN) were used as low polarity base oils. Tricrecylphosphate (TCP) was added to all the base oils, in the range of 10 mmol/L-2000 mmol/L, as an antiwear additive. All the TCP-for-mutated base oils showed optimum concentration characteristics for minimizing wear. The order of optimum concentration of all the base oils was in a good accordance with the order of relative stability of TCP in base oils. The interaction model on solvation between additive and different polar base oils can expect the stability order of TCP. Thus, the model on solvation can explain well the order of optimum concentration of all the base oils, by using the effect of polarity (dielectric constant, $\varepsilon$) and molecular size (molecular weight, MW) of them on stability of TCP in polar base oils. Finally, a good correlation of the optimum concentration for all the base oils was obtained when it was arranged as a function of C∝(M $W_{Base Oil}$/M $W_{TCP}$)$^{-2}$.71/.($\varepsilon$$_{Base Oil}$)$^{3.38}$ by these two parameters.s..

Development of a Rice Seed Pelleting Machine for Direct Seeding in Rice Cultivation (직파용 벼 펠렛종자 제조장치 개발)

  • 박종수;유수남;최영수;유대성
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.381-390
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    • 2002
  • Direct seeding of rice-seed pellets is expected to be an alternative for solving problems in current direct seeding cultivation of rice. but mass production of rice-seed pellets is prerequisite for practical application. Design. construction and performance evaluation of an experimental rice seed pelleting machine were carried out for mass production of rice-seed pellets. The pelleting machine intended to make a ball type rice-seed pellet, which have 3∼5 rice seeds and diameter of which is 12 mm. Pellet materials ; rice seeds, soil, and binder were mixed and kneaded by the mixer. The designed rice seed pelleting machine fed pellet materials by screw conveyor to forming rolls and made rice-seed pellets. Capacity, ratio of perfect rice-seed pellets, seed and pellet material loss were investigated as mixing ratio of soil to rice seed and feeding rate of pellet materials. The pelleting machine showed up to 37,000 pellets/h of pelleting rate, 61∼71% of weight ratio of perfect rice-seed pellets to pellet materials supplied, 17∼48% of seed loss ratio. Average weight and average diameter of the pellets were 1.66 g and 12.0 mm. respectively. More than 3 rice seeds were included in most pellets at 6 : 1 of mixing ratio of soil to rice seed. And compression strength of the pellets was in the range of 88-130 N. To improve performance of the pelleting machine, improvements of the forming rolls, feeding mechanism, and discharging mechanism for reducing loss of pellet materials and seeds damage are needed.

Synthesis of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube/Graphene Composite by Aerosol Process and Its Characterization for Supercapacitors (에어로졸 공정에 의한 Multiwall carbon nanotube/Graphene 복합체 제조 및 슈퍼커패시터 특성평가)

  • Jo, Eun Hee;Kim, Sun Kyung;Chang, Hankwon;Lee, Chong Min;Park, Su-Ryeon;Choi, Ji-hyuk;Jang, Hee Dong
    • Particle and aerosol research
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.127-134
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    • 2016
  • A multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/graphene (GR) composite was synthesized for an enhanced supercapacitor. Aerosol spray pyrolysis (ASP) was employed to synthesize the MWCNT/GR composites using a colloidal mixture of MWCNT and graphene oxide (GO). The effect of the weight ratio of the MWCNT/GO on the particle properties including the morphology and layered structure were investigated. The morphology of MWCNT/GR composites was generally the shape of a crumpled paper ball, and the average composite size was about $5{\mu}m$. MWCNT were uniformly dispersed in GR sheets and the MWCNT not only increase the basal spacing but also bridge the defects for electron transfer between GR sheets. Thus, it was increasing electrolyte/electrode contact area and facilitating transportation of electrolyte ion and electron in the electrode. Electrochemical data demonstrate that the MWCNT/GR (weight ratio=0.1) composite possesses a specific capacitance of 192 F/g at 0.1 A/g and good rate capability (88% capacity retention at 4 A/g) using two-electrode testing system.

The Geometry of the Space of Symmetric Bilinear Forms on ℝ2 with Octagonal Norm

  • Kim, Sung Guen
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • v.56 no.3
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    • pp.781-791
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    • 2016
  • Let $d_*(1,w)^2 ={\mathbb{R}}^2$ with the octagonal norm of weight w. It is the two dimensional real predual of Lorentz sequence space. In this paper we classify the smooth points of the unit ball of the space of symmetric bilinear forms on $d_*(1,w)^2$. We also show that the unit sphere of the space of symmetric bilinear forms on $d_*(1,w)^2$ is the disjoint union of the sets of smooth points, extreme points and the set A as follows: $$S_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}=smB_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}{\bigcup}extB_{{\mathcal{L}}_s(^2d_*(1,w)^2)}{\bigcup}A$$, where the set A consists of $ax_1x_2+by_1y_2+c(x_1y_2+x_2y_1)$ with (a = b = 0, $c={\pm}{\frac{1}{1+w^2}}$), ($a{\neq}b$, $ab{\geq}0$, c = 0), (a = b, 0 < ac, 0 < ${\mid}c{\mid}$ < ${\mid}a{\mid}$), ($a{\neq}{\mid}c{\mid}$, a = -b, 0 < ac, 0 < ${\mid}c{\mid}$), ($a={\frac{1-w}{1+w}}$, b = 0, $c={\frac{1}{1+w}}$), ($a={\frac{1+w+w(w^2-3)c}{1+w^2}}$, $b={\frac{w-1+(1-3w^2)c}{w(1+w^2)}}$, ${\frac{1}{2+2w}}$ < c < ${\frac{1}{(1+w)^2(1-w)}}$, $c{\neq}{\frac{1}{1+2w-w^2}}$), ($a={\frac{1+w(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $b={\frac{-1+(1+w)c}{w(1+w)}}$, 0 < c < $\frac{1}{2+2w}$) or ($a={\frac{1=w(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $b={\frac{1-(1+w)c}{1+w}}$, $\frac{1}{1+w}$ < c < $\frac{1}{(1+w)^2(1-w)}$).